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Referring to entities is one of the key functions of language; learning to understand and use the relevant referential expressions is one of children’s major linguistic achievements. The 13 chapters of this volume bring together a wealth of information on the acquisition of referential processes in infants pre-schoolers and school-age children drawing on data from more than 25 languages ranging from Italian to Inuktitut and from Norwegian to Turkish. This book presents the state-of-the-art of corpus and experimental research on the acquisition of reference. The breadth of aspects of referential acquisition will make the volume appealing to a wide audience of researchers including linguists and psycholinguists working on phonological morpho-syntactic and discourse-pragmatic aspects of language development. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted by several of the contributors will be of particular interest to researchers investigating the relevance of typological differences. The state-of-the-art approach makes the research accessible to specialist and non-specialist researchers alike and will provide an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses.

This volume is a collection of advanced laboratory phonology research papers concerned with the interaction between the physical and the mental aspects of speech and language. The traditional linguistic theoretic distinction between phonetics and phonology is put to the test here in a series of articles that deal with some of the fundamental issues in the field from first and second language acquisition to segmental and supra-segmental phenomena in a range of different languages. Unique features of this volume are the development of innovative experimental methodologies advanced techniques of data analysis latest-generation equipment for the observation of speech and their combined critical application to the study of the phonetics-phonology interface. The volume is therefore not only of great interest but of outstanding value and importance to anyone who wishes to be completely apprised of the latest advances in this crucial area of phonological research.

The case-studies assembled in these two volumes span a lifetime of research into the diachrony of grammar. That is into the rise and fall of syntactic constructions and their attendant grammatical morphology. While focused squarely on the data the studies are nonetheless cast in an explicit theoretical perspective – adaptive developmental variationist. Taken as a whole this work constitutes a frontal assault on Ferdinand de Saussure's corrosive legacy in linguistics. Over the years reviewers slapped the author's wrist periodically for having dared to commit that most heinous of sins against de Saussure's hallowed legacy – panchronic grammar. In this work he pleads guilty having never seen a piece of synchronic data that didn't reek to high heaven of the diachrony that gave it rise. Reek in two distinct ways: first with the frozen relics of the past that prompt us to reconstruct prior diachronic states; and second with the synchronic variation that hints at ongoing change. Conversely the author confesses to having never seen a diachronic explanation that did not hinge on the synchronic principles – Carnap's general propositions – that govern language behavior. The synchrony and diachrony of grammar are twin faces of the same coin. To study one without the other is to gut both. By understanding how synchronic grammars come into being we also understand the cognitive communicative neurological and developmental universals that constrain diachronic change – and through it synchronic typology.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza (Madrid 1893) our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably and most manuscript and secondary sources had never been tapped before Hans-Josef Niederehe of the University of Trier courageously undertook the task to bring together any available bibliographical information together with much more recent research findings scattered in libraries journals and other places. The resulting Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística la gramática y la lexicografía del español: Desde los principios hasta el año 1600 (BICRES) began appearing in 1994. BICRES I covered the period from the early beginnings to 1600 followed by BICRES II (1601–1700) BICRES III (1701–1800) and together with Miguel Ángel Esparza Torres of Madrid there followed BICRES IV (1801 to 1860). Now the fifth volume has become available covering the years from 1861 to 1899. Access to the bibliographical information of altogether 5272 titles is facilitated by several detailed indexes such as a short title index a listing of printers publishers and places of production and an author index.

More than twenty years of research in the major libraries of Spain and other European countries have gone into this unique work — relative sources of the Americas have also been covered — making it exhaustive source for any serious scholar of any possible aspect of the Spanish language.

Corpus linguistics has had a revolutionary impact on grammar and discourse research. Not only has it opened up entirely new theoretical perspectives and methodological possibilities for both fields but it has also to a considerable extent erased the boundaries that have traditionally been drawn between them. This book showcases a variety of current corpus-based approaches to the study of grammar and discourse and makes a case for seeing grammar and discourse as fundamentally inter-related phenomena. The book features contributions from leading experts in cognitive linguistics construction grammar critical discourse studies genre and register analysis phraseology language learning and teaching languages for specific purposes second language acquisition sociolinguistics systemic functional linguistics and text linguistics. An essential reference point for future research Corpora Grammar and Discourse has been edited in honour of Susan Hunston whose own work has consistently pushed at the boundaries of corpus-based research on grammar and discourse for over three decades.

This book examines the language development of two children from the ages of two till four who are growing up exposed to English Swiss German and French. Its aim is to ascertain the importance of different environmental factors in fostering active trilingualism. These factors include the quantity of input for each language whether or not the societal language is spoken in the home and the conversational style of the caregivers. Although increasing numbers of children are being raised trilingually research in this field is scarce; this study thus makes an important contribution to our knowledge of trilingual language acquisition. A special point of interest lies in a comparison of the acquisition of two minority languages by a single child since this allows us to pinpoint more precisely how the development of non-societal languages can be influenced. This book will be of considerable interest to researchers and students working on multilingualism and language acquisition alike.

