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The different traditions that have inspired the contributors to this volume can be divided along three different orientations one that is rooted predominantly in sociolinguistics a second that is ethnomethodologically informed and a third that came in the wake of narrative interview research. All three share a commitment to view self and identity not as essential properties of the person but as constituted in discursive practices and particularly in narrative. Moreover since self and identity are held to be phenomena that are contextually and continually generated they are defined and viewed in the plural as selves and identities. In the attempt of moving closer toward a process-oriented approach to the formation of selves and identities this volume sets the stage for future discussions of the role of narrative and discourse in this generation process and for how a close analysis of these processes can advance an understanding of the world around us and within this world of identities and selves.

This volume brings together selected and revised papers from the international conference on “Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing” held in Borovets Bulgaria in September 2005. The best papers have been selected for this volume with the aim to reflect the most promising and significant trends in natural language processing. The volume covers a wide variety of topics in Natural Language Processing including information extraction indexing latent semantic analysis dependency parsing anaphora and referring expressions spam analysis document classification rhetorical relations textual entailment question answering ontologies word sense disambiguation machine translation treebanks and corpora.

This volume offers a selection from the papers presented at the 2005 Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The papers cover a variety of topics in Arabic Linguistics ranging from the lexicon phonology syntax and computational linguistics.

This collection of papers fills a gap in current research on both metapragmatics and pragmatics in that it combines data-based pragmatic analysis with metapragmatic theory and focuses on the ways in which metadiscourse is actually used. The 12 contributions investigate speech acts and verbal (as well as non-verbal) expressions which highlight (meta-)linguistic aspects of ongoing discourse and thus provoke a deviation from the latter’s original direction and purpose. All case studies discuss ways and means which interactants employ to resolve diverging pragmatic expectations in communication. The papers analyze authentic examples from English and other languages (and cultures) including Thai Chinese and Japanese and center around three principal domains of communication: ordinary everyday interaction interaction in educational contexts and in specialized discourse. The introductory chapter locates the various contributions within a systematically broader theoretical framework. The wide scope of the collection its empirical orientation and the reader-friendly form of presentation should appeal to anyone interested in pragmatics whether scholar or student.

The volume deals with the relationship between language dialogue human nature and culture by focusing on an approach that considers culture to be a crucial component of dialogic interaction. Part I refers to the so-called ‘language instinct debate’ between nativists and empiricists and introduces a mediating position that regards language and dialogue as determined by both human nature and culture. This sets the framework for the contributions of Part II which propose varying theoretical positions on how to address the ways in which culture influences dialogue. Part III presents more empirically oriented studies which demonstrate the interaction of components in the ‘mixed game’ and focus in particular on specific action games politeness and selected verbal means of communication.

As each period in the history of the language sciences has chosen to focus on different key questions the study of that history promises to open our eyes to the variety of interesting questions that can be asked and answered – taking off the blinders of contemporary preoccupations. September 1–5 2005 linguists from twenty-five countries gathered at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to share their passion for the history of their discipline. This volume is a distillation of many fine contributions from that conference shedding light on the many different approaches to the study of language.

The field of color categorization has always been intrinsically multi- and inter-disciplinary since its beginnings in the nineteenth century. The main contribution of this book is to foster a new level of integration among different approaches to the anthropological study of color. The editors have put great effort into bringing together research from anthropology linguistics psychology semiotics and a variety of other fields by promoting the exploration of the different but interacting and complementary ways in which these various perspectives model the domain of color experience. By so doing they significantly promote the emergence of a coherent field of the anthropology of color.

Now Open Access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched 2017 Backlist Collection.

Research into gestures represents a multifaceted field comprising a wide range of disciplines and research topics varying methods and approaches and even different species such as humans apes and monkeys. The aim of this volume (originally published as a Special Issue of Gesture 5:1/2 (2005)) is to bring together the research in gestural communication in both nonhuman and human primates and to explore the potential of a comparative approach and its contribution to the question of an evolutionary scenario in which gestures play a significant role. The topics covered include the spontaneous natural gesture use in social groups of apes and monkeys but also during interactions with humans gestures of preverbal children and their interaction with language speech-accompanying gestures in humans as well as the use of sign-language in human and nonhuman great apes. It addresses researchers with a background in Psychology Primatology Linguistics and Anthropology but it might also function as an introduction and a documentation state of the art for a wider less specialised audience which is fascinated by the role gestures might have played in the evolution of human language.

This volume is a collection of selected papers originally presented at the XVI^th Colloquium on Generative Grammar that was held at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. All the papers deal with current issues within the generative framework mostly paying attention to phenomena pertaining to the syntax-semantics interface. The major concerns are coreference relations modals and modality and focus/ellipsis. More specifically the contributions present research findings from different languages often adopting a comparative perspective and include studies on sub-extraction from subjects and objects; on obviation and Control structures; on specificity and Weak Crossover effects; and on reconstruction without movement as well as papers that address the scopal interactions between tense/aspect and modals; the syntactic and semantic properties of different types of left-periphery operators; and the role focus plays in elliptical constructions.

