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This volume unites various contributions reflecting the intellectual interests exhibited by Professor Herman Parret (Institute of Philosophy Leuven) who has continued to observe and often critically assess ongoing developments in pragmatics throughout his career. In fact Parret’s contributions to philosophical and empirical/linguistic pragmatics present substantive proposals in the epistemics of communication while simultaneously offering meta-comments on the ideological premises of extant pragmatic analyses. In a lengthy introduction an overview is provided of his achievements in promoting an integrated “maximalist” pragmatics as well as of the links between his own work in philosophy of language and in semiotics and aesthetics. The remaining 12 essays address relevant pragmatic themes or look into the relation between pragmatics and neighboring disciplines. They deal with grammatical deixis (Brisard Ikegami) and mood (van der Auwera & Schalley) performativity (Harnish Holdcroft) speech-act types and their praxeological dimensions (Roulet Van Overbeke) Wittgensteinian language games (Marques Parisi) cultural and intercultural identities (Vandenabeele Verschueren) and the visual arts (Wildgen).

This book brings together an international team of leading translation teachers and researchers to address concerns that are central in translation pedagogy. The authors address the location and weighting in translation curricula of learning and training theory and practice and the relationships between the profession its practitioners its professors and scholars. They explore the concepts of translator competence skills and capacities and two papers report empirical studies designed to explore effects of the use of translation in language teaching. These are complemented by papers on student achievement and attitudes to translation in programmes that are not primarily designed with prospective translators in mind and by papers that discuss language teaching within dedicated translation programmes. The introduction and the closing paper consider some causes and consequences of the odd relationships that speakers of English have to other languages to translation and ultimately perhaps to their "own" language.

This book is one of the pioneering historical pragmatic studies of Japanese. It closely illustrates the usage and contributions of some Japanese discourse markers and reveals their developmental history. The section on Synchronic Analysis explores the previously uninvestigated functions of some discourse markers used in Present Day Japanese. Moment by moment in on-going conversations where culturally rigidly-defined interactional norms are highly valued a specific marker is chosen and used by the speakers as their strategy based on their quite subjective judgment. The section on Diachronic Analysis then demonstrates chronologically how the meanings and forms of the same markers have come into being. Results include some noticeable changes related to the strengthened intersubjectivity. This multi-dimensional study also discusses the relevance of findings to typological characteristics and productivity. Consideration is further given to why certain expressions (rather than others) become discourse markers and independent forms in Japanese.

Unlike most monographs on Spanish phonology and morphology that approach these topics from a structuralist or generativist framework this volume is written from a less traditional point of view. More specifically it emphasizes quantitative evidence from sources such as usage-based studies psycholinguistic experiments corpus data and computer simulations. Arguments are presented to demonstrate that these kinds of evidence are crucial for establishing theories of language that relate to the psychological mechanisms involved in producing and comprehending speech in contrast to theories about abstract linguistic structure. A range of topics is covered including morphological parsing nominalization stress syllable structure diphthongization gender morphophonemic alternations and epenthesis. An appendix is included that serves as a primer on quantitative linguistic research. It discusses how some of the cited experiments were carried out provides an introduction to statistical analysis and discusses tools that are available for conducting quantitative research on the Spanish language.

Eat up the apple or Eat the apple up? Is there any difference in the messages each of these alternative forms sends? If there isn’t why bother to keep both? On the other hand is there any semantic similarity between eat the apple up and break the glass to pieces? This study takes a fresh look at a still controversial issue of phrasal verbs and their alternate word order applying sign-oriented theory and methodology. Unlike other analyses it asserts that there is a semantic distinction between the two word order variants phrasal verbs may appear in. In order to test this distinction the author analyzes a large corpus of data and also uses translation into a language having a clear morphological distinction between resultative/non-resultative forms (Russian). As follows from the analysis English has morphological and syntactic tools to express resultative meaning which allows suggesting a new lexico-grammatical category – resultativeness.

