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Linguistic Variation in Research Articles investigates the linguistic characteristics of academic research articles going beyond a traditional analysis of the generically-defined research article to take into account varied realizations of research articles within and across disciplines. It combines corpus-based analyses of 70+ linguistic features with analyses of the situational or non-linguistic characteristics of the Academic Journal Registers Corpus: 270 research articles from 6 diverse disciplines (philosophy history political science applied linguistics biology physics) and representing three sub-registers (theoretical quantitative and qualitative research). Comprehensive analyses include a lexical/grammatical survey an exploration of structural complexity and a Multi-Dimensional analysis all interpreted relative to the situational analysis of the corpus. The finding that linguistic variation in research articles does not occur along a single parameter like discipline is discussed relative to our understanding of disciplinary practices the multidimensional nature of variation in research articles and resulting methodological considerations for corpus studies of disciplinary writing.

Zapotec languages present a wide range of lexical morphological phonological and syntactic means of indicating valence changes. Despite their significant theoretical interest detailed descriptions of valence-changing phenomena in Zapotec are rare comparative studies are practically non-existent and Zapotec contributions to the general typology of valence-changing phenomena still remain largely untapped. The present volume addresses this imbalance by being the first to explore Zapotec valence-changing constructions in depth and to highlight their broad comparative typological and theoretical significance. This book contains both write-ups of contributions to the Special Session on Valence-Changing Devices in Zapotecan (annual meeting of SSILA 2012) and specially commissioned chapters. It will be of interest to Zapotecanists Otomangueanists Mesoamericanists typologists morphologists syntacticians semanticians and general linguists with an interest in valence-changing phenomena and may also be used as supplementary reading in field methods and typology courses.

The miracle of children's language development and the joy of expressive language on the one hand and the vulnerability of language and the sorrow and grief caused by its distortion or even loss in people with aphasia or dementia on the other hand show us the inseparability of emotion and language in its extremes.

Although the ‘emotional turn’ promised a paradigmatic shift from a rationalistic towards an emotion-integrating conceptualization of language hardly any interdisciplinary research has focused on the interplay between emotion and language. The present book covers the wide range of work on Emotion in Language with contributions from numerous disciplines in the three areas of Theory Research and Application. With contributions both from well-known pioneers in the area of this topic as well as from young scientists the book offers a broad range of perspectives from linguistics and language development to neurology psychology and developmental neuropsychology and to the fields of philosophy and phenomenology.

Gaze in Human-Robot Communication is a volume collecting recent research studying gaze behaviour in human-robot interaction (HRI). The selected articles draw inspiration from related research into gaze in human-human interaction in fields ranging from ethnography to neuroscience. The major themes of these articles include: the experimental investigation of human responses to robot gaze the investigation of the impact of coordinating gaze acts with speech and the development of hardware and software technologies for enabling robot gaze. This volume provides an excellent introduction to the depth and breadth of this growing research area in HRI. The highly interdisciplinary nature of the work presented should make it of interest both to robotics researchers and to researchers from other fields with an interest in the role of gaze in communication.

Originally published in Interaction Studies Vol. 14:3 (2013).

This volume addresses the role of communicative interaction in driving various dimensions of second language development from the perspective of Vygotskian sociocultural psychology. Emphasizing the dialectical relationship between the external-social world and individual mental functioning the chapters delve into a wide range of topics illustrating how the social and the individual are united in interaction. Themes include psychological and human mediation joint action negotiation for meaning the role of first language use embodied and nonverbal behaviors and interactional competencies. Theoretical discussions and key concepts are reinforced and illustrated with detailed qualitative analyses of interaction in a variety of second language contexts. Each chapter also includes pedagogical recommendations. Supplemental materials or ‘data sessions’ that engage the readers with the themes presented in the book through sample analytic exercises are included while videos have been made available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.44.video.

This monograph examines how language contributes to the social coordination of actions in talk-in-interaction. Focusing on a set of frequently used constructions in French (left-dislocation right-dislocation topicalization and hanging topic) the study provides an empirically rich contribution to the understanding of grammar as thoroughly temporal emergent and contingent upon its use in social interaction. Based on data from a range of everyday interactions the authors investigate speakers’ use of these constructions as resources for organizing social interaction showing how speakers continuously adapt revise and extend grammatical trajectories in real time in response to local contingencies. The book is designed to be both informative for the specialized scholar and accessible to the graduate student familiar with conversation analysis and/or interactional linguistics.