How and why is silence used interculturally? Approaching the phenomenon of silence from multiple perspectives this book shows how silence is used perceived and at times misinterpreted in intercultural communication. Using a model of key aspects of silence in communication – linguistic cognitive and sociopsychological – and fundamental levels of social organization – individual situational and sociocultural - the book explores the intricate relationship between perceptions and performance of silence in interaction involving Japanese and Australian participants. Through a combination of macro- and micro- ethnographic analyses of university seminar interactions the stereotypes of the ‘silent East’ is reconsidered and the tension between local and sociocultural perspectives of intercultural communication is addressed. The book has relevance to researchers and students in intercultural pragmatics discourse analysis and applied linguistics.

This book offers for the first time a detailed comparative study of how speakers of different languages express memory concepts. While there is a robust body of psycholinguistic research that bears on how memory and language are related there is no comparative study of how speakers themselves conceptualize memory as reflected in their use of language to talk about memory. This book addresses a key question: how do speakers of different languages talk about the experience of having prior experiences coming to mind (‘remembering’) or failing to come to mind (‘forgetting’)? A complex array of answers is provided through detailed grammatical and semantic investigation of different languages including English German Polish Russian and also a number of non-Indo-European languages Amharic Cree Dalabon Korean and Mandarin. In addition the book calls for a broader interdisciplinary engagement by urging that cognitive semantics be integrated with other sciences of memory.

This volume deals with the occurrence of lexical gaps in the domain of linguistic action verbs. Though these constitute a considerable proportion of the verb inventory of many languages not all concepts of verbal communication may be expressed by lexical items in any particular one of them. Introducing a conceptual system which allows gaps to be searched for systematically this study shows which concepts of verbal communication are and which are not lexicalised in English German and Dutch. The lexicalisation patterns observed shed light on the way in which verbal behaviour is conceptualised in a particular speech community. To complete the picture the volume also addresses the question of whether communication concepts which may not be expressed by verbs may be lexicalised by fixed multiword expressions.

This monograph contains the first systematic investigation of the Japanese ‘dative subject’ construction across time and space. It demonstrates that in order to capture what speakers/writers know about how to put an utterance or a clause together it is necessary to pay attention to what they do in actual language use and in different discourse types. The work also shows the importance of diachronic perspectives to help us better understand the ways in which a particular grammatical structure is represented synchronically. By utilizing modern Japanese conversation contemporary Japanese novels and a pre-modern and modern Japanese literature corpus the study highlights the role of ‘dative subjects’ at the semantic and discourse-pragmatic levels. Specifically it demonstrates that what has been considered to be a most ‘grammatical’ aspect of Japanese actually turns out to be rather pragmatically oriented.

The coining of novel lexical items and the creative manipulation of existing words and expressions is heavily dependent on contextual factors including the semantic stylistic textual and social environments in which they occur. The twelve specialists contributing to this collection aim to illuminate creativity in word formation with respect to functional discourse roles but also examine ‘critical creativity’ determined by language policy as well as diachronic phonetic variation in creatively-coined words.

The data based either on large corpora or smaller hand-collected samples is drawn from advertising the daily press electronic communication literature spoken interaction cartoons lexical ontologies and style guides.

The coining of novel lexical items and the creative manipulation of existing words and expressions is heavily dependent on contextual factors including the semantic stylistic textual and social environments in which they occur. The twelve specialists contributing to this collection aim to illuminate creativity in word formation with respect to functional discourse roles but also examine ‘critical creativity’ determined by language policy as well as diachronic phonetic variation in creatively-coined words. The data based either on large corpora or smaller hand-collected samples is drawn from advertising the daily press electronic communication literature spoken interaction cartoons lexical ontologies and style guides. Each study analyses novel formations in relation to their contexts of use and inevitably leads to the crucial question of creativity vs. productivity. By focussing on creative lexical formations at the level of parole these studies provide insights into morphological theory at the level of langue and ultimately seek to explain lexical creativity as a function of language use.

