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Linguistic Variation in Research Articles investigates the linguistic characteristics of academic research articles going beyond a traditional analysis of the generically-defined research article to take into account varied realizations of research articles within and across disciplines. It combines corpus-based analyses of 70+ linguistic features with analyses of the situational or non-linguistic characteristics of the Academic Journal Registers Corpus: 270 research articles from 6 diverse disciplines (philosophy history political science applied linguistics biology physics) and representing three sub-registers (theoretical quantitative and qualitative research). Comprehensive analyses include a lexical/grammatical survey an exploration of structural complexity and a Multi-Dimensional analysis all interpreted relative to the situational analysis of the corpus. The finding that linguistic variation in research articles does not occur along a single parameter like discipline is discussed relative to our understanding of disciplinary practices the multidimensional nature of variation in research articles and resulting methodological considerations for corpus studies of disciplinary writing.

Zapotec languages present a wide range of lexical morphological phonological and syntactic means of indicating valence changes. Despite their significant theoretical interest detailed descriptions of valence-changing phenomena in Zapotec are rare comparative studies are practically non-existent and Zapotec contributions to the general typology of valence-changing phenomena still remain largely untapped. The present volume addresses this imbalance by being the first to explore Zapotec valence-changing constructions in depth and to highlight their broad comparative typological and theoretical significance. This book contains both write-ups of contributions to the Special Session on Valence-Changing Devices in Zapotecan (annual meeting of SSILA 2012) and specially commissioned chapters. It will be of interest to Zapotecanists Otomangueanists Mesoamericanists typologists morphologists syntacticians semanticians and general linguists with an interest in valence-changing phenomena and may also be used as supplementary reading in field methods and typology courses.

The miracle of children's language development and the joy of expressive language on the one hand and the vulnerability of language and the sorrow and grief caused by its distortion or even loss in people with aphasia or dementia on the other hand show us the inseparability of emotion and language in its extremes.

Although the ‘emotional turn’ promised a paradigmatic shift from a rationalistic towards an emotion-integrating conceptualization of language hardly any interdisciplinary research has focused on the interplay between emotion and language. The present book covers the wide range of work on Emotion in Language with contributions from numerous disciplines in the three areas of Theory Research and Application. With contributions both from well-known pioneers in the area of this topic as well as from young scientists the book offers a broad range of perspectives from linguistics and language development to neurology psychology and developmental neuropsychology and to the fields of philosophy and phenomenology.

Gaze in Human-Robot Communication is a volume collecting recent research studying gaze behaviour in human-robot interaction (HRI). The selected articles draw inspiration from related research into gaze in human-human interaction in fields ranging from ethnography to neuroscience. The major themes of these articles include: the experimental investigation of human responses to robot gaze the investigation of the impact of coordinating gaze acts with speech and the development of hardware and software technologies for enabling robot gaze. This volume provides an excellent introduction to the depth and breadth of this growing research area in HRI. The highly interdisciplinary nature of the work presented should make it of interest both to robotics researchers and to researchers from other fields with an interest in the role of gaze in communication.

Originally published in Interaction Studies Vol. 14:3 (2013).

This volume addresses the role of communicative interaction in driving various dimensions of second language development from the perspective of Vygotskian sociocultural psychology. Emphasizing the dialectical relationship between the external-social world and individual mental functioning the chapters delve into a wide range of topics illustrating how the social and the individual are united in interaction. Themes include psychological and human mediation joint action negotiation for meaning the role of first language use embodied and nonverbal behaviors and interactional competencies. Theoretical discussions and key concepts are reinforced and illustrated with detailed qualitative analyses of interaction in a variety of second language contexts. Each chapter also includes pedagogical recommendations. Supplemental materials or ‘data sessions’ that engage the readers with the themes presented in the book through sample analytic exercises are included while videos have been made available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.44.video.

This monograph examines how language contributes to the social coordination of actions in talk-in-interaction. Focusing on a set of frequently used constructions in French (left-dislocation right-dislocation topicalization and hanging topic) the study provides an empirically rich contribution to the understanding of grammar as thoroughly temporal emergent and contingent upon its use in social interaction. Based on data from a range of everyday interactions the authors investigate speakers’ use of these constructions as resources for organizing social interaction showing how speakers continuously adapt revise and extend grammatical trajectories in real time in response to local contingencies. The book is designed to be both informative for the specialized scholar and accessible to the graduate student familiar with conversation analysis and/or interactional linguistics.

Metaphor in Specialist Discourse presents multiple perspectives on metaphor use in specialist and popularized discourse contexts. Using genre and register as starting parameters for deeper exploration and pushing the boundaries further to open up new areas and possibilities ten independent articles investigate metaphor use across a range of specialist domains of discourse such as biology research articles psychological counseling soccer commentaries workfloor communication and penal policy documents. Framed by two theoretical chapters the book is a contribution to the study of metaphor use in distinct discourse settings that will be of value to linguists and metaphor scholars of different persuasions graduate students of linguistics and related disciplines and practitioners of specialized areas with an interest in (verbal or gestural) language use in their areas of expertise. It shows that aspects of discourse variation are the beginning of not an afterthought to accurate empirical metaphor studies.

