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Narrative Progression in the Short Story : A corpus stylistic approach
Jan 2009
Book
Author(s):
Michael Toolan
One of our most valuable capacities is our ability partly to predict what will come next in a text. But linguistic understanding of this remains very limited especially in genres such as the short story where there is a staging of the clash between predictability and unpredictability. This book proposes that a matrix of narrativity-furthering textual features is crucial to the reader’s forming of expectations about how a literary story will continue to its close. Toolan uses corpus linguistic software and methods and stylistic and narratological theory in the course of delineating the matrix of eight parameters that he sees as crucial to creating narrative progression and expectation. The book will be of interest to stylisticians narratologists corpus linguists and short story scholars.
Voices of the Invisible Presence : Diplomatic interpreters in post-World War II Japan
Jan 2009
Book
Author(s):
Kumiko Torikai
Voices of the Invisible Presence: Diplomatic interpreters in post-World War II Japan examines the role and the making of interpreters in the social political and economic context of postwar Japan using oral history as a method. The primary questions addressed are what kind of people became interpreters in post-WWII Japan how they perceived their role as interpreters and what kind of role they actually played in foreign relations. In search of answers to these questions the living memories of five prominent interpreters were collected in the form of life-story interviews which were then categorized based on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’ ‘field’ and ‘practice’. The experiences of pioneering simultaneous interpreters are analyzed as case studies drawing on Erving Goffman’s ‘participation framework’ and the notion of kurogo in Kabuki theatre leading to the discussion of (in)visibility of interpreters and their perception of language culture and communication.
Declarative and Procedural Determinants of Second Languages
Jan 2009
Book
Author(s):
Michel Paradis
This volume is the outcome of the author’s observations and puzzlement over seventeen years of teaching English and French as second languages followed by 30 years of research into the neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism. It examines within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism (Paradis 2004) the crucial and pervasive contributions made by declarative and procedural memory to the appropriation representation and processing of a second language. This requires careful consideration of a number of concepts associated with issues pertaining to second language research: consciousness interface modularity automaticity proficiency accuracy fluency intake ultimate attainment switching implicit linguistic competence and explicit metalinguistic knowledge. It is informed by data from a variety of domains including language pathology neuroimaging and from each side of the fence practical classroom experience. This book introduces four further proposals within the framework of a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism: (1) There are two sets of cerebral representations those that are capable of reaching consciousness and those that are not; implicit grammar is inherently not capable of reaching consciousness. (2) The increased activation observed in neuroimaging studies during the use of a second language is not devoted to the processing of implicit linguistic competence. (3) Intake is doubly implicit. (4) Given the premise that metalinguistic knowledge cannot be converted into implicit competence there can be no possible interface between the two.
Sign Language Acquisition
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
Anne E. Baker and
Bencie Woll
How children acquire a sign language and the stages of sign language development are extremely important topics in sign linguistics and deaf education with studies in this field enabling assessment of an individual child’s communicative skills in comparison to others. In order to do research in this area it is important to use the right methodological tools. The contributions to this volume address issues covering the basics of doing sign acquisition research the use of assessment tools problems of transcription analyzing narratives and carrying out interaction studies. It serves as an ideal reference source for any researcher or student of sign languages who is planning to do such work. This volume was originally published as a Special Issue of Sign Language & Linguistics 8:1/2 (2005)
Lexical Cohesion and Corpus Linguistics
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
John Flowerdew and
Michaela Mahlberg
Lexical cohesion is about meaning in text. It concerns the ways in which lexical items relate to each other and to other cohesive devices so that textual continuity is created. Traditionally lexical cohesion (along with other types of cohesion) has been investigated in individual texts. With the advent of corpus techniques however there is potential to investigate lexical cohesion with reference to large corpora. This collection of papers illustrates a variety of corpus approaches to lexical cohesion. Contributions deal with lexical cohesion in relation to rhetorical structure lexical bundles and discourse signalling discourse intonation semantic prosody use of signalling nouns and corpus linguistic theory. The volume also considers implications that innovative approaches to lexical cohesion can have for language teaching. This volume was originally published as a Special Issue of International Journal of Corpus Linguistics volume 11:3 (2006).
Representational Deficits in SLA : Studies in honor of Roger Hawkins
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
Neal Snape,
Yan-kit Ingrid Leung and
Michael Sharwood Smith
The main focus of this collection is to explore the question of “representational deficits” in second language acquisition currently a much-debated topic. The volume is intended as a tribute to Roger Hawkins a leading scholar in generative second language acquisition whose research has been devoted to explaining lack of native-like success in terms of representational deficits. The papers in this volume feature a range of studies all undertaken within a generative linguistic framework which investigate various properties of L2 grammar bearing on the question of whether or not there are representational deficits in the post-critical-period L2 learners’ grammar. The significance of such deficits if their existence can be confirmed is that they provide support for the claim at least for the type of L2 learner under investigation that there are insurmountable obstacles to ultimate attainment. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>
Mind that Abides : Panpsychism in the new millennium
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
David Skrbina
Panpsychism is the view that all things living and nonliving possess some mind like quality. It stands in sharp contrast to the traditional notion of mind as the property of humans and (perhaps) a few select ‘higher animals’. Though surprising at first glance panpsychism has a long and noble history in both Western and Eastern thought. Overlooked by analytical materialist philosophy for most of the 20th century it is now experiencing a renaissance of sorts in several areas of inquiry. A number of recent books – including Skrbina’s Panpsychism in the West (2005) and Strawson et al’s Consciousness and its Place in Nature (2006) – have established panpsychism as respectable and viable. Mind That Abides builds on these works. It takes panpsychism to be a plausible theory of mind and then moves forward to work out the philosophical psychological and ethical implications. With 17 contributors from a variety of fields this book promises to mark a wholesale change in our philosophical outlook. (Series A)
Deconstructing Constructions
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
Christopher S. Butler and
Javier Martín Arista
This collection of papers brings together contributions from experts in functional linguistics and in Construction Grammar approaches with the aim of exploring the concept of construction from different angles and trying to arrive at a better understanding of what a construction is and what roles constructions play in the frameworks which can be located within a multidimensional functional-cognitive space. At the same time the volume has a historical dimension for instance in plotting the developments which led to recent models. The book is organised in three sections: the first deals with particular theoretical issues the second is devoted to the recent Lexical Constructional Model and the third presents a number of analyses of specific constructions. The volume thus makes an important contribution to the ongoing debate about the relationship between functionalist and constructionist models.