Negation has always been and still is a central topic in typological studies and theoretical research. Its centrality shows itself in the fact that it is not restricted to a given linguistic field but compasses the whole domain of linguistic studies. Very often works on negation are brought about in a one-sided perspective which excludes other points of view. This book on the contrary puts together studies on negation based on various theoretical frameworks and aims to cover a wide range of theoretical perspectives. The book offers contributions on negation in Old Occitan in Old Italic languages and in several modern Romance languages (Italian Roumanian French Spanish Occitan Catalan among others). It covers the diachronic dimension of negation and explores the syntactic as well as the semantico-pragmatic side of the phenomenon; aspects of negative affixation provide the morphological dimension. The originality of this volume thus lies in the multidisciplinarity of the approaches and perspectives offered.La question de la négation a toujours été et demeure un sujet central dans les recherches en linguistique théorique et typologique. Son caractère central réside en ceci qu’elle n’est pas limitée à un domaine linguistique donné mais embrasse le champ entier de la recherche linguistique. Aussi les travaux sur la négation sont-ils très souvent réalisés dans une perspective donnée qui exclut de facto d’autres points de vue ou d’autres approches. Cet ouvrage prend au contraire le parti de réunir des études dont les postulats théoriques et méthodologiques sont variés couvrant ainsi un éventail de perspectives théoriques. Le présent volume propose donc des contributions sur la négation en Ancien Occitan dans les langues de l’Italie ancienne et dans diverses langues romanes contemporaines (notamment en Italien Roumain Français Espagnol Occitan Catalan). Il couvre ainsi la dimension diachronique de la négation et s’attache à en décrire le fonctionnement d’un point de vue syntaxique aussi bien que sémantico-pragmatique. La dimension morphologique de la négation est également abordée via la problématique de l’affixation négative. L’originalité de cet ouvrage réside donc dans la multidisciplinarité des approches et des perspectives qu’il offre.

In this volume we approach the question of what it is to be European by considering the way in which citizens talk about their everyday lives as they are perceived against the background of Europe and European issues. Hence the volume will offer insights into the rarely glimpsed micro political world of ordinary talk and explore the way in which such talk in social interaction and other spheres might help us understand what Europe means to a range of its citizens. Using a range of broadly discursive approaches we will touch on inter alia issues of identity youth borders ethnicity local politics and minority languages. In the end we suggest it is a common sense view of pragmatic utility that centres what it is to be European and this is something which is continually fluid and shifting within ever changing social historical and political circumstances.

This volume contributes to the burgeoning field of research on stance by offering a variety of studies based in natural discourse. These collected papers explore the situated pragmatic and interactional character of stancetaking and present new models and conceptions of stance to spark future research. Central to the volume is the claim that stancetaking encompasses five general principles: it involves physical attitudinal and/or moral positioning; it is a public action; it is inherently dialogic interactional and sequential; it indexes broader sociocultural contexts; and it is consequential to the interactants. Each paper explores one or more of these dimensions of stance from perspectives including interactional linguistics and conversation analysis corpus linguistics language description discourse analysis and sociocultural linguistics. Research languages include conversational American English colloquial Indonesian and Finnish. The understanding of stance that emerges is heterogeneous and variegated and always intertwined with the pragmatic and social aspects of human conduct.

Languages with free word orders pose daunting challenges to linguistic theory because they raise questions about the nature of grammatical strings. Ross who coined the term Scrambling to refer to the relatively ‘free’ word orders found in Germanic languages (among others) notes that “… the problems involved in specifying exactly the subset of the strings which will be generated … are far too complicated for me to even mention here let alone come to grips with” (1967:52). This book offers a radical re-analysis of middle field Scrambling. It argues that Scrambling is a concatenation effect as described in Stroik’s (1999 2000 2007) Survive analysis of minimalist syntax driven by an interpretable referentiality feature [Ref] to the middle field where syntactically encoded features for temporality and other world indices are checked. The purpose of this book is to investigate the syntactic properties of middle field Scrambling in synchronic West Germanic languages and to explore to what possible extent we can classify Scrambling as a ‘syntactic phenomenon’ within Survive-minimalist desiderata.

The two-volume work Modernism has been awarded the prestigious 2008 MSA Book Prize!

Modernism has constituted one of the most prominent fields of literary studies for decades. While it was perhaps temporarily overshadowed by postmodernism recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in modernism on both sides of the Atlantic. These volumes respond to a need for a collective and multifarious view of literary modernism in various genres locations and languages. Asking and responding to a wealth of theoretical aesthetic and historical questions 65 scholars from several countries test the usefulness of the concept of modernism as they probe a variety of contexts from individual texts to national literatures from specific critical issues to broad cross-cultural concerns. While the chief emphasis of these volumes is on literary modernism literature is seen as entering into diverse cultural and social contexts. These range from inter-art conjunctions to philosophical environmental urban and political domains including issues of race and space gender and fashion popular culture and trauma science and exile ­all of which have an urgent bearing on the poetics of modernity.

With over half the languages of the world currently in danger of extinction within a century the need for high quality grammatical descriptions is more urgent than ever. Potential grammar writers however often find themselves paralyzed by the daunting task of describing a language. The papers in the present volume (originally published in Studies in Language 30:2 (2006)) provide suggestions and encouragement – from experienced grammar writers and users – regarding concrete methods for approaching the task of writing a descriptive grammar of a language. Salient "themes" emerging from the papers in this volume include: The necessity of community involvement in grammatical descriptions; The link between a grammar and the other products of a program of language documentation (a dictionary and collection of texts); The complementary functions of elicited vs. naturally occurring data; and grammatical description as 'art' as well as 'science'.