This book focuses on theory research and practice related to lexical input processing (lex-IP) an exciting field exploring how learners allocate their limited processing resources when exposed to words and lexical phrases in the input. Unit 1 specifies parameters of lex-IP research among other levels of input processing as well as key components (form meaning mapping) and contexts (incidental/intentional) of vocabulary learning. Unit 2 highlights theoretical advances such as the type of processing – resource allocation (TOPRA) model consistent with research on tasks (sentence writing word copying word retrieval) that learners may perform during vocabulary learning. Unit 3 highlights patterns in partial word form learning and input-based effects including the value of increased exposure drawbacks of presenting vocabulary in semantic sets and advantages of input enhancement particularly with regard to increasing talker speaking-style and speaking-rate variability in spoken input. The book unifies a range of research pertinent to lex-IP summarizes theoretical and instructional implications and proposes intriguing new directions for future research.

Certain grammatical elements help hearers know how propositions are conceptually related: Does a given proposition advance the foregrounded event line or not? Initiate versus continue an event chain? Indicate that one proposition belongs to a different "mental space" from the previous one? Provide background information? Studies in this volume show that African languages sometimes support but often refute the idea that perfective aspect or past tense marks the narrative event line. Rather languages may employ clause level constructions conjunctions or connectives tonal melodies on verbs or subjects specialized auxiliaries special verb forms and even dependent clause and imperfective aspect forms. Often correlation of such grammatical elements with the event line is a subcase of a more general function. Analyses in this volume contribute to developing a typology of the expression of discourse functions a field of research which has so far been minimally addressed from a typological perspective.

This book provides a linguist with a statistical toolkit for exploration and analysis of linguistic data. It employs R a free software environment for statistical computing which is increasingly popular among linguists. How to do Linguistics with R: Data exploration and statistical analysis is unique in its scope as it covers a wide range of classical and cutting-edge statistical methods including different flavours of regression analysis and ANOVA random forests and conditional inference trees as well as specific linguistic approaches among which are Behavioural Profiles Vector Space Models and various measures of association between words and constructions. The statistical topics are presented comprehensively but without too much technical detail and illustrated with linguistic case studies that answer non-trivial research questions. The book also demonstrates how to visualize linguistic data with the help of attractive informative graphs including the popular ggplot2 system and Google visualization tools.

This book has a companion website: http://doi.org/10.1075/z.195.website

Referring to entities is one of the key functions of language; learning to understand and use the relevant referential expressions is one of children’s major linguistic achievements. The 13 chapters of this volume bring together a wealth of information on the acquisition of referential processes in infants pre-schoolers and school-age children drawing on data from more than 25 languages ranging from Italian to Inuktitut and from Norwegian to Turkish. This book presents the state-of-the-art of corpus and experimental research on the acquisition of reference. The breadth of aspects of referential acquisition will make the volume appealing to a wide audience of researchers including linguists and psycholinguists working on phonological morpho-syntactic and discourse-pragmatic aspects of language development. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted by several of the contributors will be of particular interest to researchers investigating the relevance of typological differences. The state-of-the-art approach makes the research accessible to specialist and non-specialist researchers alike and will provide an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses.

This volume is a collection of advanced laboratory phonology research papers concerned with the interaction between the physical and the mental aspects of speech and language. The traditional linguistic theoretic distinction between phonetics and phonology is put to the test here in a series of articles that deal with some of the fundamental issues in the field from first and second language acquisition to segmental and supra-segmental phenomena in a range of different languages. Unique features of this volume are the development of innovative experimental methodologies advanced techniques of data analysis latest-generation equipment for the observation of speech and their combined critical application to the study of the phonetics-phonology interface. The volume is therefore not only of great interest but of outstanding value and importance to anyone who wishes to be completely apprised of the latest advances in this crucial area of phonological research.