Corpora and Language Teaching
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
Karin Aijmer
The articles in this edited volume represent a broad coverage of areas. They discuss the role and effectiveness of corpora and corpus-linguistic techniques for language teaching but also deal with broader issues such as the relationship between corpora and second language teaching and how the different perspectives of foreign language teachers and applied linguists can be reconciled. A number of concrete examples are given of how authentic corpus material can be used for different learning activities in the classroom. It is also shown how specific learner problems for example in the area of phraseology can be studied on the basis of learner corpora and textbook corpora. On the basis of learner corpora of speech and writing it is further shown that even advanced learners of English are uncertain about stylistic and text type differences.
Grammar as Processor : A Distributed Morphology account of spontaneous speech errors
Jan 2009
Book
Author(s):
Roland Pfau
Spontaneous speech errors provide valuable evidence not only for the processes that mediate between a communicative intention and the articulation of an utterance but also for the types of grammatical entities that are manipulated during production. This study proposes an analysis of speech errors that is informed by grammar theory. In particular it is shown how characteristic properties of erroneous German utterances can be accounted for within Distributed Morphology (DM). The investigation focuses on two groups of errors: Errors that result from the manipulation of semantic and morphosyntactic features and errors which appear to involve the application of a post-error repair strategy. It is argued that a production model which incorporates DM allows for a straightforward account of the attested sometimes complex error patterns. DM mechanisms for instance render unnecessary the assumption of repair processes. Besides providing an account for the attested error patterns the theory also helps us in explaining why certain errors do not occur. In this sense DM makes for a psychologically real model of grammar.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>
Time and Again : Theoretical perspectives on formal linguistics. In honor of D. Terence Langendoen
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
William D. Lewis,
Simin Karimi,
Heidi Harley and
Scott O. Farrar
This volume is a collection of papers that highlights some recurring themes that have surfaced in the generative tradition in linguistics over the past 40 years. The volume is more than a historical take on a theoretical tradition; rather it is also a "compass" pointing to exciting new empirical directions inspired by generative theory. In fact the papers show a progression from core theoretical concerns to data-driven experimental investigation and can be divided roughly into two categories: those that follow a syntactic and theoretical course and those that follow an experimental or applied path. Many of the papers revisit long-standing or recurring themes in the generative tradition some of which seek experimental validation or refutation. The merger of theoretical and experimental concerns makes this volume stand out but it is also forward looking in that it addresses the recent concerns of the creation and consumption of data across the discipline.
An Introduction to Old Frisian : History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary
Jan 2009
Book
Author(s):
Rolf H. Bremmer, Jr.
This is the first text book to offer a comprehensive approach to Old Frisian. Part One begins with a succinct survey of the history of the Frisians during the Middle Ages their society and literary culture. Next follow chapters on the phonology morphology word formation and syntax of Old Frisian. This part is concluded by a chapter on the Old Frisian dialects and one on problems regarding the periodization of Frisian and the close relationship between (Old) Frisian and (Old) English. Part Two consists of a reader with a representative selection of twenty-one texts with explanatory notes and a full glossary. A bibliography and a select index complete the book. Written by an experienced teacher and researcher in the field An Introduction to Old Frisian is an essential resource for students and researchers of Frisian Old English and other ‘Old’ Germanic languages and cultures and for medievalists working in this area. The second unrevised 2011 reprint of the original edition contains several corrections.
Efforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research : A tribute to Daniel Gile
Jan 2009
Book
Editor(s):
Gyde Hansen,
Andrew Chesterman and
Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast
This volume covers a wide range of topics in Interpreting and Translation Research. Some deal with scientometrics and the history of Interpreting Studies arguments about conceptual analysis meta-language and interpreters’ risk-taking strategies. Other papers are on research skills like career management writing communicative abstracts and the practicalities of survey research. Several contributions address empirical issues such as expertise in Simultaneous Interpreting the cognitive load imposed on interpreters by a non-native accent the impact of intonation on interpreting quality linguistic interference in Simultaneous Interpreting similarities between translation and interpreting and the relation between translation competence and revision competence. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/> The collection is a tribute to Daniel Gile in appreciation of his creativity and his commitment to interpreting and translation research. All the contributions in some way show his influence or are related to the models and research he has shaped.