Recently there has been an upsurge of interest in the work Periphyseon of the early medieval philosopher John Scot Eriugena. Previous research has classified the book either as a piece of Neoplatonic philosophy or as part of the Latin dialectic tradition which has led to one-sided interpretations. The present publication focuses instead on the philosophical claims defended in the Periphyseon itself examines its originality and discusses the soundness of its argumentation. As a result a hitherto unnoticed basic thought of the work has been uncovered namely the concept of a negative ontology according to which all substance is completely incomprehensible. This notion constitutes the greatest innovation of Eriugena’s thought. In keeping with his negative ontology Eriugena downgrades the fourfold division of nature that he had presented at the beginning of his work. A critical survey of the current readings of Eriugena as a Neoplatonist and idealist completes this book.

In jüngerer Zeit rückt das Werk Periphyseon des frühmittelalterlichen Denkers Johannes Scottus Eriugena zunehmend in den Fokus der philosophischen Forschung. Die bisherigen Untersuchungen ordnen das Werk entweder der neuplatonischen Denkrichtung oder der lateinischen Dialektiktradition zu und richten dementsprechend ihre Interpretation daran aus. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung hingegen betrachtet vorrangig die Darstellung und Argumentation im Periphyseon selbst prüft detailliert den Innovationsgehalt und die Überzeugungskraft der Aussagen. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich ein bislang ungesehener Grundgedanke des Werks der einer negativen Ontologie. Diese Ontologie verneint jegliche Bestimmbarkeit aller Substanz. Sie macht die eigentliche Innovation in Eriugenas Denken aus. Im Hinblick auf diese löst er die zu Anfang des Werks präsentierte Vierteilung der Gesamtnatur wieder auf. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der bisherigen Einordnung Eriugenas als Neuplatoniker und Idealist rundet das Buch ab.

The overarching theme of this volume is one of the central concerns of syntactic theory: How local is syntax and what are the measures of syntactic locality? It is argued here that movement and anaphoric relations are governed by a unified concept of locality: the phase. On an empirical level Beyond Coherence brings together three strands of research on German syntax: ‘coherence’ the study of (reduced) infinitive constructions; the possessor dative construction with a dative nominal playing the dual role of possessor and affectee; and binding the distribution of anaphors and pronominals. These apparently disparate areas of research intersect in that the locality constraints on the possessor dative construction and binding allow the two phenomena to serve as probes for infinitival clause size. Offering a Minimalist ‘possessor raising’ and phase-based binding account this work culminates in a discussion of the phase as the key to the various opacity effects observed in the book.

The label CLIL stands for classrooms where a foreign language (English) is used as a medium of instruction in content subjects. This book provides a first in-depth analysis of the kind of communicative abilities which are embodied in such CLIL classrooms. It examines teacher and student talk at secondary school level from different discourse-analytic angles taking into account the interpersonal pragmatics of classroom discourse and how school subjects are talked into being during lessons. The analysis shows how CLIL classroom interaction is strongly shaped by its institutional context which in turn conditions the ways in which students experience use and learn the target language. The research presented here suggests that CLIL programmes require more explicit language learning goals in order to fully exploit their potential for furthering the learners’ appropriation of a foreign language as a medium of learning.

Because of the need to devise systems for electronic communication on the internet multi-agent computing is moving to a model of communication as a structured conversation between rational agents. For example in multi-agent systems an electronic agent searches around the internet and collects certain kinds of information by asking questions to other agents. Such agents also reason with each other when they engage in negotiation and persuasion. It is shown in this book that critical argumentation is best represented in this framework by the model of reasoned argument called a dialog in which two or more parties engage in a polite and orderly exchange with each other according to rules governed by conversation policies. In such dialog argumentation the two parties reason together by taking turns asking questions offering replies and offering reasons to support a claim. They try to settle their disagreements by an orderly conversational exchange that is partly adversarial and partly collaborative.

Bilinguals often report that they feel like a different person in their two languages. In the words of one bilingual in Koven’s book “When I speak Portuguese automatically I'm in a different world…it's a different color.” Although testimonials like this abound in everyday conversation among bilinguals there has been scant systematic investigation of this intriguing phenomenon. Focusing on French-Portuguese bilinguals the adult children of Portuguese migrants in France this book provides an empirically grounded theoretical account of how the same speakers enact experience and are perceived by others to have different identities in their two languages. This book explores bilinguals’ experiences and expressions of identity in multicultural multilingual contexts. It is distinctive in its integration of multiple levels of analysis to address the relationships between language and identity. Koven links detailed attention to discourse form to participants’ multiple interpretations how such forms become signs of identity and to the broader macrosociolinguistic contexts that structure participants’ access to those signs. The study of how bilinguals perform and experience different identities in their two languages sheds light on the more general role of linguistic and cultural forms in local experiences and expressions of identity.

What is it to have a concept? What is it to make an inference? What is it to be rational? On the basis of recent developments in semantics a number of authors have embraced answers to these questions that have radically counterintuitive consequences for example:

• One can rationally accept self-contradictory propositions (e.g.

