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From NP to DP : Volume 2: The expression of possession in noun phrases
Jul 2003
Book
This is the second of a two-volume selection of refereed and revised papers originally presented at the special workshop of the international conference From NP to DP at the University of Antwerp. Reflecting the stage of current research with respect to the expression of possession in the noun phrase it focusses on issues such as alienable and inalienable possession internal and external syntax of possessors interaction between determiners and possessors interpretation of possessors and typology of possessors. The papers preceded by an up-to-date overview and discussion of the most important studies in the field provide an excellent basis for comparative analyses of possession in the noun phrase between a large number of languages.
Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy
Jul 2003
Book
A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In Multiple analogies in science and philosophy Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology archaeology and Plato's Republic Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation and the role of analogy in science and philosophy.
This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.
This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.
Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing
Jul 2003
Book
In recent years conceptual metonymy has been recognized as a cognitive phenomenon that is as fundamental as metaphor for reasoning and the construction of meaning. The thoroughly revised chapters in the present volume originated as presentations in a workshop organized by the editors for the 7th International Pragmatics Conference held in Budapest in 2000. They constitute according to an anonymous reviewer "an interesting contribution to both cognitive linguistics and pragmatics." The contributions aim to bridge the gap and encourage discussion between cognitive linguists and scholars working in a pragmatic framework. Topics include the metonymic basis of explicature and implicature the role of metonymically-based inferences in speech act and discourse interpretation the pragmatic meaning of grammatical constructions the impact of metonymic mappings on and their interaction with grammatical structure the role of metonymic inferencing and implicature in linguistic change and the comparison of metonymic principles across languages and different cultural settings.
(In)vulnerable Domains in Multilingualism
Jul 2003
Book
The focus of this collection of essays is on the acquisition of so called vulnerable and invulnerable grammatical domains in multilingualism. Language acquisition is studied from a comparative perspective mostly in the framework of generative grammar. Different types of multilingualism are compared the existence of multiple grammars in L1 acquisition simultaneous L2 acquisition (balanced and unbalanced bilingualism) and successive L2 acquisition (child and adult L2 acquisition). Evidence from the language pairs French-German Italian-Swedish Spanish-English Spanish-German Spanish-Basque Portuguese-Japanese-English Portuguese-German English-German Turkish-German is brought to bear on grammatical issues pertaining to the morphology and syntax of the noun phrase pronoun use and the null-subject property clause structure verb position non-finite clauses agreement at the clause level and on issues like code mixing and language dominance.
Structure and Function – A Guide to Three Major Structural-Functional Theories : Part 2: From clause to discourse and beyond
Jun 2003
Book
Like its companion volume this book offers a detailed description and comparison of three major structural-functional theories: Functional Grammar Role and Reference Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar illustrated throughout with corpus-derived examples from English and other languages. Whereas Part 1 confines itself largely to the simplex clause Part 2 moves from the clause towards the discourse and its context. The first three chapters deal with the areas of illocution information structuring (topic and focus theme and rheme given and new information etc.) and clause combining within complex sentences. Chapter 4 examines approaches to discourse text and context across the three theories. The fifth chapter deals with the learning of language by both native and non-native speakers and applications of the theories in stylistics computational linguistics translation and contrastive studies and language pathology. The final chapter assesses the extent to which each theory attains the goals it sets for itself and then outlines a programme for the development of an integrated approach responding to a range of criteria of descriptive and explanatory adequacy.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/><br/>
Narratives We Organize By
Jun 2003
Book
This book is a collection of texts that explore the analogy between organizing and narrating between action and text. The raw material of everyday organizational life consists of disconnected fragments physical and verbal actions that do not make sense when reported with simple chronology. Narrating is organizing this raw and fragmented material with the help of such devices as plot and characters. Simultaneously organizing makes narration possible because it orders people things and events in time and place. The collection written by organization researchers from many different countries explores this analogy in both directions reporting studies that show how narratives are made in situ and applying narrative analysis (structuralist and poststructuralist) to stories already in existence.