The papers in this volume are linked by a common concern which is at the centre of current linguistic enquiry: how do we classify and categorize linguistic data and how does this process add to our understanding of linguistic change? The scene is set by Aitchison’s paper on the development of linguistic categorization over the past few decades followed by Biggam’s critical overview of theoretical developments in colour semantics. Lexical classification in action is discussed in papers by Fischer Kay and Sylvester on the structures of thesauruses while detailed treatments of particular semantic areas are offered by Kleparski Mikołajczuk O’Hare and Peters. Papers by Lass Laing and Williamson and Smith are concerned with the nature of linguistic evidence in the context of the historical record offering new insights into text typology scribal language and vowel classification. Much of the data discussed is new and original.

This volume gives an easily accessible yet comprehensive sophisticated and example-rich introduction to Construction Grammar as it has been developed from the early 1980’s by Charles J. Fillmore and his associates. It also provides a succinct account of the historical and intellectual background of the model and shows how Construction Grammar can easily be applied to typologically very different languages and to a variety of language-specific phenomena. All of the contributors to the volume came out of the Fillmorean school at UC-Berkeley and have worked consistently on applying and further developing the model in various domains of linguistic analysis.The 'Thumbnail sketch' by Fried & Östman is the only extensive introduction published so far to Fillmorean Construction Grammar.

This book is intended as a systemic functional contribution to language typology both for those who would like to understand and describe particular languages against the background of generalizations about a wide range of languages and also for those who would like to develop typological accounts that are based on and embody descriptions of the systems of particular languages (rather than isolated constructions). The book is a unique contribution in at least two respects. On the one hand it is the first book based on systemic functional theory that is specifically concerned with language typology. On the other hand the book combines the particular with the general in the description of languages: it presents comparable sketches of particular languages while at the same time identifying generalizations based on the languages described here as well as on other languages.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume explores eight languages covering seven language families: French German Pitjantjatjara Tagalog Telugu Vietnamese Chinese and Japanese.

Corpus-aided language pedagogy is one of the central application areas of corpus methodologies and a test bed for theories of language and learning. This volume provides an overview of current trends offering methodological and theoretical position statements along with results from empirical studies. The relationship between corpora and learning is examined from complementary perspectives — the study of learner language the didactic use of corpus findings and the interaction between corpora and their users. Reflections on current theory and technology open and close the volume.With its focus on the learner and the learning setting Corpora and Language Learners is addressed to corpus linguists with an interest in learner language applied linguists wishing to expand their understanding of corpora and their pedagogic potential and language teachers wishing to critically assess the relevance of work in this field.

This volume grew out of selected presentations at the 5th Teaching and Language Corpora conference in Bertinoro Italy.

Counter-narratives only make sense in relation to something else that which they are countering. The very name identifies it as a positional category in tension with another category. But what is dominant and what is resistant are not of course static questions but rather are forever shifting placements. The discussion of counter-narratives is ultimately a consideration of multiple layers of positioning. The fluidity of these relational categories is what lies at the center of the chapters and commentaries collected in this book. The book comprises six target chapters by leading scholars in the field. Twenty-two commentators discuss these chapters from a number of diverse vantage points followed by responses from the six original authors. A final chapter by the editor of the book series concludes the book.

This collection of original papers by eminent phoneticians linguists and sociologists offers the most recent findings on phonetic design in interactional discourse available in an edited collection. The chapters examine the organization of phonetic detail in relation to social actions in talk-in-interaction based on data drawn from diverse languages: Japanese English Finnish and German as well as from diverse speakers: children fluent adults and adults with language loss. Because similar methodology is deployed for the investigation of similar conversational tasks in different languages the collection paves the way towards a cross-linguistic phonology for conversation. The studies reported in the volume make it clear that language-specific constraints are at work in determining exactly which phonetic and prosodic resources are deployed for a given purpose and how they articulate with grammar in different cultures and speech communities.

