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This book approaches cohesion and coherence from a perspective of interaction and collaboration. After a detailed account of various models of cohesion and coherence the book suggests that it is fruitful to regard cohesion as contributing to coherence as a strategy used by communicators to help their fellow communicators create coherence from a text. Throughout the book the context-sensitive and discourse-specific nature of cohesion is stressed: cohesive relations are created and interpreted in particular texts in particular contexts. By investigating the use of cohesion in four different types of discourse the study shows that cohesion is not uniform across discourse types. The analysis reveals that written dialogue (computer-mediated discussions) and spoken monologue (prepared speech) make use of similar cohesive strategies as spoken dialogue (conversations): in these contexts the communicators’ interaction with their fellow communicators leads to a similar outcome. The book suggests that this is an indication of the communicators’ attempt to collaborate towards successful communication.

This volume interfaces three fields of linguistics rarely discussed in the same context. Its underlying theme is linguistic variation and the ways in which historical linguists and dialectologists may learn from insights offered by typology and vice versa. The aim of the contributions is to raise the awareness of these linguistic subdisciplines of each other and to encourage their cross-fertilization to their mutual benefit. If linguistic typology is to unify the study of all types of linguistic variation this variation both diatopic and diachronic will enrich typological research itself. With the aim of capturing the relevant dimensions of variation the studies in this volume make use of new methodologies including electronic corpora and databases which enable cross- and intralinguistic comparisons dialectally and across time. Based on original research and unified by an innovative theme the volume will be of interest to both students and teachers of linguistics and Germanic languages.

University students must cope with a bewildering array of registers not only to learn academic content but also to understand course expectations and requirements. While many previous studies have investigated academic writing we know comparatively little about academic speech; and no linguistic study to date has investigated the range of academic and advising/management registers that students encounter. This book is a first step towards filling this gap. Based on analysis of the T2K-SWAL Corpus the book describes university registers from several different perspectives including: vocabulary patterns; the use of lexico-grammatical and syntactic features; the expression of stance; the use of extended collocations ('lexical bundles'); and a Multi-Dimensional analysis of the overall patterns of register variation. All linguistic patterns are interpreted in functional terms resulting in an overall characterization of the typical kinds of language that students encounter in university registers: academic and non-academic; spoken and written.

Space is presently the focus of much research and debate across disciplines including linguistics anthropology psychology and philosophy. One strong feature of this collection is to bring together theoretical and empirical contributions from these varied scientific traditions with the collective aim of addressing fundamental questions at the forefront of the current literature: the nature of space in language the linguistic relativity of space the relation between spatial language and cognition. Linguistic analyses highlight the multidimensional and heterogeneous nature of space while also showing the existence of a set of types parameters and principles organizing the considerable diversity of linguistic systems and accounting for mechanisms of diachronic change. Findings concerning spatial perception and cognition suggest the existence of two distinct systems governing linguistic and non-linguistic representations that only partially overlap in some pathologies but they also show the strong impact of language-specific factors on the course of language acquisition and cognitive development.

Over the past two decades international trade agreements such as GATT and NAFTA have lowered international trade barriers. At the same time the information revolution has fueled profound shifts in the ways companies conduct business and communicate with their customers and worldwide acceptance of the ISO 9000 standard has established the notion that quality must be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. Falling trade barriers and rising quality standards have made linguistic and cultural issues increasingly important. To successfully compete in today’s global on-demand economy companies must localize their products and services to fit the needs of the local market in terms of language culture functionality work practices as well as legal and regulatory requirements. In recognition of the growing importance of localization this volume explores a certain number of key issues including:





• Return on investment and the localization business case

• Localization cost drivers and cost-containment strategies

• Localization quality and customer-focused quality management

• Challenges posed by localization of games including Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs)

• Using a meta-language to facilitate accurate translation of disembodied content

• The case for managing source-language terminology

• Terminology management in the localization process

• Reconciling industry needs and academic objectives in localization education

• Localization standards and the commoditization of linguistic information

• The creation and application of language industry standards

• Rethinking customer-focused localization through user-centered design

• Moving from

translation reuse to language reuse

The Minimalism Program is many things to many researchers and there are by now many alternative versions of it. Central to all is the fundamental question: to what extent is the human language faculty an optimal solution to minimal design specifications. Taken as a whole the volume outlines the main features of Minimalism its historical and conceptual sources and provides an illustration of minimalist theorizing by looking at several properties of the syntactic component of grammar. Some contributions concentrate on what kind of computational tools are made available in a minimalist syntactic component and how the computational system interacts with external and interface domains of the mind/brain. Other contributions specifically focus on direct empirical gains that emerge from adopting minimalist guidelines.