Barbara Czarniawska is Skandia Professor of Management Studies at GRI School of Economics and Commercial Law Göteborg University Sweden.
Pasquale Gagliardi is Professor of Sociology of Organization at the Catholic University of Milan and Managing Director of ISTUD- Istituto Studi Direzionali Milan-Stresa Italy.
Barbara Czarniawska is Skandia Professor of Management Studies at GRI School of Economics and Commercial Law Göteborg University Sweden.
Pasquale Gagliardi is Professor of Sociology of Organization at the Catholic University of Milan and Managing Director of ISTUD- Istituto Studi Direzionali Milan-Stresa Italy.
Structure and Function – A Guide to Three Major Structural-Functional Theories : Part 1: Approaches to the simplex clause
Jun 2003
Book
This book and its companion volume present a detailed guide to three major structural-functional theories: Functional Grammar Role and Reference Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar. This first volume provides the necessary background through a discussion of the characteristics of functional theories followed by a brief analysis of six approaches to language in the light of this discussion. These chapters lead to a characterization of a smaller set of ‘structural-functional grammars’ among which FG RRG and SFG are central. An overview of each of these theories in relation to the simplex clause is then presented followed by a more critical comparison. The remainder of the book deals with the structure and meaning of phrasal units the representation of situations and the treatment of tense aspect modality and polarity across the three theories. A major feature of the book is the use of examples from corpora of English and other languages which serve not only to exemplify theoretical and descriptive claims but also at times to challenge them.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/><br/>
Caging the Beast : A theory of sensory consciousness
Jun 2003
Book
A major obstacle for materialist theories of the mind is the problem of sensory consciousness. How could a physical brain produce conscious sensory states that exhibit the rich and luxurious qualities of red velvet a Mozart concerto or fresh-brewed coffee? Caging the Beast: A Theory of Sensory Consciousness offers to explain what these conscious sensory states have in common by virtue of being conscious as opposed to unconscious states. After arguing against accounts of consciousness in terms of higher-order representation of mental states the theory claims that sensory consciousness is a special way we have of representing the world. The book also introduces a way of thinking about subjectivity as separate and more fundamental than consciousness and considers how this foundational notion can be developed into more elaborate varieties. An appendix reviews the connection between consciousness and attention with an eye toward providing a neuropsychological instantiation of the proposed theory. (Series A)
Schlußfolgerungslehre in Erfurter Schulen des 14. Jahrhunderts : Eine Untersuchung der Konsequentientraktate von Thomas Maulfelt und Albert von Sachsen in Gegenüberstellung mit einer zeitgenössischen Position
Jun 2003
Book
As the title indicates the author presents a contemporary theory of consequence. In so doing he establishes a terminology that enables a description interpretation and evaluation of medieval theory independently of medieval vocabulary.
In the interest of better understanding the medieval writers the author puts himself in the position of the medieval scholar in Erfurt. The reader learns about the Erfurt schools and the controversal debate on the so-called modi significandi using only texts that are known to have been available in Erfurt in the first half of the 14th century.
The two tracts a short epitome of Thomas Maulfelt and a comprehensive volume of Albert of Saxony represent the two most common tracts of this discipline and are discussed on the basis of questions arising in the introduction. New conclusions can be reached about the scope and the goal of medieval consequence theory which is an original accomplishment of the high Middle Ages and its place in the history of logic.
Der Ankündigung im Titel gehorchend stellt der Autor eine zeitgenössische Theorie zu Schlußfolgerung dar. Somit wird eine Terminologie erstellt in der — unabhängig von der Fachsprache des Mittelalters – die verschiedenen Ausführungen zur Schlußfolgerungslehre des Spätmittelalters beschreiben interpretiert und bewertet werden können.