Metaphor in Specialist Discourse presents multiple perspectives on metaphor use in specialist and popularized discourse contexts. Using genre and register as starting parameters for deeper exploration and pushing the boundaries further to open up new areas and possibilities ten independent articles investigate metaphor use across a range of specialist domains of discourse such as biology research articles psychological counseling soccer commentaries workfloor communication and penal policy documents. Framed by two theoretical chapters the book is a contribution to the study of metaphor use in distinct discourse settings that will be of value to linguists and metaphor scholars of different persuasions graduate students of linguistics and related disciplines and practitioners of specialized areas with an interest in (verbal or gestural) language use in their areas of expertise. It shows that aspects of discourse variation are the beginning of not an afterthought to accurate empirical metaphor studies.

This book focuses on theory research and practice related to lexical input processing (lex-IP) an exciting field exploring how learners allocate their limited processing resources when exposed to words and lexical phrases in the input. Unit 1 specifies parameters of lex-IP research among other levels of input processing as well as key components (form meaning mapping) and contexts (incidental/intentional) of vocabulary learning. Unit 2 highlights theoretical advances such as the type of processing – resource allocation (TOPRA) model consistent with research on tasks (sentence writing word copying word retrieval) that learners may perform during vocabulary learning. Unit 3 highlights patterns in partial word form learning and input-based effects including the value of increased exposure drawbacks of presenting vocabulary in semantic sets and advantages of input enhancement particularly with regard to increasing talker speaking-style and speaking-rate variability in spoken input. The book unifies a range of research pertinent to lex-IP summarizes theoretical and instructional implications and proposes intriguing new directions for future research.

Certain grammatical elements help hearers know how propositions are conceptually related: Does a given proposition advance the foregrounded event line or not? Initiate versus continue an event chain? Indicate that one proposition belongs to a different "mental space" from the previous one? Provide background information? Studies in this volume show that African languages sometimes support but often refute the idea that perfective aspect or past tense marks the narrative event line. Rather languages may employ clause level constructions conjunctions or connectives tonal melodies on verbs or subjects specialized auxiliaries special verb forms and even dependent clause and imperfective aspect forms. Often correlation of such grammatical elements with the event line is a subcase of a more general function. Analyses in this volume contribute to developing a typology of the expression of discourse functions a field of research which has so far been minimally addressed from a typological perspective.

This book provides a linguist with a statistical toolkit for exploration and analysis of linguistic data. It employs R a free software environment for statistical computing which is increasingly popular among linguists. How to do Linguistics with R: Data exploration and statistical analysis is unique in its scope as it covers a wide range of classical and cutting-edge statistical methods including different flavours of regression analysis and ANOVA random forests and conditional inference trees as well as specific linguistic approaches among which are Behavioural Profiles Vector Space Models and various measures of association between words and constructions. The statistical topics are presented comprehensively but without too much technical detail and illustrated with linguistic case studies that answer non-trivial research questions. The book also demonstrates how to visualize linguistic data with the help of attractive informative graphs including the popular ggplot2 system and Google visualization tools.

This book has a companion website: http://doi.org/10.1075/z.195.website

Referring to entities is one of the key functions of language; learning to understand and use the relevant referential expressions is one of children’s major linguistic achievements. The 13 chapters of this volume bring together a wealth of information on the acquisition of referential processes in infants pre-schoolers and school-age children drawing on data from more than 25 languages ranging from Italian to Inuktitut and from Norwegian to Turkish. This book presents the state-of-the-art of corpus and experimental research on the acquisition of reference. The breadth of aspects of referential acquisition will make the volume appealing to a wide audience of researchers including linguists and psycholinguists working on phonological morpho-syntactic and discourse-pragmatic aspects of language development. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted by several of the contributors will be of particular interest to researchers investigating the relevance of typological differences. The state-of-the-art approach makes the research accessible to specialist and non-specialist researchers alike and will provide an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses.