The case-studies assembled in these two volumes span a lifetime of research into the diachrony of grammar. That is into the rise and fall of syntactic constructions and their attendant grammatical morphology. While focused squarely on the data the studies are nonetheless cast in an explicit theoretical perspective – adaptive developmental variationist. Taken as a whole this work constitutes a frontal assault on Ferdinand de Saussure's corrosive legacy in linguistics. Over the years reviewers slapped the author's wrist periodically for having dared to commit that most heinous of sins against de Saussure's hallowed legacy – panchronic grammar. In this work he pleads guilty having never seen a piece of synchronic data that didn't reek to high heaven of the diachrony that gave it rise. Reek in two distinct ways: first with the frozen relics of the past that prompt us to reconstruct prior diachronic states; and second with the synchronic variation that hints at ongoing change. Conversely the author confesses to having never seen a diachronic explanation that did not hinge on the synchronic principles – Carnap's general propositions – that govern language behavior. The synchrony and diachrony of grammar are twin faces of the same coin. To study one without the other is to gut both. By understanding how synchronic grammars come into being we also understand the cognitive communicative neurological and developmental universals that constrain diachronic change – and through it synchronic typology.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza (Madrid 1893) our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably and most manuscript and secondary sources had never been tapped before Hans-Josef Niederehe of the University of Trier courageously undertook the task to bring together any available bibliographical information together with much more recent research findings scattered in libraries journals and other places. The resulting Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística la gramática y la lexicografía del español: Desde los principios hasta el año 1600 (BICRES) began appearing in 1994. BICRES I covered the period from the early beginnings to 1600 followed by BICRES II (1601–1700) BICRES III (1701–1800) and together with Miguel Ángel Esparza Torres of Madrid there followed BICRES IV (1801 to 1860). Now the fifth volume has become available covering the years from 1861 to 1899. Access to the bibliographical information of altogether 5272 titles is facilitated by several detailed indexes such as a short title index a listing of printers publishers and places of production and an author index.

More than twenty years of research in the major libraries of Spain and other European countries have gone into this unique work — relative sources of the Americas have also been covered — making it exhaustive source for any serious scholar of any possible aspect of the Spanish language.

Corpus linguistics has had a revolutionary impact on grammar and discourse research. Not only has it opened up entirely new theoretical perspectives and methodological possibilities for both fields but it has also to a considerable extent erased the boundaries that have traditionally been drawn between them. This book showcases a variety of current corpus-based approaches to the study of grammar and discourse and makes a case for seeing grammar and discourse as fundamentally inter-related phenomena. The book features contributions from leading experts in cognitive linguistics construction grammar critical discourse studies genre and register analysis phraseology language learning and teaching languages for specific purposes second language acquisition sociolinguistics systemic functional linguistics and text linguistics. An essential reference point for future research Corpora Grammar and Discourse has been edited in honour of Susan Hunston whose own work has consistently pushed at the boundaries of corpus-based research on grammar and discourse for over three decades.

This book examines the language development of two children from the ages of two till four who are growing up exposed to English Swiss German and French. Its aim is to ascertain the importance of different environmental factors in fostering active trilingualism. These factors include the quantity of input for each language whether or not the societal language is spoken in the home and the conversational style of the caregivers. Although increasing numbers of children are being raised trilingually research in this field is scarce; this study thus makes an important contribution to our knowledge of trilingual language acquisition. A special point of interest lies in a comparison of the acquisition of two minority languages by a single child since this allows us to pinpoint more precisely how the development of non-societal languages can be influenced. This book will be of considerable interest to researchers and students working on multilingualism and language acquisition alike.

This is the first book entirely and exclusively devoted to the grammar of the two copular verbs ser and estar certainly one of the most intriguing features of Spanish grammar. Although the topic has long attracted the interest of scholars it had never given rise to a collection of papers that covers both theoretical issues in syntax and semantics and topics in the acquisition domain. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the central research questions concerning the ser / estar alternation: the syntactic or semantic nature of the distinction its link with aspect and with the Individual-Level / Stage-Level distinction and its connection with interface phenomena. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in Hispanic linguistics but can be equally attractive for researchers working on Romance linguistics theoretical linguistics (syntax semantics pragmatics) acquisition theory and historical linguistics.

Satire is clearly one of today’s most controversial socio-cultural topics. In this edited volume The Power of Satire it is studied for the first time as a dynamic discursive mode of performance with the power of crossing and contesting cultural boundaries. The collected essays reflect the fundamental shift from literary satire or straightforward literary rhetoric with a relatively limited societal impact to satire’s multi-mediality in the transnational public space where it can cause intercultural clashes and negotiations on a large scale. An appropriate set of heuristic themes – space target rhetoric media time – serves as the analytical framework for the investigations and determines the organization of the book as a whole. The contributions written by an international group of experts with diverse disciplinary backgrounds manifest academic standards with a balance between theoretical analyses and evaluations on the one hand and in-depth case studies on the other.