Smith is a composer and Smith is not a composer). • Psychological states are causally inert: beliefs and desires do nothing.

• The mind cannot be understood in terms of folk-psychological concepts (e.g. belief desire intention).

• One can have a single concept without having any others: an otherwise conceptless creature could grasp the concept of justice or of the number seven.

• Thoughts are sentence-tokens and thought-processes are driven by the syntactic not the semantic properties of those tokens.



In the first half of Conceptual Atomism and the Computational Theory of Mind John-Michael Kuczynski argues that these implausible but widely held views are direct consequences of a popular doctrine known as content-externalism this being the view that the contents of one’s mental states are constitutively dependent on facts about the external world. Kuczynski shows that content-externalism involves a failure to distinguish between on the one hand what is literally meant by linguistic expressions and on the other hand the information that one must work through to compute the literal meanings of such expressions.

The second half of the present work concerns the Computational Theory of Mind (CTM). Underlying CTM is an acceptance of conceptual atomism – the view that a creature can have a single concept without having any others – and also an acceptance of the view that concepts are not descriptive (i.e. that one can have a concept of a thing without knowing of any description that is satisfied by that thing). Kuczynski shows that both views are false one reason being that they presuppose the truth of content-externalism another being that they are incompatible with the epistemological anti-foundationalism proven correct by Wilfred Sellars and Laurence Bonjour. Kuczynski also shows that CTM involves a misunderstanding of terms such as “computation” “syntax” “algorithm” and “formal truth”; and he provides novel analyses of the concepts expressed by these terms. (Series A)

The following theoretical-empirical points on the DP are discussed: Article and its referential-anaphoric properties by Abraham (Determiners in Centering Theory); Bartra (On bare NPs in Old Spanish and Catalan); identification of all functional nominal categories by Stvan (Bare singular count nouns); Kupisch & Koops (Specificity and negation); Jäger (History of German indefinite determiners); typological comparison of the interaction of nominal and verbal determination by Abraham (Discourse-functional crystallization of the or­ig­inal demonstrative); Leiss (Covert (in)definiteness and aspect in Old Icelandic Goth­ic Old High German); Lohndal (Double definiteness during Old Norse); emergence of DP in ontogeny/phylogeny by Osawa (DP TP and aspect in Old English and L1 acquisition); Bittner (Early functions of definites in L1 acquisition); Wood (Demonstratives and possessives emergent from Old English); Bauer ((in)defin­ite articles in Indo-European) and Stark (Variation in nominal indefiniteness in Romance).

This volume contains 22 revised papers originally presented at the 17th International Conference on Historical Linguistics held August 2005 in Madison Wisconsin USA. The papers cover a broad range of languages including well-studied languages of Europe but also Aramaic Zoque and Uto-Aztecan Japanese and Korean Afrikaans and the Pilbara languages of Australia. The theoretical approaches taken are equally diverse often bringing together aspects of ‘formal’ and ‘functional’ theories in a single contribution. Many of the chapters provide fresh data including several drawing on data from electronic corpora. Topics range from traditional comparative reconstruction to prosodic change and the role of processing in syntactic change.

Narrative research is frequently described as a diverse enterprise yet the kinds of narrative data that it bases itself on present a striking consensus: they tend to be autobiographical and elicited in interviews. This book sets out to carve out a space alongside this narrative canon for stories that have not made it to the mainstream of narrative and identity analysis yet they abound as well as being crucial sites of subjectivity in everyday interactional contexts. By labelling those stories as ‘small’ the book emphasizes their distinctiveness both interactionally and as an antidote to the tradition of ‘grand’ narratives research. Drawing primarily on the audio-recorded small stories of a group of female adolescents that was studied ethnographically in a town in Greece the book follows a language-focused and practice-based approach in order to provide fresh answers and perspectives on some of the perennial questions of narrative analysis: How can we (re)conceptualize the mainstay concepts of tellership structure and evaluation in small stories? How do the participants’ telling identities connect with their larger social identities? Finally what does the project of storying self (and other) mean in small stories and how can it be best explored?

This volume offers a unique collection of articles investigating the often neglected phenomenon of parentheticals which are commonly seen as expressions interrupting the linear structure of a host utterance but lacking a structural relation to it. The book provides an up-to-date introduction to the subject as well as a range of research articles addressing questions including the syntactic link between parenthetical and frame utterance the relation between syntactic and prosodic form the usage and interpretation of parentheticals and many more. It embraces research findings from different European languages (English German Dutch Romance) and covers an array of forms of syntactic interpolations (from one-word parentheticals to clausal) and a range of methodologies including empirical research corpus research and theoretical analyses. The collection underlines the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to a multi-faceted phenomenon such as parentheticals.