This is the first book entirely and exclusively devoted to the grammar of the two copular verbs ser and estar certainly one of the most intriguing features of Spanish grammar. Although the topic has long attracted the interest of scholars it had never given rise to a collection of papers that covers both theoretical issues in syntax and semantics and topics in the acquisition domain. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the central research questions concerning the ser / estar alternation: the syntactic or semantic nature of the distinction its link with aspect and with the Individual-Level / Stage-Level distinction and its connection with interface phenomena. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in Hispanic linguistics but can be equally attractive for researchers working on Romance linguistics theoretical linguistics (syntax semantics pragmatics) acquisition theory and historical linguistics.

Satire is clearly one of today’s most controversial socio-cultural topics. In this edited volume The Power of Satire it is studied for the first time as a dynamic discursive mode of performance with the power of crossing and contesting cultural boundaries. The collected essays reflect the fundamental shift from literary satire or straightforward literary rhetoric with a relatively limited societal impact to satire’s multi-mediality in the transnational public space where it can cause intercultural clashes and negotiations on a large scale. An appropriate set of heuristic themes – space target rhetoric media time – serves as the analytical framework for the investigations and determines the organization of the book as a whole. The contributions written by an international group of experts with diverse disciplinary backgrounds manifest academic standards with a balance between theoretical analyses and evaluations on the one hand and in-depth case studies on the other.

Mit dem vorliegenden Buch setzen wir unsere Studie zur Genese der heutigen Epochen-Systematik fort. Aufgrund der ebenso vielfältigen wie profunden Transformationen die während des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts stattfanden konzentriert es sich die Analyse der jüngeren Entwicklungen für den dritten Band reservierend ganz auf diesen Zeitraum. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Unter Fokussierung auf die führenden europäischen Volkssprachen (Englisch Französisch Deutsch Italienisch Spanisch Portugiesisch) thematisieren wir jeweils zum einen die für die Anfänge bzw. Ausgestaltungen des konzeptionellen Wandels relevanten Literaten zum anderen seine durch die ungemein reichhaltige Lexikographie dokumentierte Verbreitung. Detailliert berücksichtigt wird hierbei auch die signifikante schon recht früh einsetzende Globalisierungstendenz die sich in der kräftigen Resonanz des ursprünglich rein europäischen Konzepts in der autochthonen literarischen wie lexikographischen Produktion des anglo- hispano- und lusophonen Amerika manifestierte.<br/>Der Adressatenkreis des Buches umfaßt Lehrende und Studierende der Geschichtswissenschaft im allgemeinen der Historie zahlreicher weiterer Disziplinen wie etwa Geschichte der Philosophie der Künste des Rechts oder der Geologie ferner der klassischen Philologie und ihrer modernen Pendants wie Anglistik Romanistik oder Germanistik sowie nicht zuletzt der Lexikographie.<br/>---<br/>The volume at hand is a continuation of our studies on the genesis of today’s system of epochs. Owing to the equally profound and multifarious transformations taking place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it focuses exclusively on this period with an analysis of the most recent developments to follow in a third volume. <br/>In concentrating on the preeminent European vernaculars (English French German Italian Spanish Portuguese) we will lay special emphasis for one on the authors who were most influential concerning the beginnings and specific contents of conceptual changes. On the other hand we will focus on the exceptional abundance of lexicographical sources to show how and when these transformations spread. Furthermore the significant tendency to globalization which can already be seen fairly early on is given ample recognition in this context. Indeed the autochthonous literary and lexicographical productions of Anglophone Hispanophone and Lusophone America are manifestations of the vivid reverberations of a concept that was originally purely European. <br/>This publication addresses teachers and students of historical scholarship in general as well as of the subject-specific history of various disciplines such as history of philosophy law or geology art history classical philology and their modern counterparts such as English Romance or German Studies and last but not least the history of lexicography.

Languages and language varieties around the globe have been diminishing at an astonishing rate. Despite great efforts at language documentation scholarship on metaphors and figurative units – often particularly fragile parts of language – has been largely neglected until recently. This book like its predecessor Endangered Metaphors (CLSCC 2 2012) focuses on disappearing metaphors and idioms from languages of diverse continents. Moreover the book analyzes work from online social interaction discusses topics such as language maintenance educational practice and revitalization as well as future directions for endangered metaphor studies. The book is highly innovative and produces new findings for linguistics and cultural studies: the more languages are examined especially minority varieties distant from western languages the more questionable becomes “universality” in the field of metaphor with unique linguistic data across chapters evidencing the non-universality of conceptual metaphors and calling for a revision of existing metaphor theories. The book will be of special interest to: linguistics (metaphor and phraseology research applied linguistics sociolinguistics linguistic anthropology) public policy sociology; community activists and educators of language maintenance and revitalization.