Um die mittelalterlichen Autoren Thomas Maulfelt und Albert von Sachsen zu verstehen versetzt sich der Autor in die Perspektive eines Scholars im Erfurt der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts. Der Leser wird über die Schulsituation in Erfurt unterrichtet er erfährt von der hitzigen Debatte um die modi significandi und blickt zur weiteren Erläuterung lediglich in solche Schriften deren Vorkommen für die Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts in Erfurt belegbar sind.
Anhand von Fragestellungen die sich aus dem Einleitungsteil ableiten werden die zwei Traktate die in Form Inhalt und Umfang die zwei häufigsten Schrifttypen zur Schlußfolgerungslehre repräsentieren untersucht. So ergeben sich zur Anwendungreichweite zur Zielsetzung dieser Disziplin die eine originäre Leistung des hohen Mittelalters ist sowie zu ihrem Stellenwert in der Logikgeschichte neue Erkenntnisse.
In the interest of better understanding the medieval writers the author puts himself in the position of the medieval scholar in Erfurt. The reader learns about the Erfurt schools and the controversal debate on the so-called modi significandi using only texts that are known to have been available in Erfurt in the first half of the 14th century.
The two tracts a short epitome of Thomas Maulfelt and a comprehensive volume of Albert of Saxony represent the two most common tracts of this discipline and are discussed on the basis of questions arising in the introduction. New conclusions can be reached about the scope and the goal of medieval consequence theory which is an original accomplishment of the high Middle Ages and its place in the history of logic.
Der Ankündigung im Titel gehorchend stellt der Autor eine zeitgenössische Theorie zu Schlußfolgerung dar. Somit wird eine Terminologie erstellt in der — unabhängig von der Fachsprache des Mittelalters – die verschiedenen Ausführungen zur Schlußfolgerungslehre des Spätmittelalters beschreiben interpretiert und bewertet werden können.
Um die mittelalterlichen Autoren Thomas Maulfelt und Albert von Sachsen zu verstehen versetzt sich der Autor in die Perspektive eines Scholars im Erfurt der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts. Der Leser wird über die Schulsituation in Erfurt unterrichtet er erfährt von der hitzigen Debatte um die modi significandi und blickt zur weiteren Erläuterung lediglich in solche Schriften deren Vorkommen für die Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts in Erfurt belegbar sind.
Anhand von Fragestellungen die sich aus dem Einleitungsteil ableiten werden die zwei Traktate die in Form Inhalt und Umfang die zwei häufigsten Schrifttypen zur Schlußfolgerungslehre repräsentieren untersucht. So ergeben sich zur Anwendungreichweite zur Zielsetzung dieser Disziplin die eine originäre Leistung des hohen Mittelalters ist sowie zu ihrem Stellenwert in der Logikgeschichte neue Erkenntnisse.
Dictionary of the Prague School of Linguistics
Jun 2003
Book
This is the first English version of a text out of print for more than 40 years summarising the positions and key concepts of an influential stream of linguistic thought. Using quotations as entries J. Vachek (1909-1997) a leading advocate of the Prague School employed more than 160 sources papers and monographs by well over 30 representatives of the school (Mathesius Trnka Skalička Daneš Dokulil Mukařovský Jakobson Trubetzkoy Isachenko and others). The dictionary both captures the pioneering efforts and achievements of the school from its foundation in 1926 and provides a framework for assessing the current state of affairs attesting to its originality and serving as a preventive to treading paths already explored. The headword concepts are provided with French German and Czech equivalents and Vachek's original preface is supplemented by a foreword which traces the development of the school up to the present date and puts it into perspective.
Contact Englishes of the Eastern Caribbean
Jun 2003
Book
Contact Englishes of the Eastern Caribbean is the first collection to focus via primary linguistic fieldwork on the underrepresented and neglected area of the Anglophone Eastern Caribbean. The following islands are included: The Virgin Islands (USA & British) Anguilla Barbuda Dominica St. Lucia Carriacou Barbados Trinidad and Guyana. In an effort to be as inclusive as possible the contiguous areas of the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos islands (often considered part of North American Englishes) are also included. Papers in this volume explore all aspects of language study including syntax phonology historical linguistics dialectology sociolinguistics ethnography and performance. It should be of interest not only to creolists but also to linguists anthropologists sociologists and educators either in the Caribbean itself or those who work with schoolchildren of West Indian descent.
Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems
Jun 2003
Book
Address term systems and their diachronic developments are discussed in a wide range of European languages in this volume. Most chapters focus on pronominal systems and in particular on the criteria that govern the choices between a more intimate and a more distant or polite pronoun as for instance thou and you in Early Modern English vos and vuestra merced in sixteenth century Spanish or du and Sie in Modern German. Several contributions deal with situations in which more than two terms can be used and several also note co-occurrence patterns of pronominal and nominal forms of address. The volume provides a multivaried picture of the evolutionary lines of address term systems and a representative range of current approaches from pragmatics and sociolinguistics to conversation analysis. It is thus a timely contribution to the rapidly expanding field of historical pragmatics.
Richard Billingham “De Consequentiis” mit Toledo-Kommentar : Kritisch herausgegeben, eingeleitet und kommentiert
May 2003
Book
The theory of consequences is one of the most important developments of medieval logic and was an integral part of the logic curricula at universities. One of the most famous authors of school tracts in the 14th century was Richard Billingham who was well known for his Speculum puerorum a famous and influential text in the 14th and 15th century. This book includes the critical editions of three copies of Billingham's tract De consequentiis and the edition of the Toledo commentary on this tract. Apart from these texts the book will consider some short school tracts of Billingham's contemporaries as well as the elaborated treatises on the consequences in Ockham's Summa logicae and Burleigh's De putitate artis logicae. The introduction gives information about the author the historical context and the latest developments of research. The concept of consequences in the British tradition is discussed in the detailed commentary on Billingham's tract which follows the editions.Die Folgerungslehre ist eine der bedeutendsten Entwicklungen mittelalterlicher Logik und war integraler Bestandteil der Logik-Curricula an den Universitäten. Zu den bedeutendsten Autoren von Schultraktaten im 14. Jh. zählt Richard Billingham Autor des Speculum puerorum einem berühmten und einflußreichen Text über das Beweisen von Aussagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält die kritischen Editionen dreier Kopien von Billinghams Traktat Über die Folgerungen (De consequentiis) und die Edition des Toledo-Kommentars zu diesem Traktat. Darüber hinaus werden in der Arbeit einige zeitgenössische Schultraktate sowie die ausgearbeiteten Abhandlungen zu den Folgerungen in Ockhams Summa logicae und Burleighs Traktat De puritate artis logicae berücksichtigt. Die Einleitung informiert über den historischen Kontext den gegenwärtigen Forschungsstand sowie über den Autor und sein Werk. Den Editionen schließt sich ein ausführlicher Kommentar an in dem der Folgerungsbegriff der Britischen Tradition diskutiert wird und der dem Leser weitere Hilfen zum Verständnis des Textes bietet.
Discourse Constructions of Youth Identities
May 2003
Book
This volume sets out to foreground the issues of youth identity in the context of current sociolinguistic and discourse research on identity construction. Based on detailed empirical analyses the twelve chapters offer examinations of how youth identities from late childhood up to early twenties are locally constructed in text and talk. The settings and types of social organization investigated range from private letters to graffiti from peer group talk to video clips from schoolyard to prison. Comparably a wide range of languages is brought into focus including Danish German Greek Japanese and Turkish. Drawing on various discourse analytic paradigms (e.g. Critical Discourse Analysis Conversation Analysis) the contributions examine and question notions with currency in the field such as young people's linguistic creativity and resistance to mainstream norms. At the same time they demonstrate the embeddedness of constructions of youth identities in local activities and communities of practice where they interact with other social identities and factors in particular gender and ethnicity.