Mit dem vorliegenden Buch setzen wir unsere Studie zur Genese der heutigen Epochen-Systematik fort. Aufgrund der ebenso vielfältigen wie profunden Transformationen die während des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts stattfanden konzentriert es sich die Analyse der jüngeren Entwicklungen für den dritten Band reservierend ganz auf diesen Zeitraum. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Unter Fokussierung auf die führenden europäischen Volkssprachen (Englisch Französisch Deutsch Italienisch Spanisch Portugiesisch) thematisieren wir jeweils zum einen die für die Anfänge bzw. Ausgestaltungen des konzeptionellen Wandels relevanten Literaten zum anderen seine durch die ungemein reichhaltige Lexikographie dokumentierte Verbreitung. Detailliert berücksichtigt wird hierbei auch die signifikante schon recht früh einsetzende Globalisierungstendenz die sich in der kräftigen Resonanz des ursprünglich rein europäischen Konzepts in der autochthonen literarischen wie lexikographischen Produktion des anglo- hispano- und lusophonen Amerika manifestierte.<br/>Der Adressatenkreis des Buches umfaßt Lehrende und Studierende der Geschichtswissenschaft im allgemeinen der Historie zahlreicher weiterer Disziplinen wie etwa Geschichte der Philosophie der Künste des Rechts oder der Geologie ferner der klassischen Philologie und ihrer modernen Pendants wie Anglistik Romanistik oder Germanistik sowie nicht zuletzt der Lexikographie.<br/>---<br/>The volume at hand is a continuation of our studies on the genesis of today’s system of epochs. Owing to the equally profound and multifarious transformations taking place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it focuses exclusively on this period with an analysis of the most recent developments to follow in a third volume. <br/>In concentrating on the preeminent European vernaculars (English French German Italian Spanish Portuguese) we will lay special emphasis for one on the authors who were most influential concerning the beginnings and specific contents of conceptual changes. On the other hand we will focus on the exceptional abundance of lexicographical sources to show how and when these transformations spread. Furthermore the significant tendency to globalization which can already be seen fairly early on is given ample recognition in this context. Indeed the autochthonous literary and lexicographical productions of Anglophone Hispanophone and Lusophone America are manifestations of the vivid reverberations of a concept that was originally purely European. <br/>This publication addresses teachers and students of historical scholarship in general as well as of the subject-specific history of various disciplines such as history of philosophy law or geology art history classical philology and their modern counterparts such as English Romance or German Studies and last but not least the history of lexicography.

Languages and language varieties around the globe have been diminishing at an astonishing rate. Despite great efforts at language documentation scholarship on metaphors and figurative units – often particularly fragile parts of language – has been largely neglected until recently. This book like its predecessor Endangered Metaphors (CLSCC 2 2012) focuses on disappearing metaphors and idioms from languages of diverse continents. Moreover the book analyzes work from online social interaction discusses topics such as language maintenance educational practice and revitalization as well as future directions for endangered metaphor studies. The book is highly innovative and produces new findings for linguistics and cultural studies: the more languages are examined especially minority varieties distant from western languages the more questionable becomes “universality” in the field of metaphor with unique linguistic data across chapters evidencing the non-universality of conceptual metaphors and calling for a revision of existing metaphor theories. The book will be of special interest to: linguistics (metaphor and phraseology research applied linguistics sociolinguistics linguistic anthropology) public policy sociology; community activists and educators of language maintenance and revitalization.

Head Movement in Syntax argues that verb movement is a narrow syntactic phenomenon that can affect locality constraints. The altered locality domains are detectable from the way certain phrasal elements such as a phrase containing a Wh are forced to undergo movement. The basic idea explored in the book dates back to Chomsky (1986) where the movement of a verb is proposed to be able to affect and alter a barrier. This idea is translated into contemporary minimalist apparatus to capture locality conditions with Wh movement in Malayalam a Dravidian language spoken in Southern India providing the necessary data. The book also points out that analysing Wh movement in Malayalam as a sub-case of Focus movement is untenable and offers a fresh perspective on Wh-in-situ versus Wh-movement. In addition the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the pronominal system in Malayalam a language that violates the canonical binding conditions.

Significant socio-political changes in China have had great impact on Chinese discourse. Changes to the discourse have become an increasing focus of scholarship. This book examines contemporary Chinese discourse and social practice in China with a focus on the role that language plays in the on-going transformation of Chinese society. With a view to producing new insights into the interdependence between discourse and social practice this volume explores how discourse has been changing in a context-dependent way; how social practice can lead to shifts in the use of discourse; and how identities and attitudes are constructed through language use. Largely based on empirical studies this book indicates that Chinese discourse has not only been an integral part of social change but also Chinese discourse itself is changing reflecting ideologies values attitudes identities and social practice. The book is a great resource for scholars in diverse disciplinary studies including linguistics communication education media and political studies concerning contemporary China.

Persuasive Games in Political and Professional Dialogue is about the rediscovery of humans as proficient users of language in the sense that – while involved in a dialogue – they listen observe discuss reason evaluate and conclude; in other words speakers are no longer interested in defeating the other and proving him/her wrong but in learning from the other.

The volume comprises 12 articles distributed in two sections – Persuasion in Political Dialogue and Persuasive Strategies in Professional Dialogue – which approach the topic of persuasion as it unfolds from political and professional communication. The articles in the proposed volume depict relevant theoretical and practical issues related to persuasion in two communication sites: politics and workplace and they are results of consistent research conducted by the contributors in various settings. The contributions provide critical valuable insights into the dynamic process of creating and maintaining relationships at an individual and at a professional level.