This volume contains 17 studies on historical Romance linguistics within a variety of current theoretical frameworks; it includes studies on phonology morphology and syntax focusing solely or comparatively on all five ‘major’ Romance languages: French Italian Portuguese Romanian and Spanish. An introduction by the eminent Romance Linguist Jürgen Klausenburger addresses the fit of these studies in the overall development of the field of historical Romance linguistics since the 19th century. The studies in this volume demonstrate an organic link between Malkiel’s (1961) ‘classic’ definition of Romance linguistics and the field of Romance linguistics today because just as scholars of the field in the 19th century successfully applied the dominant paradigm of (historical) linguistics of their time Neogrammarian theory so do the authors contained in the present volume avail themselves of current linguistic advances to achieve equally significant results.

Members of divergent societies are increasingly involved in interactional situations both publicly and privately where participants do not share linguistic resources. Second language conversations have become common everyday events in the globalized world and an interest has evolved to determine how interaction is conducted and understanding achieved in such asymmetric conversations.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/> This book describes how mutual intelligibility is established checked and remedied in authentic interaction between first and second language speakers both in institutional and everyday situations. The study is rooted in the interactional view on language and it contributes to our knowledge on interactional practices in particular in cases where some doubt exists about the level of intersubjectivity between the participants. It expands the traditional research agenda of conversation analysis that is based on the concepts of ‘membership’ and ‘members’ shared competences’. By showing in detail how speakers with restricted linguistic resources can interact successfully and achieve the (institutional) goals of interactions this study also adds to our knowledge of the questions that are central in second language research such as when and how the non-native speakers’ ‘linguistic output’ is modified by themselves or by the native speakers or when the non-native speakers display uptake after these modifications.

Dieser Band stellt einen Beitrag zum Verständnis geistiger und sinnlicher Erkenntnis bei Nicolaus Cusanus dar. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Begriffe intellectus und imaginatio deren historischer und sachlicher Zusammenhang untereinander und ihr Verhältnis zu weiteren Aspekten der menschlichen Erkenntnis. Auf diese Weise steht im Ergebnis die Einheit und Ganzheit dieser Erkenntnis zur Debatte. Im Einzelnen geht es ebenso um eine Parallele zwischen Wilhelm von Ockham Johannes Buridan und Cusanus in bezug auf den conceptus absolutus um den kontemplativen Intellekt die Metapher sowohl der “Mauer des Paradieses” als auch des Sehens eine Kartographie des Erkennens die Cusanische Symbolphilosophie den Aspekt der Kreativität die Musik sowie den Magnetismus und ein weiteres Beispiel zur Veranschaulichung der Funktion und Tragweite des imaginatio . Die Beiträge stammen aus der Feder sowohl anerkannter Cusanus-Interpreten als auch jüngere Forscher. Der Band bietet sowohl zahlreiche neue Gesichtspunkte für fruchtbare Auseinandersetzung mit dem Denken des Kardinals als auch ein Zeugnis für deren Lebendigkeit und Internationalität.

This book represents a contribution to the understanding of both intellectual and sensible cognition in Nicolaus Cusanus. Central to this account are the concepts of intellectus and imaginatio their historical and factual connection and their relationship to other aspects of human cognition. In this way the unity and totality of this cognition is explored and discussed. In particular points of comparison are outlined between William of Ockham John Buridan and Cusanus in regard to the conceptus absolutus. Moreover various issues are explored in light of these points of comparison. Among them are the contemplative intellect the metaphors of the “wall of the Paradise” and of visio a cartography of cognition the Cusan philosophy of symbols creativity music and two examples of the function and the importance of imaginatio. The contributions to this book come from well-known interpreters of Cusanus and also younger scholars. In this way this book offers both new perspectives on fruitful discussions of the thinking of Cusanus as well as evidence of the vivacity and original character of this discussion.

This collection of papers is the third volume of the series “Usage-Based Linguistic Informatics” (UBLI) a product of the 21st Century COE Program of the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS). Prosody as used in this text appears in units larger than segments and generally refers to the field that studies various phonological properties connected to utterances involving pitch intensity and length. These phonetic features almost always appear within complex combinations such as word and sentence accents and intonation. The subtitle Cross-Linguistic perspectives does not imply mere cross-linguistic comparison and contrast of the prosodic phenomena. Rather it implies that there are a variety of approaches which are unique to each language for prosodic analysis. In fact the volume consists of prosodic analyses in 12 different languages : French English German Spanish Portuguese Russian Japanese Korean Makonde Indonesian Tagalog and Turkish.