Chinese as an aspect language has played an important role in the development of aspect theory. This book is a systematic and structured exploration of the linguistic devices that Mandarin Chinese employs to express aspectual meanings. The work presented here is the first corpus-based account of aspect in Chinese encompassing both situation aspect and viewpoint aspect. In using corpus data the book seeks to achieve a marriage between theory-driven and corpus-based approaches to linguistics. The corpus-based model presented explores aspect at both the semantic and grammatical levels. At the semantic level a two-level model of situation aspect is proposed which covers both the lexical and sentential levels thus giving a better account of the compositional nature of situation aspect. At the grammatical level four perfective and four imperfective aspects in Chinese are explored in detail. This exploration corrects many intuition-based misconceptions and associated misleading conclusions about aspect in Chinese common in the literature.

In the modular design of generative theory the syntax–semantics interface has accounted all along for meanings at the level of Logical Form. The syntax–pragmatics interface on the other hand is the result of what one may call the ‘pragmatic turn’ in the linguistic theory where content is partitioned into given and new information. In other words the structural division of the clause has been subjected to criteria of information or discourse structure. Both interfaces require a structurally descriptive inventory whose specific shapes can be motivated on theory-internal grounds only. The present collection of original articles develops the concept of these interfaces further. The papers in the first section focus on the syntax–semantics interface those in the second section on the syntax–pragmatics interface.

This new collection of contributions to the field of Cognitive Technology (CT) provides the (to date) widest spectrum of the state of the art in the discipline — a disciple dedicated to humane factors in tool design. The reader will find here a summary of past research as well as an overview of new areas for future investigations. The collection contains an extensive CT agenda identifying many as yet unsolved CT-related design issues. An exciting new development is the concept of ‘natural technology’. Some examples of natural technologies are discussed and the merits of empirical investigations (into what they are and how they develop) of interest to cognitive scientists and designers of new (corrective digital) technologies are pointed out. Another distinctive feature of the collection is that it provides examples of scientists’ tools; important too is its emphasis on ethics in tool design. The collection ends with a provocative coda (any responses can appear in the new annual CT forum of the Pragmatics and Cognition journal). The collection will appeal to all scientists humanists and professionals interested in the interface between human cognitive processes and the technologies that augment them.

On March 7 1277 Etienne Tempier Bishop of Paris condemned a list of 219 theological and philosophical theses. This condemnation had a lasting impact on the teaching of philosophy and theology at the late-medieval universities and many philosophical and theological texts of this time contain references to the “Parisian articles.” In the fifteenth century probably in Paris between 1418 and 1454 an anonymous commentary on this well-known document was written which is presented here for the first time. A quotation in the treatise De universali reali by Jean de Maisonneuve (Johannes de Nova Domo) allowed tracing this text back to the circle of this Parisian master.

Apart from the first critical edition of the commentary on the basis of all seven known manuscripts the volume also contains a comprehensive analysis of the text. The detailed discussion of philosophical and theological problems such as God’s absolute and ordained power (potentia Dei absoluta et ordinata) is accompanied by a historical analysis of the validity of the condemnation. The volume is completed by an appendix which contains further texts as well as indexes of authorities and names.

Am 7. März 1277 verurteilte der Pariser Bischof Stephan Tempier 219 philosophische und theologische Thesen. Diese Verurteilung hatte einen lang andauernden Einfluss auf die philosophische und theologische Lehrtätigkeit an den spätmittelalterlichen Universitäten und viele philosophische und theologische Texte dieser Zeit enthalten Hinweise auf die »Pariser Artikel«. Zu diesem wohlbekannten Verurteilungsdekret entstand im 15. Jahrhundert vermutlich in Paris zwischen 1418 und 1454 ein anonym überlieferter Kommentar der hier erstmalig vorgestellt wird. Aufgrund eines Zitats in der Abhandlung De universali reali des Jean de Maisonneuve (Johannes de Nova Domo) konnte dieser Text dem Umfeld dieses Pariser Magisters zugeordnet werden.