Do the notions of “World Lingua Franca” and “World Literature” now need to be firmly relegated to an imperialist-cum-colonialist past? Or can they be rehabilitated in a practical and equitable way that fully endorses a politics of recognition? For scholars in the field of languages and literatures this is the central dilemma to be faced in a world that is increasingly globalized. In this book the possible banes and benefits of globalization are illuminated from many different viewpoints by scholars based in Africa Asia Europe North America and Oceania. Among their more particular topics of discussion are: language spread language hegemony and language conservation; literary canons literature and identity and literary anthologies; and the bearing of the new communication technologies on languages and literatures alike. Throughout the book however the most frequently explored opposition is between languages or literatures perceived as “major” and others perceived as “minor” two terms which are sometimes qualitative in connotation sometimes quantitative and sometimes both at once depending on who is using them and with reference to what.

The human ability to understand and produce spoken words is fascinating in its complexity. People often vary in how they pronounce a word. They may need to recognize words spoken with an accent quite different from their own. And in order to understand a word of a second or foreign language they may need to identify words on the basis of sounds that are difficult to differentiate. This book brings together psycholinguistic research that addresses these topics and highlights how the study of spoken word processing can shed light on fundamental dynamics of language processing. It demonstrates how spoken word processing is affected by the specific characteristics of individual languages and their writing systems and how it grows and changes across the lifespan. The book offers new cutting-edge research on spoken word processing. It will benefit researchers and students interested in language processing as well as readers who wish to broaden their understanding of language in the mind. In particular this book underlines the value of conducting psycholinguistic research across languages and across the lifespan. Originally published in The Mental Lexicon Vol. 8:3 (2013).

The International Conference on Historical Linguistics is the main conference for specialists in language change and the 2013 conference in Oslo drew more than 300 participants with 182 papers presented in the general session. The 16 papers selected for inclusion in this volume from the general session of ICHL 2013 not only provide a clear picture of the state of the art in various subfields of historical linguistics but also present recent insights in diachronic phonology typology morphology and morphosyntax. The languages and families covered include English German Scandinavian French Occitan Portuguese Sardinian Spanish Ancient Greek Old Japanese and Austronesian. The volume will be useful to any linguist with an interest in diachronic matters as well as general linguistic theory.

Implicit learning is a fundamental feature of human cognition. Many essential skills including language comprehension and production intuitive decision making and social interaction are largely dependent on implicit (unconscious) knowledge. Given its relevance it is not surprising that the study of implicit learning plays a central role in the cognitive sciences. The present volume brings together eminent researchers from a variety of fields (e.g. cognitive psychology linguistics education cognitive neuroscience developmental psychology) in order to assess the progress made in the study of implicit and explicit learning to critically evaluate key concepts and methodologies and to determine future directions to take in this interdisciplinary enterprise. The eighteen chapters in this volume are written in an accessible and engaging fashion; together they provide the reader with a comprehensive snapshot of the exciting current work on the implicit and explicit learning of languages.

This innovative and provocative work introduces complexity theory and its application to both the study of language and the study of material culture. The book begins with a wide-ranging theoretical background covering the areas of dialect geography the anthropological study of material culture and a general introduction to the study of complex adaptive systems. Following this general introduction the principles of complexity theory are demonstrated in data drawn from linguistics and material culture studies. Language and Material Culture further highlights the principles of complexity through a series of case studies using data from the Linguistic Atlas colonial American inventories and the Historic American Building Survey. LMC shows that language and material culture are intertwined as they interact within the same cultural complex system. The book is designed for students in courses that focus on language variation American English and material culture in addition to general courses on applications of complex systems.

This volume presents an analysis of Russian case from a sign-oriented perspective. The study was inspired by William Diver’s analysis of Latin case and follows the spirit of the Columbia School of linguistics. The fundamental premise that underlies this volume is that language is a communicative tool shaped by human behavior.In this study case is viewed as a semantic entity. Each case is assigned an invariant meaning within a larger semantic system which is validated through numerous examples from spoken language and literary texts to illustrate that the distribution of cases is semantically motivated and defined by communicative principles that can be associated with human behavior.

As sign language linguistics has become an important and prodigious field of research in the last few decades it comes as no surprise that the repertoire of methodological approaches to the study of the communication of the Deaf has also expanded considerably. While earlier work on sign languages was often focused on providing arguments for them being full-fledged linguistic systems current debates do no longer center on whether visual-spatial grammars are worth being researched but on how this type of research should be conducted. This book contains a selection of papers that could be thought of as a good representative sample of current trends in formal approaches to the study of sign language syntax. It illustrates how generative research on the communication of the Deaf may contribute to our understanding of the syntax of natural languages in general and indicates to what extent it is possible to integrate advances in the analysis of visual-spatial grammar with current spoken language research.

