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Within the current discussion on grammatical interfaces the word-classes of adjective and adverb are of particular interest because they appear to be separated or joined in manifold ways at the level of word-class or syntax with morphology playing a prominent role especially in Romance. The volume provides typological and theoretical insights into the common or different usage of adjectives and adverbs in Romance. Diachronic change is discussed alongside with synchronic variation and the representation in grammar. The discussion turns out to be controversial calling into question traditional assumptions such as the dogma of the invariability and the categorial status of the adverb.

Located near Cartagena de Indias Colombia Palenque is a former Afro-Hispanic maroon community that has recently attracted much national and international attention. The authors of this collection examine Palenque’s linguistic geographic and cultural origins from interdisciplinary and theoretically diverse perspectives. Extensive in situ fieldwork and long-term familiarity with the Palenquero community form the basis of the seven essays all of which are enriched by data from archival and other scholarly works. In this book linguists literary scholars historians and specialists in cultural and visual studies thereby enter into mutually enriching dialogues about the origins and nature of Palenque’s unique Lengua (local creole) and culture. This rich tapestry of ideas is decidedly international as its authors are members of academic institutions in the United States Europe and Latin America. Orality Identity and Resistance in Palenque (Colombia) is an updated translation of Palenque Colombia: Oralidad identidad y resistencia 2012.

The purpose of this book is to contribute to our understanding of genre and genre variation in the Japanese language in order to bring to consciousness the nature of Japanese culture and the presuppositions norms and values found within Japanese society. This type of knowledge enables interventions and agency as knowing how language works within a culture makes it possible to consciously accept it or to influence and shape it into the future. The various chapters seek to explore social contexts and the norms values and practices of Japanese culture through the language choices in analysed texts in literature education the workplace and in print-based media. These genres collectively form part of the cultural fabric of Japan. The book represents a first step in documenting a selected set of Japanese genres from a social semiotic perspective. It will be of interest to students and scholars in a wide range of linguistic fields such as Japanese descriptive linguistics pragmatics sociolinguistics discourse analysis systemic functional linguistics and applied linguistics. It should also appeal to teachers and learners of Japanese and to media commentators students of literature cultural studies and journalism.

Research on the development on written language and literacy is inherently multidisciplinary. In this book leading researchers studying brain cognition and behavior come together in revealing how children develop written language and literacy why they may experience difficulties and which interventions may help those who struggle. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific area of expertise focusing on typical and atypical development providing steps for future research and discussing practical implications of the work. The book covers areas of bilingualism dyslexia reading comprehension learning to read atypical populations intervention and new media. Thus the book presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of affairs in this field of research. The various book chapters have been written by researchers who all have collaborated at some point in their careers with Ludo Verhoeven whose research sets the example for the importance of crossing disciplinary borders to research to take the next important steps. The combination of the research in this book sets the stage for future research that connects various fields and hopes to inspire anyone interested in the development of written language and literacy.

Cameroon Pidgin English (CPE) is an English-lexified Atlantic expanded pidgin/creole spoken in some form by an estimated 50% of Cameroon’s population primarily in the anglophone west regions but also in urban centres throughout the country. Primarily a spoken language CPE enjoys a vigorous oral presence in Cameroon and the linguistic examples illustrating this description are drawn from a spoken corpus consisting of a range of text types including oral narratives radio broadcasts and spontaneous conversation. The authors’ typologically-framed investigation of the features of the language from its phonetics phonology and lexicon to its syntax and discourse structure allows the reader a clear view of the linguistic character of CPE offering a comprehensive description of the language that will be of interest to creolists as well as linguists interested in African languages contact linguistics and comparative linguistics.

This volume explores potential paths in historical sociolinguistics with a particular focus on the inter-related areas of methodological innovations hitherto un- or under-explored textual resources and theoretical advancements and challenges. The individual chapters cover Dutch Finnish and different varieties of English and are based on data spanning from the fifteenth century to the present day. Paying tribute to Terttu Nevalainen’s pioneering work the book highlights the wide range and complexity of the field of historical sociolinguistics and presents achievements and challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration. The book is of interest to a wide readership ranging from scholars of historical linguistics sociolinguistics corpus linguistics and digital humanities to (advanced) graduate and postgraduate students in courses on language variation and change.

Language Acquisition in CLIL and Non-CLIL Settings builds a bridge between Second Language Acquisition and Learner Corpus Research (LCR) methodologies to take the evaluation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) to a new level. The study innovates in two main ways. First it is based on a highly diversified L2 database which includes learner corpus data as well as experimental data from the same learners. These linguistic components of the database are complemented with extensive information on learner variables including cognitive and affective factors which are rarely studied in LCR. Second the study relies on multifactorial statistical analyses to assess the effectiveness of CLIL itself as well as the impact of the selectivity inherent in the CLIL system which has frequently been ignored. The linguistic focus of the study is the English passive which is investigated in CLIL and non-CLIL teaching materials and subsequently related to learner output.

