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This two-part volume provides a collection of 27 linguistic studies and contributions that shed light on the evolution of different Englishes world-wide (varieties learner Englishes dialects creoles) from a broad spectrum of different perspectives including both synchronic and diachronic approaches. What makes the volume unique is that it is the first-ever contribution to the field which includes a section exclusively commited towards testing discussing and refining Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model against recent realities of English world-wide (Part 1). These realities include a wide variety of case studies ranging from regions (socio)linguistically as diverse as South Africa the Phillipines Cyprus or Germany. Part 2 goes beyond the Dynamic Model and offers both empirical and theoretical perspectives on the evolution of World Englishes. In doing so it provides contributions with a theoretical focus on the topic as well as cross-varietal accounts; it sheds light on individual Englishes from different geographical regions and offers new perspectives on “old” varieties.

The papers in this volume aim at facilitating exchange between three fields of inquiry that are of great importance in historical linguistics: language change (socio)linguistic research on variation and contact linguistics. Drawing on a range of recently-developed methodological innovations such as methods for quantifying the linguistic variation (that is a prerequisite for language change) or new corpus-based methods for investigating text-type variation the contributors are able to trace linguistic change in different periods and contact situations demonstrate how variation occurs and in how far language change results out of this variation. Thus the chapters go beyond core issues of language variation and change focusing on the boundary between word and grammar discourse and ideology in the history of the English language.

Contexts of Subordination: Cognitive typological and discourse perspectives is a collection of articles that approaches linguistic subordination as a semantico-grammatical and pragmatic phenomenon. The volume brings together cognitive interactional and typological perspectives and is characterised by extensive use of multi-genre data. The collection aims at a more precise understanding of subordination by emphasizing its pragmatic and contextual nature. Subordination and its linguistic realizations are studied from the perspective of language in its actual contexts of use as an interactional resource available to language users in both written and spoken language. In addition the authors produce typologically relevant information about subordination in the different varieties and genres of the studied languages (English Estonian Finnish and French). These qualities make the book unique in the field of subordination studies.

Doing more than one thing at the same time – a phenomenon that is often called ‘multitasking’ – is characteristic to many situations in everyday and professional life. Although we all experience it its real time features remain understudied. Multiactivity in Social Interaction: Beyond multitasking offers a fresh view to the phenomenon by presenting studies that explore how two or more activities can be related and made co-relevant as people interact with one another. The studies build on the basis that multiactivity is a social verbal and embodied phenomenon. They investigate multiactivity by using video recordings of real-life interactions from a range of different contexts such as medical settings office workplaces and car driving. With the companion collection Interacting with Objects: Language materiality and social activity the book advances understanding of the complex organisation and accomplishment of social interaction especially the significance of embodiment materiality participation and temporality. A close appreciation of how people use language and interact for and during multiactivity will not only interest researchers in language and social interaction communication studies and discourse analysis but will be very valuable for scholars in cognitive sciences psychology and sociology.

The construction of discourse is a challenging field where many discourse structures and interactional effects remain poorly understood. This analysis provides a systematic explanation for the way in which discourse participants (speaker and hearer) are construed in Spanish through a corpus-driven analysis of informal conversation TV-debates and parliamentary debates. It deals not only with person deixis but with the full range of possibilities speakers choose from when profiling their self or their relationship with the interlocutor. This analysis also offers new insights into the operationalization of the concepts of subjectivity and intersubjectivity as tools for the analysis of person reference and genre comparison. The comparative and corpus-driven approach offers methodological tools for genre analysis that can be transposed to other languages and/or genres. The detailed description of three socially highly relevant discourse types from a cognitive-functional perspective makes this book a useful resource not only for pragmatists but also for researchers in political and media discourse.

Building on existing analytical frameworks this book provides a new methodology allowing different language policies in international multilingual organisations (or “language regimes”) to be compared and evaluated on the basis of criteria such as efficiency and fairness. It explains step-by-step how to organise the evaluation of language regimes and how to design and interpret indicators for such evaluation. The second part of this book applies the theoretical framework to the evaluation of the language policy of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) division of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and the European Patent Office (EPO). Results show that an increase in linguistic diversity of the language regimes of patent organisations can both improve the efficiency of the patent system and lead to a more balanced distribution of costs among countries. This book is a resource for scholars in language policy and planning and for policy-makers in the international and European patent system.

This volume brings together a selection of papers presented at the 12th International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS XII) held in St. Petersburg Russia 28 August – 2 September 2011. It begins with contributions on 17th-century rationalist ideas and practical grammar writing and then covers a great variety of 18th and 19th century topics from Western grammars of Chinese to Saussure’s remarks on semiology of the years 1881–1891. The most noteworthy feature however is an entire section devoted to linguistics in Russia from the early Soviet period until the 1950s including attempts to establish a Marxist view of language as well as phases to critically adapt Western ideas and at times efforts to participate successfully in international linguistic scholarship both in phonetics and semantics.

This book intended primarily for researchers and advanced students expands greatly on previous work by the authors exploring the topography of the multidimensional “functional-cognitive space” within which functional cognitive and/or constructionist approaches to language can be located. The analysis covers a broad range of 16 such approaches with some additional references to Chomskyan minimalism and is based on 58 questionnaire items each rated by 29 experts on particular models for their importance in the model concerned. These ratings are analysed statistically to reveal overall patterns of (dis)similarity across models. The questionnaire ratings and experts’ comments are then used together with the authors’ close reading of the literature in detailed discussion leading to a final dichotomous rating for each feature in each model the results again being analysed statistically. The final chapter presents the overall conclusions and suggests how existing collaborations between approaches could be strengthened and new ones created in future research.

Exploring Functional-Cognitive Space has been awarded the 2016 prize of the Spanish Association for Applied Linguistics (Asociación Española de Lingüística Aplicada AESLA) for work by experienced researchers.

True Emotions discusses several key problems in emotion research. The question about the true nature of emotions focuses on the role of cognition in human emotions at different levels of analysis: functional role types of processes and representations and neural implementation. Truth to the self or authenticity has two meanings psychological and normative where the latter is analyzed as coherence between the evaluative content of an emotion and the subject’s internally justified beliefs and values. Truth to the world is argued to be a matter of correct evaluative representation of the emotional object on the one hand and the existence of the object or the actuality or accurate probability of the represented situation on the other hand. Finally authenticity and truth are applied to analyses of the authenticity of occupational emotions and the constitution of sentimental values respectively. Recommended reading for philosophers psychologists sociologists and gender researchers.

How is it that some texts achieve the status of literature? Partly at least because the relationship they allow between their writers and the people who respond to them is fundamentally egalitarian. This is the insight explored by members of the Åbo literary communication network who in this new book develop fresh approaches to literary works of widely varied provenance. The authors examined have written in Ancient Greek Táng Dynasty Chinese Middle Modern and Contemporary English German Romanian Polish Russian and Hebrew. But each and every one of them is shown as having offered their human fellows something which despite some striking appearances to the contrary amounts to a welcoming invitation. This their audiences have then been able to negotiate in a spirit of dialogical interchange.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Part I of the book poses the question: How in offering their invitation have writers respected their audiences’ human autonomy? This is the province of what Åbo scholars call "communicational criticism". Part II asks how an audience negotiating a literary invitation can be encouraged to respect the human autonomy of the writer who has offered it. In Åbo parlance such encouragement is the task of "mediating criticism". These two modes of criticism naturally complement each other and in their shared concern for communicational ethics ultimately seek to further a post-postmodern world that would be global without being hegemonic.