This volume is a collection of advanced laboratory phonology research papers concerned with the interaction between the physical and the mental aspects of speech and language. The traditional linguistic theoretic distinction between phonetics and phonology is put to the test here in a series of articles that deal with some of the fundamental issues in the field from first and second language acquisition to segmental and supra-segmental phenomena in a range of different languages. Unique features of this volume are the development of innovative experimental methodologies advanced techniques of data analysis latest-generation equipment for the observation of speech and their combined critical application to the study of the phonetics-phonology interface. The volume is therefore not only of great interest but of outstanding value and importance to anyone who wishes to be completely apprised of the latest advances in this crucial area of phonological research.

The case-studies assembled in these two volumes span a lifetime of research into the diachrony of grammar. That is into the rise and fall of syntactic constructions and their attendant grammatical morphology. While focused squarely on the data the studies are nonetheless cast in an explicit theoretical perspective – adaptive developmental variationist. Taken as a whole this work constitutes a frontal assault on Ferdinand de Saussure's corrosive legacy in linguistics. Over the years reviewers slapped the author's wrist periodically for having dared to commit that most heinous of sins against de Saussure's hallowed legacy – panchronic grammar. In this work he pleads guilty having never seen a piece of synchronic data that didn't reek to high heaven of the diachrony that gave it rise. Reek in two distinct ways: first with the frozen relics of the past that prompt us to reconstruct prior diachronic states; and second with the synchronic variation that hints at ongoing change. Conversely the author confesses to having never seen a diachronic explanation that did not hinge on the synchronic principles – Carnap's general propositions – that govern language behavior. The synchrony and diachrony of grammar are twin faces of the same coin. To study one without the other is to gut both. By understanding how synchronic grammars come into being we also understand the cognitive communicative neurological and developmental universals that constrain diachronic change – and through it synchronic typology.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza (Madrid 1893) our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably and most manuscript and secondary sources had never been tapped before Hans-Josef Niederehe of the University of Trier courageously undertook the task to bring together any available bibliographical information together with much more recent research findings scattered in libraries journals and other places. The resulting Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística la gramática y la lexicografía del español: Desde los principios hasta el año 1600 (BICRES) began appearing in 1994. BICRES I covered the period from the early beginnings to 1600 followed by BICRES II (1601–1700) BICRES III (1701–1800) and together with Miguel Ángel Esparza Torres of Madrid there followed BICRES IV (1801 to 1860). Now the fifth volume has become available covering the years from 1861 to 1899. Access to the bibliographical information of altogether 5272 titles is facilitated by several detailed indexes such as a short title index a listing of printers publishers and places of production and an author index.

More than twenty years of research in the major libraries of Spain and other European countries have gone into this unique work — relative sources of the Americas have also been covered — making it exhaustive source for any serious scholar of any possible aspect of the Spanish language.

Corpus linguistics has had a revolutionary impact on grammar and discourse research. Not only has it opened up entirely new theoretical perspectives and methodological possibilities for both fields but it has also to a considerable extent erased the boundaries that have traditionally been drawn between them. This book showcases a variety of current corpus-based approaches to the study of grammar and discourse and makes a case for seeing grammar and discourse as fundamentally inter-related phenomena. The book features contributions from leading experts in cognitive linguistics construction grammar critical discourse studies genre and register analysis phraseology language learning and teaching languages for specific purposes second language acquisition sociolinguistics systemic functional linguistics and text linguistics. An essential reference point for future research Corpora Grammar and Discourse has been edited in honour of Susan Hunston whose own work has consistently pushed at the boundaries of corpus-based research on grammar and discourse for over three decades.

This book examines the language development of two children from the ages of two till four who are growing up exposed to English Swiss German and French. Its aim is to ascertain the importance of different environmental factors in fostering active trilingualism. These factors include the quantity of input for each language whether or not the societal language is spoken in the home and the conversational style of the caregivers. Although increasing numbers of children are being raised trilingually research in this field is scarce; this study thus makes an important contribution to our knowledge of trilingual language acquisition. A special point of interest lies in a comparison of the acquisition of two minority languages by a single child since this allows us to pinpoint more precisely how the development of non-societal languages can be influenced. This book will be of considerable interest to researchers and students working on multilingualism and language acquisition alike.