How to speak of colors and odors? In many cases we have to think about an adequate description of a perceived odor or shade of color. Words are not fluently available.The contributions discuss color and odor perception and its linguistic representation from different disciplinary angles: from neurobiology neuropsychology psycholinguistics cognitive linguistics and philosophy. They show that linguistic representation of colors and odors depends highly on cultures of communication. Experts are skilled in discerning finer differences between their sense impressions and have at their disposal a special language which non-experts do not master. The color and odor vocabulary is rare if there is no cultural habit to communicate the very sense impression. In cases where individuals have to speak of their sensory experiences more precisely they often turn to metaphors. The contributions discuss the lack of inter-individual conventions of naming and describing odors – compared to the more expanded linguistic representation of colors.

The third volume in the History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe focuses on the making and remaking of those institutional structures that engender and regulate the creation distribution and reception of literature. The focus here is not so much on shared institutions but rather on such region-wide analogous institutional processes as the national awakening the modernist opening and the communist regimentation the canonization of texts and censorship of literature. These processes which took place in all of the region’s cultures were often asynchronous and subjected to different local conditions. The volume’s premise is that the national awakening and institutionalization of literature were symbiotically interrelated in East-Central Europe. Each national awakening involves a language renewal an introduction of the vernacular and its literature in schools and universities the creation of an infrastructure for the publication of books and journals clashes with censorship the founding of national academies libraries and theaters a (re)construction of national folklore and the writing of histories of the vernacular literature. The four parts of this volume are titled: (1) Publishing and Censorship (2) Theater as a Literary Institution (3) Forging Primal Pasts: The Uses of Folk Poetry and (4) Literary Histories: Itineraries of National Self-images.This volume is part of a book set which can be ordered at a special discount: https://www.benjamins.com/series/chlel/chlel.special_offer.literarycultures.pdf

This volume brings together a selection of revised papers originally presented at ICHoLS IX (São Paulo/Campinas). The papers in the first section deal with studies ranging from the Latin model in post-Renaissance grammars to new scientific propositions at the turn of the 19th century; the second part carries articles devoted to a variety of topics in 19th and 20th century linguistics; and in the third section are united papers based on plenary presentations ranging from ancient Greek reflections upon language to developments in Brazilian linguistics beginning with the implantation of structuralist work by Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) in the 1960s. In the concluding contribution a survey of advances in the history of the language sciences is offered.

This volume is a collection of 12 papers which originated from a research project on ‘Europe and the Mediterranean from a linguistic point of view: history and prospects’. The papers deal with specific morphosyntactic aspects of language structure and evolution. The comparative perspective is adopted both from a synchronic (typological) and a diachronic (historical) angle focusing in particular on possible contact phenomena. Therefore methodological key words of this book are areal typology and linguistic area. The issues addressed cover such diverse aspects of language structure and change as verb morphology relative clause formation Noun Phrase determination demonstrative systems possessive markers in Noun Phrases conjunctive disjunctive and adversative constructions non-canonical object marking impersonal constructions reduplication and early translations of the Gospels. These topics are discussed particularly in relation to Romance Germanic Celtic and Semitic languages both modern and ancient. This book will interest researchers in typological historical functional and general linguistics.

Like previous collections based on congresses of the European Society of Translation Studies (EST) this volume presents the latest insights and findings in an ever-changing ever-challenging domain. The twenty-six papers carefully chosen from about 140 presented at the 4^th EST Congress offer a bird's eye view of the most pressing concerns and most exciting vistas in Translation Studies today. The editors' final choices reflect a focus on quality of approach originality of topic and clarity of presentation and aim at capturing the most salient developments in the contemporary theory methodology and technology of TS. As always in EST the themes covered relate to translation as well as interpreting. They include discussion of a broad range of text-types and skopoi and a diversity of themes such as translation universals translation strategies translation and ideology perception of translated humor translation tools etc. Many of the papers force us to take a fresh look at seemingly well established paradigms and familiar notions while also making recourse to work being done in other disciplines (Semiotics Linguistics Discourse Analysis Contrastive Studies).

Using theoretical concepts of self perspective and voice as an interpretive guide and based on the Place of Negotiation theory this volume explores the phenomenon of linguistic creativity in Japanese discourse i.e. the use of language in specific ways for foregrounding personalized expressive meanings. Personalized expressive meanings include psychological emotive interpersonal and rhetorical aspects of communication encompassing broad meanings such as feelings of intimacy or distance emotion empathy humor playfulness persona sense of self identity rhetorical effects and so on. Nine analysis chapters explore the meanings functions and effects observable in the indices of linguistic creativity focusing on discourse creativity (style mixture borrowing others’ styles genre mixture) rhetorical creativity (puns metaphors metaphors in multimodal discourse) and grammatical creativity (negatives demonstratives first-person references). Based on the analysis of verbal and visual data drawn from multiple genres of contemporary cultural discourse this work reveals that by creatively expressing in language we share our worlds from multiple perspectives we speak in self’s and others’ many voices and we endlessly create personalized expressive meanings as testimony to our own sense of being.