Les unités linguistiques ayant pour fonction (paradoxale) de signifier une relation entre d’autres unités de discours suscitent depuis l’Antiquité un intérêt toujours renouvelé. Défi pour le grammairien dont ils subvertissent les « parties du discours » ces « mots-outils » que l’on peut prendre pour des « mots vides » obligent le linguiste à interroger les rapports entre syntaxe et sémantique logique et linguistique système et discours signe et implicite. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Les onze études réunies dans ce livre s’attachent à décrire les processus de fonctionnement de morphèmes appartenant à des langues diverses (allemand français italien latin vietnamien) qui marquent une relation de liaison ou d’intégration. Ces études de cas détaillées menées selon différents cadres théoriques (typologie cognitivisme psycho-mécanique grammaire fractale linguistique de l’énonciation argumentation dans la langue linguistique textuelle) du point de vue synchronique ou diachronique mettent en valeur le caractère premier de la variation dans les systèmes linguistiques. <br/>Un chapitre introductif pose les repères terminologiques historiques et théoriques pour l’étude de catégories de signes linguistiques – prépositions conjonctions connecteurs – marqués par la transcatégorialité et la polyfonctionalité.

This volume features a set of selected peer-reviewed articles which represent research by some very prominent scholars and some promising researchers in the field. The articles cover a wide range of areas in Arabic linguistics namely Sociolinguistics Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax and Language Acquisition. They also feature research on a number of Arabic dialects namely Egyptian Arabic Emirati Arabic Jordanian Arabic Lebanese Arabic Sudanese Arabic and Syrian Arabic. Some of the contributions engage prominent issues that relate to current development in the Arabic speaking world. For example Reem Bassiouney’s paper is a significant contribution in that regard. Other contributions such as the ones by Stuart Davis Abdel-khalig Ali Lababidi & Park Ntelitheos & Idrissi present innovative studies in Arabic Morphology Phonetics Phonology and Language Acquisition respectively. How Arabic can serve as a testing ground for some theoretical constructs and approaches is exemplified by Peter Hallman Phil Crone and Youssef Haddad’s contributions in the area of Syntax and its interface with other fields.

In the world today bilingualism is more common than monolingualism. Thus the default mental lexicon may in fact be the bilingual lexicon. More than ever social and technological innovation have created a situation in which lexical knowledge may change dramatically throughout an individual’s lifetime. This book offers a new perspective for the understanding of these phenomena and their consequences for the representation of words in the mind and brain. Contributing authors are leaders in the field who provide a re-analysis of key assumptions and a re-focusing of research. They bring new insights and new findings that advance the understanding of both bilingualism and the mental lexicon. This volume serves to generate new directions and advances in bilingualism research.

The book explores eleven debates held at the Bahraini Council of Representatives (or the Parliament) over 2007-2010 to comprehend how parliamentary discourse contributes towards identity formation within Bahraini society. Within the framework of critical discourse studies the book traces the ideological struggle over power in the linguistic content of legislative discourse through a range of discursive strategies and devices.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The authors contend that the discursive choices across the political spectrum in the legislative debates reflected strong sectarian characteristics which contained in it the seeds of political unrest of 2011 the so-called ‘Arab Spring’ of Bahrain. Parliamentary rhetoric and its resonance in the public sphere the authors argue revealed the underlying contradictions in Bahraini society. The book highlights the significance of legislative discourse as a platform of social cohesion and its instability being symptomatic of contradictions within society.

This volume presents an in-depth analysis of language variation in Jamaican radio newscasts and talk shows. It explores the interaction of global and local varieties of English with regard to newscasters’ and talk show hosts’ language use and listeners’ attitudes. The book illustrates the benefits of an integrated approach to mass media: the analysis takes into account radio talk and the perception of the audience it is context-sensitive paying close attention to variation within and between genres and it combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to demonstrate the complexity of language in the media. The book contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of World Englishes in the 21st century and endonormative stabilization processes in linguistically heterogeneous postcolonial speech communities and shows how mass media both challenge and reproduce sociolinguistic stratification. This volume will be relevant for researchers interested in the fields of sociolinguistics language attitudes and language in the media.