This is the first book entirely and exclusively devoted to the grammar of the two copular verbs ser and estar certainly one of the most intriguing features of Spanish grammar. Although the topic has long attracted the interest of scholars it had never given rise to a collection of papers that covers both theoretical issues in syntax and semantics and topics in the acquisition domain. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the central research questions concerning the ser / estar alternation: the syntactic or semantic nature of the distinction its link with aspect and with the Individual-Level / Stage-Level distinction and its connection with interface phenomena. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in Hispanic linguistics but can be equally attractive for researchers working on Romance linguistics theoretical linguistics (syntax semantics pragmatics) acquisition theory and historical linguistics.

Satire is clearly one of today’s most controversial socio-cultural topics. In this edited volume The Power of Satire it is studied for the first time as a dynamic discursive mode of performance with the power of crossing and contesting cultural boundaries. The collected essays reflect the fundamental shift from literary satire or straightforward literary rhetoric with a relatively limited societal impact to satire’s multi-mediality in the transnational public space where it can cause intercultural clashes and negotiations on a large scale. An appropriate set of heuristic themes – space target rhetoric media time – serves as the analytical framework for the investigations and determines the organization of the book as a whole. The contributions written by an international group of experts with diverse disciplinary backgrounds manifest academic standards with a balance between theoretical analyses and evaluations on the one hand and in-depth case studies on the other.

Mit dem vorliegenden Buch setzen wir unsere Studie zur Genese der heutigen Epochen-Systematik fort. Aufgrund der ebenso vielfältigen wie profunden Transformationen die während des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts stattfanden konzentriert es sich die Analyse der jüngeren Entwicklungen für den dritten Band reservierend ganz auf diesen Zeitraum. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Unter Fokussierung auf die führenden europäischen Volkssprachen (Englisch Französisch Deutsch Italienisch Spanisch Portugiesisch) thematisieren wir jeweils zum einen die für die Anfänge bzw. Ausgestaltungen des konzeptionellen Wandels relevanten Literaten zum anderen seine durch die ungemein reichhaltige Lexikographie dokumentierte Verbreitung. Detailliert berücksichtigt wird hierbei auch die signifikante schon recht früh einsetzende Globalisierungstendenz die sich in der kräftigen Resonanz des ursprünglich rein europäischen Konzepts in der autochthonen literarischen wie lexikographischen Produktion des anglo- hispano- und lusophonen Amerika manifestierte.<br/>Der Adressatenkreis des Buches umfaßt Lehrende und Studierende der Geschichtswissenschaft im allgemeinen der Historie zahlreicher weiterer Disziplinen wie etwa Geschichte der Philosophie der Künste des Rechts oder der Geologie ferner der klassischen Philologie und ihrer modernen Pendants wie Anglistik Romanistik oder Germanistik sowie nicht zuletzt der Lexikographie.<br/>---<br/>The volume at hand is a continuation of our studies on the genesis of today’s system of epochs. Owing to the equally profound and multifarious transformations taking place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it focuses exclusively on this period with an analysis of the most recent developments to follow in a third volume. <br/>In concentrating on the preeminent European vernaculars (English French German Italian Spanish Portuguese) we will lay special emphasis for one on the authors who were most influential concerning the beginnings and specific contents of conceptual changes. On the other hand we will focus on the exceptional abundance of lexicographical sources to show how and when these transformations spread. Furthermore the significant tendency to globalization which can already be seen fairly early on is given ample recognition in this context. Indeed the autochthonous literary and lexicographical productions of Anglophone Hispanophone and Lusophone America are manifestations of the vivid reverberations of a concept that was originally purely European. <br/>This publication addresses teachers and students of historical scholarship in general as well as of the subject-specific history of various disciplines such as history of philosophy law or geology art history classical philology and their modern counterparts such as English Romance or German Studies and last but not least the history of lexicography.

Languages and language varieties around the globe have been diminishing at an astonishing rate. Despite great efforts at language documentation scholarship on metaphors and figurative units – often particularly fragile parts of language – has been largely neglected until recently. This book like its predecessor Endangered Metaphors (CLSCC 2 2012) focuses on disappearing metaphors and idioms from languages of diverse continents. Moreover the book analyzes work from online social interaction discusses topics such as language maintenance educational practice and revitalization as well as future directions for endangered metaphor studies. The book is highly innovative and produces new findings for linguistics and cultural studies: the more languages are examined especially minority varieties distant from western languages the more questionable becomes “universality” in the field of metaphor with unique linguistic data across chapters evidencing the non-universality of conceptual metaphors and calling for a revision of existing metaphor theories. The book will be of special interest to: linguistics (metaphor and phraseology research applied linguistics sociolinguistics linguistic anthropology) public policy sociology; community activists and educators of language maintenance and revitalization.