This book presents a functional analysis of a notion which has gained considerable importance in cognitive and functional linguistics over the last couple of decades namely 'prototypical transitivity'. It discusses what prototypical transitivity is why it should exist and how it should be defined as well as how this definition can be employed in the analysis of a number of phenomena of language such as case-marking experiencer constructions and so-called ambitransitives. Also discussed is how a prototype analysis relates to other approaches to transitivity such as that based on markedness. The basic claim is that transitivity is iconic: a construction with two distinct independent arguments is prototypically used to refer to an event with two distinct independent participants. From this principle a unified account of the properties typically associated with transitivity can be derived and an explanation for why these properties tend to correlate across languages can be given.

Methods in Cognitive Linguistics is an introduction to empirical methodology for language researchers. Intended as a handbook to exploring the empirical dimension of the theoretical questions raised by Cognitive Linguistics the volume presents guidelines for employing methods from a variety of intersecting disciplines laying out different ways of gathering empirical evidence. The book is divided into five sections. Methods and Motivations provides the reader with the preliminary background in scientific methodology and statistics. The sections on Corpus and Discourse Analysis and Sign Language and Gesture describe different ways of investigating usage data. Behavioral Research describes methods for exploring mental representation simulation semantics child language development and the relationships between space and language and eye movements and cognition. Lastly Neural Approaches introduces the reader to ERP research and to the computational modeling of language.

This set of eleven articles by linguists from four different European countries and a variety of theoretical backgrounds takes a new look at the discourse functions of a number of English connectives from simple coordinators (and but) to phrases of varying complexity (after all the fact is that). Using authentic spoken and written data from varied sources the authors explore the ways in which current uses of connectives result from the interaction of syntax semantics and prosody both over time and through diversity of discourse situations. Most adopt an integrative approach in which speaker-listener or writer-reader relationships are viewed as part and parcel of the linguistic properties of each marker. Because it combines functional generative and enunciative approaches into a coherent whole with a common explanatory aim this book will be of interest to linguists corpus-linguists and all those who investigate the semantics-pragmatics interface.

The contributions in this volume (first published as a Special Issue of International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 6 (2001)) evolved from the EU-funded project Trans-European Language Resources Infrastructure (TELRI) and deal with various aspects of multilingual corpus linguistics. The topics reach from building parallel corpora over annotation issues and questions concerning terminology extraction to bilingual and multilingual lexicography; the statistical properties of parallel corpora and the practice of translators; and the role of corpus linguistics for multilingual language technology.

Deconstructing Creole is a collection of studies aimed at critically assessing the idea of creole languages as a homogeneous structural type with shared and peculiar patterns of genesis. Following up on the critical discussion of notions of ‘creole exceptionalism’ as historical and ideological constructs this volume tests the basic assumptions that underlie current attempts to present ‘creole structure’ as a special type from typological as well as sociohistorical perspectives. The sum of the findings presented here suggests that careful empirical investigation of input varieties and contact environments can explain the structural output without recourse to an exceptional genesis scenario. Echoing calls to dissolve the notion of ‘creolization’ as a special diachronic process this volume proposes that theoretically grounded approaches to the notions of simplicity complexity transmission etc. do not warrant considering so-called ‘creole’ languages as a special synchronic type.

What counts as evidence in linguistics? This question is addressed by the contributions to the present volume (originally published as a Special Issue of Studies in Language 28:3 (2004). Focusing on the innateness debate what is illustrated is how formal and functional approaches to linguistics have different perspectives on linguistic evidence. While special emphasis is paid to the status of typological evidence and universals for the construction of Universal Grammar (UG) this volume also highlights more general issues such as the roles of (non)-standard language and historical evidence. To address the overall topic the following three guiding questions are raised: What type of evidence can be used for innateness claims (or UG)?; What is the content of such innate features (or UG)?; and How can UG be used as a theory guiding empirical research? A combination of articles and peer commentaries yields a lively discussion between leading representatives of formal and functional approaches.

Receptive multilingualism refers to the language constellation in which interlocutors use their respective mother tongue while speaking to each other. Since the mid-nineties receptive multilingualism is promoted by the European commission on par with other possibilities of increasing the mobility of the European citizens. Throughout the last ten years a marked increase in the research on this topic has been observable. This volume reveals new perspectives from different theoretical frameworks on linguistic analyses of receptive multilingualism in Europe. Case studies are presented from contemporary settings along with analyses of historical examples theoretical considerations and finally descriptions of didactical concepts established in order to transfer and disseminate receptive multilingual competence. The book contains results from research carried out at the Research Center on Multilingualism at the University of Hamburg as well as contributions by various international scholars working in the field of receptive multilingualism.

This book which was originally published as a Special Issue of Journal of Language & Politics 4:1 (2005) takes the war in Iraq as an exemplary case through which to demonstrate the changing nature of contemporary power. The book convincingly argues that the effective study of international politics depends today upon our understanding of the interplay between hard (military economic) and soft (symbolic) power. One might say between the politics of territory guns or money and the language of narrating the world in coherent and persuasive stories. Bringing together different strands of discourse analysis with social historical and to an extent political analysis all contributions seek to illustrate the ways in which a variety of public genres from political speeches to computer games and from educational material to newspaper reports produce influential knowledge about the war and shape the ethical and political premises upon which the legitimacy of this war and a ‘vision’ of the emergent world order rests.