Originally published in Sign Language & Linguistics 16:2 (2013).

The volume contains 18 contributions from senior and junior scholars covering core issues within the theoretical investigation of the architecture and the mechanisms of the faculty of language with particular emphasis on the computational component. They all pursue a comparative approach investigating and comparing different languages and dialects or comparing different modes of acquisition as in Adriana Belletti’s work to whom the volume is dedicated. The papers in the first part (by Chomsky Rizzi Bianchi & Chesi Cinque Costa Calabrese) deal with theoretical issues such as labeling the cartography of structures and the locality of derivations in a broad sense. The papers in the second part (by Haegeman & Lohndal Delfitto & Fiorin Cruschina Lahousse Di Domenico and Contemori Dal Pozzo & Matteini) concentrate on the realization of structure relative to discourse particularly on topic and focus positions in the vP periphery and on referential dependencies. The third part collects papers (by Cardinaletti & Volpato Friedmann Yachini & Szterman Snyder & Hyams Hamann & Tuller Cecchetto & Donati Grewendorf & Poletto) that specifically target intervention effects in relative clauses as apparent in different structures different languages and different populations.

Most studies on the acquisition of verbal inflection have examined languages with a single verb suffix. This book offers a study on the acquisition of verb inflections in Q’anjob’al Maya. Q’anjob’al has separate inflections for aspect subject and object agreement and status suffixes. The subject and object inflections display a split ergative pattern. The subjects of intransitive verbs with aspect markers take absolutive markers whereas the subjects of aspectless intransitive verbs take ergative markers. The acquisition of three types of clauses is explored in detail (imperatives indicatives and aspectless complements). The data come from longitudinal spontaneous speech of three monolingual Q’anjob’al children aged 1;8–3;5. This book contributes unique data to the debate on the acquisition of finite and non-finite verbs as well as adding to our understanding of the acquisition of split ergative patterns. The book is of interest to researchers and students working on linguistics and language acquisition.

This book explores the various forms and functions of follow-ups in a range of political speech events. Follow-ups are conceptualized as communicative acts in and through which a prior communicative act is accepted challenged or otherwise negotiated by ratified participants in the exchange or by third parties. The broad view suggested here accommodates a large variation in the functions of follow-ups e.g. positioning third-party involvement evaluation and argumentation ratification support challenge and attendance to face wants. These variations are explored in a range of cultural environments such as the UK The Netherlands Israel and France. Inter-cultural exchanges are studied through the analysis of diplomatic discourse interpreting and cross-cultural comparison.

This volume is dedicated to the field of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) addressing important research questions including: the interrelation of genetic and cognitive profiles of individuals with SLI; the comorbidity issue and clinical boundaries between SLI and other developmental disorders; cross-linguistic manifestations of SLI; and theory-motivated therapy approaches to individuals with SLI. This volume brings together researchers with different scientific backgrounds and research disciplines challenging current points of view and offering new perspectives on issues of SLI and developmental disorders.

This volume aims at contributing to an interpretive approach to writing and its dynamics. It offers a general scope on the process-product interface by multiplying the points of view on both the process and the product and their links. The book presents new findings and perspectives in the study of language and writing both theoretical and methodological (e.g. dual process models of writing pragmatics of writing linguistic analysis of psycholinguistic units such as bursts of production). It also presents new tools for a longitudinal approach to the writing steps key-stroke logging with integrated linguistic modules and textometric analysis of written texts. The volume is composed of five sections that highlight different approaches to writing from the viewpoint of multiple disciplines: Anthropology Cognitive Psycholinguistics Communication Studies Didactics (Applied Linguistics) Discourse Analysis Literacy Sociolinguistics and Text Genetics. This book will be relevant for scholars and students interested in writing text analysis literacy learning and teaching.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>As of January 2019 this e-book is freely available thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.

The second volume in the VARGReB series deals with voice in the wider sense encompassing both alternations that preserve semantic valency with passives as the most typical instance and valency-changing devices such as the causative. Regarding the former special attention is given to event-structural conditions on passivization non-canonical passives and the relation between passives and (active) impersonals. Papers dealing with causatives focus on valency patterns and argument marking in canonical as well as extended uses of causative morphology. Other articles consider converse constructions and the argument structure of middles which seem to hold a position between voice in the narrow sense and valency-changing operations. An introductory article provides background information on the repertoire of voice alternations in Baltic from a cross-linguistic perspective. Representing different approaches and methods the contributions to this volume offer fine-grained analyses of data from contemporary Latvian and Lithuanian.