Head Movement in Syntax argues that verb movement is a narrow syntactic phenomenon that can affect locality constraints. The altered locality domains are detectable from the way certain phrasal elements such as a phrase containing a Wh are forced to undergo movement. The basic idea explored in the book dates back to Chomsky (1986) where the movement of a verb is proposed to be able to affect and alter a barrier. This idea is translated into contemporary minimalist apparatus to capture locality conditions with Wh movement in Malayalam a Dravidian language spoken in Southern India providing the necessary data. The book also points out that analysing Wh movement in Malayalam as a sub-case of Focus movement is untenable and offers a fresh perspective on Wh-in-situ versus Wh-movement. In addition the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the pronominal system in Malayalam a language that violates the canonical binding conditions.

Significant socio-political changes in China have had great impact on Chinese discourse. Changes to the discourse have become an increasing focus of scholarship. This book examines contemporary Chinese discourse and social practice in China with a focus on the role that language plays in the on-going transformation of Chinese society. With a view to producing new insights into the interdependence between discourse and social practice this volume explores how discourse has been changing in a context-dependent way; how social practice can lead to shifts in the use of discourse; and how identities and attitudes are constructed through language use. Largely based on empirical studies this book indicates that Chinese discourse has not only been an integral part of social change but also Chinese discourse itself is changing reflecting ideologies values attitudes identities and social practice. The book is a great resource for scholars in diverse disciplinary studies including linguistics communication education media and political studies concerning contemporary China.

Persuasive Games in Political and Professional Dialogue is about the rediscovery of humans as proficient users of language in the sense that – while involved in a dialogue – they listen observe discuss reason evaluate and conclude; in other words speakers are no longer interested in defeating the other and proving him/her wrong but in learning from the other.

The volume comprises 12 articles distributed in two sections – Persuasion in Political Dialogue and Persuasive Strategies in Professional Dialogue – which approach the topic of persuasion as it unfolds from political and professional communication. The articles in the proposed volume depict relevant theoretical and practical issues related to persuasion in two communication sites: politics and workplace and they are results of consistent research conducted by the contributors in various settings. The contributions provide critical valuable insights into the dynamic process of creating and maintaining relationships at an individual and at a professional level.

Do the notions of “World Lingua Franca” and “World Literature” now need to be firmly relegated to an imperialist-cum-colonialist past? Or can they be rehabilitated in a practical and equitable way that fully endorses a politics of recognition? For scholars in the field of languages and literatures this is the central dilemma to be faced in a world that is increasingly globalized. In this book the possible banes and benefits of globalization are illuminated from many different viewpoints by scholars based in Africa Asia Europe North America and Oceania. Among their more particular topics of discussion are: language spread language hegemony and language conservation; literary canons literature and identity and literary anthologies; and the bearing of the new communication technologies on languages and literatures alike. Throughout the book however the most frequently explored opposition is between languages or literatures perceived as “major” and others perceived as “minor” two terms which are sometimes qualitative in connotation sometimes quantitative and sometimes both at once depending on who is using them and with reference to what.

The human ability to understand and produce spoken words is fascinating in its complexity. People often vary in how they pronounce a word. They may need to recognize words spoken with an accent quite different from their own. And in order to understand a word of a second or foreign language they may need to identify words on the basis of sounds that are difficult to differentiate. This book brings together psycholinguistic research that addresses these topics and highlights how the study of spoken word processing can shed light on fundamental dynamics of language processing. It demonstrates how spoken word processing is affected by the specific characteristics of individual languages and their writing systems and how it grows and changes across the lifespan. The book offers new cutting-edge research on spoken word processing. It will benefit researchers and students interested in language processing as well as readers who wish to broaden their understanding of language in the mind. In particular this book underlines the value of conducting psycholinguistic research across languages and across the lifespan. Originally published in The Mental Lexicon Vol. 8:3 (2013).