Neben der ersten kritischen Edition des Kommentars auf der Grundlage aller sieben bekannten Handschriften enthält der Band auch eine umfassende Analyse des Textes. Die detaillierte Diskussion philosophischer und theologischer Probleme wie Gottes prinzipiell uneingeschränkter Macht (potentia Dei absoluta) und seiner tatsächlich eingeschränkten Machtausübung innerhalb der von ihm gewollten Ordnung (potentia Dei ordinata) wird begleitet von einer historischen Analyse der Rechtskräftigkeit der Verurteilung. Der Band wird vervollständigt durch einen Anhang mit weiteren Texteditionen und abgerundet durch umfangreiche Indizes.

The late twentieth-century transition from a paper-oriented to a media-oriented society has triggered the emergence of Audiovisual Translation as the most dynamic and fastest developing trend within Translation Studies. The growing interest in this area is a clear indication that this discipline is going to set the agenda for the theory research training and practice of translation in the twenty-first century. Even so this remains a largely underdeveloped field and much needs to be done to put Screen Translation Multimedia Translation or the wider implications of Audiovisual Translation on a par with other fields within Translation Studies. In this light this collection of essays reflects not only the “state of the art” in the research and teaching of Audiovisual Translation but also the professionals’ experiences. The different contributions cover issues ranging from reflections on professional activities to theory the impact of ideology on Audiovisual Translation and the practices of teaching and researching this new and challenging discipline.In expanding further the ground covered by the John Benjamins’ book (Multi)Media Translation (2001) this book seeks to provide readers with a deeper insight into some of the specific concepts problems aims and terminology of Audiovisual Translation and by this token to make these specificities emerge from within the wider nexus of Translation Studies Film Studies and Media Studies. In a quickly developing technical audiovisual world Audiovisual Translation Studies is set to become the academic field that will address the complex cultural issues of a pervasively media-oriented society.

This volume contains a selection of fifteen papers presented at three consecutive meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics held in Washington D.C. (January 2001); Coimbra Portugal (June 2001); and San Francisco (January 2002). The fifteen articles offer a balanced sampling of creolists’ current research interests. All of the contributions address questions directly relevant to pidgin/creole studies and other contact languages. The majority of papers address issues of morphology or syntax. Some of the contributions make use of phonological analysis while others study language development from the point of view of acquisition. A few papers examine discourse strategies and style or broader issues of social and ethnic identity. While this array of topics and perspectives is reflective of the diversity of the field there is also much common ground in that all of the papers adduce solid data corpora to support their analyses. The range of languages analyzed spans the planet as approximately twenty contact varieties are studied in this volume.

Every five years the Permanent International Committee of Linguists (CIPL) organises a world congress for linguists. And every five years the Committee faces the challenge of presenting a programme at the highest possible level. The CIPL Executive Committee decided for the Congress planned for 2003 in Prague to focus on four major topics which play an important role in today’s linguistic debate: 1. Typology 2. Endangered Languages 3. Methodology and Linguistics (including fieldwork) and 4. Language and the mind. Leading experts have introduced the four themes in their plenary lectures in the course of the congress which served as a basis for the articles presented in the current volume. This book should be a welcome tool for all linguists wishing to find their way quickly in current developments. A CD-Rom containing the full proceedings of the Prague Congress is included.

This book examines in detail the acceptability status of sentences in the following five English constructions and elucidates the syntactic semantic and functional requirements that the constructions must satisfy in order to be appropriately used: There-Construction (One’s) Way Construction Cognate Object Construction Pseudo-Passive Construction and Extraposition from Subject NPs. It has been argued in the frameworks of Chomskyan generative grammar relational grammar conceptual semantics and other syntactic theories that the acceptability of sentences in these constructions can be accounted for by the unergative–unaccusative distinction of intransitive verbs. However this book shows through a wide range of sentences that none of these constructions is sensitive to this distinction. For each construction it shows that acceptability status is determined by a given sentence's semantic function as it interacts with syntactic constraints (which are independent of the unergative–unaccusative distinction) and with functional constraints that apply to it in its discourse context.