With contributions by researchers from India Europe North America and the Caribbean In Translation – Reflections refractions transformations touches on questions of method and on topics – including copyright cultural hybridity globalization identity construction and minority languages – which are important for the disciplinary development of translation studies but also of interest to other fields as well most notably comparative literature cultural studies and world literature. The volume provides a forum for new voices to be heard alongside those of well-established scholars and for current concerns to express themselves often focusing on practices in areas of the world other than Europe or North America which have until now tended to dominate the field. Acknowledging difference and celebrating it the contributions conceive of translation as a process which reconstitutes and transforms which brings renewal and growth an interaction in a new context a new reading a new writing.

The South Asian languages mainly Indo-Aryan and Dravidian have become a focus of interest in the formal study of language as a natural consequence of the research program of the Principle and Parameters approach and an enforced interest in exploring the parametrical space of human language. The contributions to the present volume combine theoretical reasoning in syntax and phonology with a comparative research agenda in which South Asian languages figure prominently. The topics range from issues of clause structure serial verb constructions cleft- and question formation to the question of what the proper syntactic format of modification should be issues of binding theory and raising and issues of complementation the clausal periphery and clausal typing. The collection of articles concludes with two chapters on Dravidian and comparative phonology and a chapter on the shaping of phonological awareness by different writing systems. The authors and the editors devote this piece of work to Professor K.A. Jayaseelan one of present-day India’s most influential linguists.

New opportunities in the global workplace have heightened interest in business studies. In response to this trend this book presents an in-depth analysis of a corpus of authentic business studies lectures focusing on spoken academic disciplinary and professional features (e.g. speech rate interactive devices specialized lexis) that are crucial to comprehension but often problematic for non-native speakers. The investigation adopts an original multi-pronged approach including quantitative qualitative and comparative analyses. It utilizes techniques drawn mainly from corpus linguistics and discourse analysis but also integrates observational and ethnographic methods to provide unique extra-linguistic insights. The study is thus a full-circle interpretive account of this dynamic spoken genre where academia and profession converge. The book shows how business studies lectures are characterised by a synergy of discourses and communicative channels that reflect the community of practice highlighting the need to help international business students develop multiple literacies to overcome present and future challenges.

This volume contains a careful selection of papers concerned with actual research questions on anaphoric reference a subject of current interest with various linguistic subdisciplines. This is reflected in this book as it methodically covers broadly invested approaches from cognitive neurolinguistic formal and computational perspectives each contribution representing the respective ‘state of the art’ on a high theoretical and empirical level. The volume contains three thematic parts: Anaphors in Cognitive Text- and Discourse Linguistics; The Syntax and Semantics of Anaphors; and Neurolinguistic Studies on the reception of anaphoric reference. The contributions investigate several Indo-European languages.

This book deals with the oft-neglected tensions between perspicuity and fuzziness in specialised communication. It describes the manifestations functions and implications of indeterminacy phenomena in a range of LSP specialisations where it has been customary to expect precision and consistency. The volume presents case studies and methodological frameworks that draw on theoretical anthropological and cognitive linguistics safety-critical translating history and theory of terminology studies development of ontologies software localisation jurisprudence macroeconomics and interoperability of digital knowledge representation resources. With chapters by leading scholars drawn from eleven countries this book contributes to the benchmarking of indeterminacy scholarship in LSP studies and is a fitting tribute to its dedicatee Professor Heribert Picht who even in retirement remains a constant presence in LSP and terminology studies. The book should be of interest to scholars of the aforementioned areas.

In this collective volume the origins neurosocial support and therapeutic implications of (pre)verbal intersubjectivity are examined with a focus on implications of the discovery of mirror neurons. Entailing a paradigmatic revolution in the intersection of developmental social and neural sciences two radical turnabouts are entailed. First no longer can be upheld as valid Cartesian and Leibnizian assumptions about monadic subjects with disembodied minds without windows to each other except as mediated by culture. Supported by a mirror system specified in this volume by some of the discoverers modes of participant perception have now been identified which entail embodied simulation and co-movements with others in felt immediacy. Second no longer can be retained the Piagetian attribution of infant egocentricity. Pioneers who have broken new research grounds in the study of newborns protoconversation and early speech perception document in the present volume infant capacity for interpersonal communion empathic identification and learning by altercentric participation. Pertinent new findings and results are presented on these topics:<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>(i) Origins and multiple layers of intersubjectivity and empathy<br/>(ii) Neurosocial support of (pre)verbal intersubjectivity participant perception and simulation of mind<br/>(iii) From preverbal sharing and early speech perception to meaning acquisition and verbal intersubjectivity<br/>(iv) New windows on other-centred movements and moments of meeting in therapy and intervention. (Series B)