Computers and Translation : A translator's guide
May 2003
Book
This volume is about computers and translation. It is not however a Computer Science book nor does it have much to say about Translation Theory. Rather it is a book for translators and other professional linguists (technical writers bilingual secretaries language teachers even) which aims at clarifying explaining and exemplifying the impact that computers have had and are having on their profession. It is about Machine Translation (MT) but it is also about Computer-Aided (or -Assisted) Translation (CAT) computer-based resources for translators the past present and future of translation and the computer.
The editor and main contributor Harold Somers is Professor of Language Engineering at UMIST (Manchester). With over 25 years’ experience in the field both as a researcher and educator Somers is editor of one of the field’s premier journals and has written extensively on the subject including the field’s most widely quoted textbook on MT now out of print and somewhat out of date.
The current volume aims to provide an accessible yet not overwhelmingly technical book aimed primarily at translators and other users of CAT software.
The editor and main contributor Harold Somers is Professor of Language Engineering at UMIST (Manchester). With over 25 years’ experience in the field both as a researcher and educator Somers is editor of one of the field’s premier journals and has written extensively on the subject including the field’s most widely quoted textbook on MT now out of print and somewhat out of date.
The current volume aims to provide an accessible yet not overwhelmingly technical book aimed primarily at translators and other users of CAT software.
Framing and Perspectivising in Discourse
May 2003
Book
In discourse verbal messages are framed: speakers offer cues on the basis of which hearers are able to anchor the verbal message to the context. Furthermore speakers cannot contribute to the discourse without at the same time showing their view on the subject matter of the discourse: the content of a discourse is necessarily ‘displayed’ from a certain perspective. Both the framing and perspectivising of verbal messages are not static but subject to possible changes during the development of the discourse. Both concepts function at the intersection of a psychological-cognitive and a social-functional approach to discourse. In this volume eight contributions are brought together which offer theoretical tools for describing and explaining framing and perspectivising devices in the production and comprehension of discourse and apply them to the analysis of several types of discourse such as political satire letters-to-the-editor everyday narrations and newspaper reports.
Accessibility and Acceptability in Technical Manuals : A survey of style and grammatical metaphor
May 2003
Book
Accessibility and Acceptability in Technical Manuals is written for an audience with a general interest in readability studies linguistics and technical writing. With the main emphasis on technical manuals the book is primarily targeted at those who have a special interest in the design and use of utility texts and how these texts are received and understood by a multifaceted audience. Accessibility is not a new research area and many explanations have been offered over the past years as to why non-experts often have difficulties in comprehending texts written by technological experts. This book offers a new approach to accessibility studies by exploring not only style but also attitudes to style by asking text consumers which style they prefer for different parts of the manual. A key role is played by the Systemic Functional Linguistics' notion of grammatical metaphor a stylistic choice that is commonly used in technical literature. Grammatical metaphor — although apparently obstructing the comprehension process of some readers — is a common element in the preferred style that separates the ‘insiders’ from the ‘outsiders’. An explanation of this rather surprising result is offered by resorting to Critical Discourse Analysis.
Discussing Conversation Analysis : The work of Emanuel A. Schegloff
Apr 2003
Book
Discussing Conversation Analysis: The work of Emanuel A. Schegloff presents an in-depth view on Schegloff’s complex and stimulating work in Conversation Analysis (CA) and offers clear insights into how it has and may be developed further as a research tool in social psychology social science artificial intelligence and linguistics.
What is the status of fine-grained empirical studies of human interaction in CA and how does CA relate to other approaches to linguistic interaction?
What is Schegloff’s contribution to CA and how does his work relate to that of Goffman Garfinkel and Sacks?
How does CA distinguish its own analytical tools and terms from the categories of the participants in talk?
What can CA reveal about human-computer interaction?
What can CA contribute to the neurosciences in the study diagnosis and treatment of linguistically impaired individuals?
How does CA account for the socio-historical dimension of the material and semiotic resources that participants co-deploy in talk?