As a subject of universal appeal spatial demonstratives have been studied extensively from a variety of disciplines. What marks the present study as distinct is that it is an English-Chinese comparative study set in a cognitive-linguistic framework and that the methodology features a parallel corpora-based discourse analysis approach. The framework illuminates the nature of the demonstratives’ basic and extended meaning and use the connections between them and the mechanisms that govern and constrain their trends of extension. The corpora place the English and Chinese demonstratives in comparable discourse contexts and processes providing an “ecological” environment for the observation of how their behavior fits into the respective structural and discourse systems of the two languages. The study also illuminates important issues such as the subjectivity of language language as a representational system and a vehicle of communication the interface between form and function and the role of context in discourse comprehension.

This collection of twenty-nine research papers is dedicated to the eminent Balticist Slavicist and Indo-Europeanist William R. Schmalstieg in commemoration of his seventy-fifth birthday. It contains contributions by specialists of mainly Baltic and Indo-European linguistics which are reflective of Schmalstieg's own scholarly interests over the decades of his career including technical aspects of Baltic and Indo-European phonology morphology and syntax etymology language universals the history of linguistics and the Baltic text tradition. Contributors include prominent scholars from the United States and Europe both east and west. All papers are in English and all linguistic material in less commonly known languages is provided with an English translation making the contents accessible to a wider audience of readers.

Through the development of a valid and reliable instrument this book sets out to study the role that interpreters play in the various settings where they work i.e. the courts the hospitals business meetings international conferences and schools. It presents interpreters’ perceptions and beliefs about their work as well as statements of their behaviors about their practice. For the first time the administration and results of a survey administered across languages in Canada Mexico and the United States offer the reader a glimpse of the interpreters' views in their own words. It also discusses the tension between professional ideology and the reality of interpreters at work. This book has implications for the theory and practice of interpreting across settings.

This book results from a group meeting held at the Institute for Scientific Exchange in Torino Italy. The central aim was for scientists to “think together” in new ways with those in the humanities inspired by quantum theory and especially quantum brain theory. These fields of inquiry have suffered conceptual estrangement but now are ripe for rapprochement if academic parochialism is put aside. A prevalent theme of the book is a moving away from individual elements and individual actors acting upon each other toward a coordinate hermeneutic dynamics that manifests as a coherent totality. Among the topics covered are image in photography and in neuroscience; language; time; brain and mathematics; quantum brain dynamics and quantum communication.

When the first European missionaries arrived on other continents it was decided that the indigenous languages would be used as the means of christianization. There emerged the need to produce grammars and dictionaries of those languages. The study of this linguistic material has so far not received sufficient attention in the field of linguistic historiography. This volume is the first published collection of papers on missionary linguistics world-wide; it represents the insights of recent research containing an introduction and papers on methodology meta-historiography the historical and cultural background. The book contains studies about early-modern linguistic works written in Spanish Portuguese English and French describing among others indigenous languages from North America and Australia Maya Quechua Xhosa Japanese Kapampangan and Visaya. Topics dealt with include: innovations of individual missionaries in lexicography grammatical analysis phonology morphology or syntax; creativity in descriptive techniques; differences and/or similarities of works from different continents and different religious backgrounds (Catholic or Protestant).

This book presents the multifunctional nature of pragmatic discourse markers in English and Catalan oral narratives from the point of view of text linguistics and contrastive analysis. It is argued that English and Catalan markers are distributed and operate differently at four different levels in the varied discourse structures of the text i.e. at the ideational the rhetorical the sequential and the inferential levels. The results confirm the distinctions in functional-systemic levels and indicate that the nature of the two languages has a direct influence on the presence and nature of markers in the texts. The study is built up on a corpus of English and Catalan elicited narratives of native speakers adopting the sociolinguistic Labovian framework adapted to the situation of educated adults.

The study results in a better understanding of the contribution of pragmatic markers to the organization and the interpretation of oral texts bringing insights from relevance and cognitive approaches to text structure and moving from descriptive to theoretical levels of analysis and discussion.