Construction Grammar as a framework offers a new perspective on traditional historical questions in diachronic linguistics and language change: how do new constructions arise how should competition in diachronic variation be accounted for how do constructions fall into disuse and how do constructions change in general formally and/or semantically and with what implications for the language system as a whole? This volume offers a broad introduction to the confluence of Construction Grammar and historical syntax and also detailed case studies of various instances of syntactic change modeled within Construction Grammar. The volume demonstrates that Construction Grammar as a theory is particularly well suited for modeling historical changes in morphosyntax and it also documents challenging new phenomena that require a theoretical account within any competing framework of syntactic change.

In Sign Language Interpreting (SLI) there is a great need for a volume devoted to classic and seminal articles and essays dedicated to this specific domain of language interpreting. Students educators and practitioners will benefit from having access to a collection of historical and influential articles that contributed to the progress of the global SLI profession. In SLI there is a long history of outstanding research and scholarship much of which is now out of print or was published in obscure journals or featured in publications that are no longer in print. These readings are significant to the progression of SLI as an academic discipline and a profession. As the years have gone by many of these readings have been lost to students educators and practitioners because they are difficult to locate or unavailable or because this audience simply does not know they exist. This volume brings together the seminal texts in our field that document the philosophical evidence-based and analytical progression of SLI work.

This volume explores the dynamics of genre conventions in historical English news discourse. The contributions cover a wide spectrum of news writing and publication formats: from corantos to modern tabloids from prototypical hard news stories and crime reports to more specialised genres such as medical and scientific news advertisements death notices and spoof news. Investigating linguistic pragmatic and social factors the authors trace the triggers mechanisms and agents of change that have shaped genre conventions in historical news discourse from the 17th century to the present day.

Language Development: The lifespan perspective generates insights into the central issues of age-dependent language change focusing especially on the middle and later stages of life. The contributors exploit contemporary and historical longitudinal data adopting psycholinguistic corpus linguistic and sociolinguistic approaches. Linguistic changes are discussed against the background of cognitive somatic and social factors. Bringing the resulting contributions together the volume aims to resume the discussion of contradictions between the models of change and constancy over an individual’s lifespan that have not been sufficiently resolved to date. The volume is intended to serve as an interdisciplinary reference resource for those conducting research on language development and the aging process and as a supplementary course book on language variability and change.

Large-scale migration after WWII and the prominence of Jamaican Creole in the media have promoted its use all around the globe. Deterritorialisation has entailed the contact-induced transformation of Jamaican Creole in diaspora communities and its adoption by ‘crossers’. Taking sociolinguistic globalisation yet a step further this monograph investigates the use of Jamaican Creole in a web discussion forum by combining quantitative and qualitative methodology in a sociolinguistic ‘third wave’ approach. In the absence of standardised orthography one of the central aims of this study is to document the sociolinguistic styling and grassroots (anti-) standardisation of spelling norms for Jamaican Creole in the web forum as a virtual community of practice. An analysis of individual repertoire portraits demonstrates that conventionalised spelling variants co-occur with basilectal Jamaican Creole morphosyntax in ‘Cyber-Jamaican’ as the digital ethnolinguistic repertoire of the discussion forum. The enregisterment of this ethnolinguistic repertoire is closely tied to staged performance which establishes the link between ‘Cyber-Jamaican’ and the negotiation of sociolinguistic identity and authenticity via stance-taking.

Pragmatic Markers in Irish English offers 18 studies from the perspective of variational pragmatics by established and younger scholars with an interest in the English of Ireland. Taking a broad definition of pragmatic markers (PMs) as items operating outside the structural limits of the clause that encode speakers’ intentions and interpersonal meanings this volume includes discussions of traditional PMs like sure that are strongly associated with Irish English recent globally-spreading innovations like quotative like and studies of tag questions vocatives and emoticons. The data sets used cover most of the existing and developing corpora of Irish English as well as historical legal depositions films advertising and recent fiction interviews recorded conversations and blogs. The authors address general issues such as what corpora of Irish English might add to the description of PMs in general the interaction of Irish and Irish English historical and contemporary uses of specific PMs and the usage of recent immigrants to Ireland.

The articles in this volume examine historical cultural literary and political facets of translation in Turkey a society in tortuous transformation since the 19th century from empire to nation-state. Some draw attention to tradition in Ottoman practices and agents of translation and interpreting while others explore the republican period starting in 1923 with the revolutionary change in script from Arabic to Roman coming in 1928 making a powerful impact on publication and translation practices. Areas covered include the German Jewish academic involvement in translation traditional and current practices of translating from Kurdish into Turkish censorship of translated literature intralingual translations from Ottoman into modern Turkish pseudotranslation ideological manipulation and resistance in translation imitativeness vs. originality and metonymics of literary reviewing.