By addressing these and other questions this volume proposes a critical guide to CA and its applications with an extraordinary interview with Emanuel A. Schegloff and new contributions towards a debate on his work by six commentators — conversation analysts (John Heritage and Charles Goodwin) critics (Rick Iedema and Pär Segerdahl) and appliers of CA in the study of human-computer interaction (Pirkko Raudaskoski) and language disorders (Ruth Lesser).
Schegloff’s Response and a closing discussion with the editors conclude the volume which also features a comprehensive bibliography of his work edited by Susan Eerdmans.
Emanuel A. Schegloff is Professor of Sociology with a joint appointment in Applied Linguistics at the University of California Los Angeles. Educated at Harvard and the University of California Berkeley he has taught at Columbia University as well as at UCLA. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship and was a resident Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1978–79) and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Stanford (1998–99).
What is the status of fine-grained empirical studies of human interaction in CA and how does CA relate to other approaches to linguistic interaction?
What is Schegloff’s contribution to CA and how does his work relate to that of Goffman Garfinkel and Sacks?
How does CA distinguish its own analytical tools and terms from the categories of the participants in talk?
What can CA reveal about human-computer interaction?
What can CA contribute to the neurosciences in the study diagnosis and treatment of linguistically impaired individuals?
How does CA account for the socio-historical dimension of the material and semiotic resources that participants co-deploy in talk?
By addressing these and other questions this volume proposes a critical guide to CA and its applications with an extraordinary interview with Emanuel A. Schegloff and new contributions towards a debate on his work by six commentators — conversation analysts (John Heritage and Charles Goodwin) critics (Rick Iedema and Pär Segerdahl) and appliers of CA in the study of human-computer interaction (Pirkko Raudaskoski) and language disorders (Ruth Lesser).
Schegloff’s Response and a closing discussion with the editors conclude the volume which also features a comprehensive bibliography of his work edited by Susan Eerdmans.
Emanuel A. Schegloff is Professor of Sociology with a joint appointment in Applied Linguistics at the University of California Los Angeles. Educated at Harvard and the University of California Berkeley he has taught at Columbia University as well as at UCLA. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship and was a resident Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1978–79) and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Stanford (1998–99).
Quantum Closures and Disclosures : Thinking-together postphenomenology and quantum brain dynamics
Apr 2003
Book
Quantum Closures and Disclosures thinks together two seemingly irreconcilable discourses: An application of quantum field theory to brain functioning called quantum brain dynamics and the continental postphenomenological tradition especially the work of Martin Heidegger and Jacques Derrida. Underlying both developments is a new ontology of nonCartesian dual modes whose rich provenance is their "between." World is disclosed in the lumen naturale of dual modes belonging-together in their between; all presencing is a function of a "~conjugate" form of match in the between. This surprising rapprochement between a powerful tradition within continental philosophy and the 20th-century quantum revolution in science is fruitfully applied to crucial issues in philosophy brain science mathematics and psychiatry.
Related Titles: Quantum Brain Dynamics and Consciousness: An introduction edited by Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue (1995) and My Double Unveiled: The dissipative quantum model of the brain by Giuseppe Vitiello (2001)
Related Titles: Quantum Brain Dynamics and Consciousness: An introduction edited by Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue (1995) and My Double Unveiled: The dissipative quantum model of the brain by Giuseppe Vitiello (2001)
Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology
Apr 2003
Book
This book puts together contributions of linguists and psycholinguists whose main interest here is the representation of Semitic words in the mental lexicon of Semitic language speakers. The central topic of the book confronts two views about the morphology of Semitic words. The point of the argument is: Should we see Semitic words’ morphology as “root-based” or “word-based?” The proponents of the root-based approach present empirical evidence demonstrating that Semitic language speakers are sensitive to the root and the template as the two basic elements (bound morphemes) of Semitic words. Those supporting the word-based approach present arguments to the effect that Semitic word formation is not based on the merging of roots and templates but that Semitic words are comprised of word stems and affixes like we find in Indo-European languages. The variety of evidence and arguments for each claim should force the interested readers to reconsider their views on Semitic morphology.