In this stimulating collection of papers leading researchers from Europe and North America demonstrate the theoretical and methodological importance of corpus studies of phraseology and show how data-intensive case studies provide new perspectives on language use. One of the main theoretical findings of recent linguistics is that phraseology is central to language organization. The authors show how software and statistical techniques can reveal phraseological patterns in different text types – literary academic and commercial – and also typical paths of language change across the last 200 years. These patterns are revealed only when computational methods are applied to corpora consisting of hundreds of millions of running words collected from thousands of authentic texts. A major feature of the book is its critical comparison and evaluation of different quantitative and statistical tools which readers can use for their own empirical work. Originally published in International Journal of Corpus Linguistics Vol. 18:1 (2013).

The ability to recognise discuss and evaluate one’s educational beliefs and working practices in metaphoric terms has for several years been seen as a highly valuable tool for increasing self-awareness facilitating learning (or teaching) and/or predicting behaviour. This is the first edited book solely devoted to the topic of researching elicited metaphor in education and brings together key researchers from China Poland Puerto Rico South America UK and USA. The 12 chapters involve overviews and state-of-the-art articles articles focussing on methodology and validation as well as reflections on the effectiveness of techniques and research reports of recent empirical studies. The bulk of the articles relate to literacy (L1 and L2) and teacher education but science education is also addressed. The book offers useful models for academics professionals and PhD students in these areas and provides solutions for improving the validity of elicited metaphor techniques in educational research.

The grammaticalized expression of negation is a linguistic universal. This volume deals with negation in the Uralic language family in a typological perspective. As in no other major language family before a comprehensive typological questionnaire provides the basis for the chapters documenting negation in 17 languages. Most of them are endangered. The chapters highlight negative auxiliary verbs—the special Uralic feature—and their ways of combining with the rich inventory of other negators in different types of clauses as well as negative replies negative indefinites abessives/caritives/privatives scope polarity and emphatic negation. Selected aspects of negation such as negative indefinites negation of non-verbal predicates and information structure are discussed in more detail in five further chapters. The book brings new typologically informed perspectives on negation in the Uralic family and it provides valuable data and insights for any linguist working on negation.

The noun is an apparent cross-linguistic universal; nouns are central targets of language acquisition; they are frequently prototypical exemplars of Saussurian arbitrariness. This volume considers nouns in sign languages and in the evanescent performances of homesigners (and gesturers) which exhibit considerable iconic motivation. Do such systems mark nouns formally? Do they share strategies for forming nominal expressions? Individual chapters consider formal criteria for a noun/verb distinction in sign languages with different socio-linguistic profiles strategies of “patterned iconicity” in a subcategory of nouns in both well-established and emerging sign languages grammatical markers for a nominal class in a first generation family homesign system from Mexico and the changing role of handshapes in signs referring to action and objects over the gradual development of a single deaf child’s homesign. The volume is of special interest to scholars of gesture sign languages linguistic typology and the evolution socialization and ethnography of language. Originally published in Gesture Vol. 13:3 (2013).

The Book of the Order of Chivalry was written in Catalan by Ramon Llull between 1274 and 1276 and is one of the author’s earliest works. After his death it achieved a wide dissemination throughout Europe in part because it was considered the theoretical manual on knighthood par excellence. The book was written in Catalan for knights who might not have a knowledge of Latin. Llull devotes his treatise to the definition of the duties of a perfect knight. In addition he is interested in delving into the religious and moral aspects of chivalry as well as in trying to reform this institution.

This edition is based on the Catalan text from Luanco’s Libro de la Orden de Caballería del B. Raimundo Lulio which is included here in facsimile format thanks to the generosity of the Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona. To this are added new Spanish and contemporary English translations. In addition this volume includes an edition of Caxton’s 16th century English translation.

This volume contains revised and in some cases extended versions of twelve of the fourteen lectures read at the conference on “Early Germanic Languages in Contact” held at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense on 22-23 August 2013 – with a paper and a review article added at the end on themes pertaining to the aim and scope of the symposium. All papers cover central aspects of the early contact between Germanic and some of its Indo-European and non-Indo-European linguistic neighbours; and in certain cases aspects involving internal Germanic language contact.

This volume of papers selected from the 11th International Conference on the Structure of Hungarian addresses current topics in Hungarian linguistics focusing on their theoretical implications.The papers in syntax investigate the complement zone of nouns the syntax of case assigning adpositions sluicing in relative clauses generic/habitual readings in clauses containing a free choice item the argument structure of experiencer verbs in Hungarian and cataphoric propositional pronoun insertion in Hungarian and German. The papers in morphosyntax analyze morphological alienability splits and the manifestation of the Inverse Agreement Constraint in Hungarian. The studies in phonetics and phonology inquire into regressive voicing assimilation in Hungarian and Slovak and explore the predictions of the Functional Load Hypothesis for stress-marking and the relationship between the phonetic and phonological properties of /a:/ in Hungarian.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume will appeal not just to scholars working on Hungarian but to a general audience of theoretical linguists.<br/>