The Low Countries are famous for their radically changing landscape over the last 1000 years. Like the landscape the linguistic situation has also undergone major changes. In Holland an early form of Frisian was spoken until very roughly 1100 and in parts of North Holland it disappeared even later. The hunt for traces of Frisian or Ingvaeonic in the dialects of the western Low Countries has been going on for around 150 years but a synthesis of the available evidence has never appeared. The main aim of this book is to fill that gap. It follows the lead of many recent studies on the nature and effects of language contact situations in the past. The topic is approached from two different angles: Dutch dialectology in all its geographic and diachronic variation and comparative Germanic linguistics. In the end the minute details and the bigger picture merge into one possible account of the early and high medieval processes that determined the make-up of western Dutch.

Contextualizing Pragma-Dialectics contains a selection of 18 article reporting on research conducted in the past decade in which the institutional context in which argumentative discourse takes place is systematically taken into account. Some articles provide relevant theoretical backgrounds other articles make clear how the extended pragma-dialectical theory can be used to analyse and evaluate argumentative discourse in specific institutional contexts. Next to argumentative discourse in the legal domain and the medical context of health communication a great deal of attention is paid to various argumentative practices in the political domain or dealing with specific social issues. A contribution on multimodal argumentation is also included. All contributing authors are actively engaged in the International Learned Institute for Argumentation Studies (ILIAS).

Sonic Signatures is devoted to the representation of sound patterns and sound structures across a diverse range of typologically distinct languages with the overall aim of understanding the nature of linguistic data structures from a principled balance between representational economy and the interfaces of phonology with other domains including acoustic and visual. The volume embraces data spanning from Nivkh vowel harmony to Maxakalí sign language and from the representation of consonant clusters in adult Laurentian French and to those found in child Greek and child Brazilian Portuguese. The volume strives towards concrete commitments to the theoretical understanding of empirical territory both familiar but with a novel take (English stress) and novel but with immediate relevance (Hungarian suffix allomorphy). With authors contributing from five continents the book offers a range of perspectives on the representation of sound patterns while nonetheless retaining a tight focus on the core questions of which characteristics and signatures are specifically encoded for these patterns in the phonological component of the language faculty.

In recent years an increasing number of linguists have re-examined the question of whether markedness has explanatory power or whether it is a phenomenon that begs explanation itself. This volume brings together a collection of articles with a broad range of critical viewpoints on the notion of markedness in phonological theory. The contributions span a variety of phonological frameworks and relate to morphosyntax historical linguistics neurolinguistics biolinguistics and language typology. This volume will be of particular interest to phonologists of both synchronic and diachronic persuasions and has strong implications for the architecture of grammar with respect to phonology and its interfaces with morphosyntax and phonetics.

This book offers new perspectives into the description of the form meaning and function of Pragmatic Markers Discourse Markers and Modal Particles in a number of different languages along with new methods for identifying their ‘prototypical’ instances in situated language contexts often based on cross-linguistic comparisons. The papers collected in this volume also discuss different factors at play in processes of grammaticalization and pragmaticalization which include contact-induced change and pragmatic borrowing socio-interactional functional pressures and sociopragmatic indexicalities constraints of cognitive processing together with regularities in semantic change. Putting the traditional issues concerning the status delimitation and categorization of Pragmatic Markers Discourse Markers and Modal Particles somewhat off the stage the eighteen articles collected in this volume deal instead with general questions concerning the development and use of such procedural elements explored from different approaches both formal and functional and from a variety of perspectives – including corpus-based sociolinguistic and contrastive perspectives – and offering language-specific synchronic and diachronic studies.

This book presents an interdisciplinary study that straddles four academic fields namely autobiography stylistics narratology and translation studies. It shows that foregrounding is manifested in the language of autobiography alerting readers to an authorial tone with certain ideological affiliations. In refuting the presumed conflation between the author narrator and character in autobiography the study emphasizes readers’ role in constructing an implied author. The issues of implied translator assumed translation and rewriting are explored through a comparative analysis of the English and Chinese autobiographies by Singapore’s founding father Lee Kuan Yew. The analysis identifies different foregrounding practices and attributes these differences to an implied translator. Further evidence derived from narrative-communicative situations in the two autobiographies underscores divergent personae of the implied authors. The study aims to establish a deeper understanding of how translation and rewriting have a far-reaching impact on the self- and world-making functions of autobiography. This book will be of special interest to scholars and students of linguistics literature translation and political science.

This unique volume brings together various academic voices and critical reflections on discursive manifestations of hate and radicalism in contemporary public discourses. The authors venture into an array of socio-political contexts and public spaces providing a compelling overview of similarities and divergences continuities and discontinuities outward hatred and the “politics of denial” the use of collective symbols and construction of individual identities. Multiple genres are taken under scrutiny including blogs forums internet websites and newspaper coverage political speeches and debates news reports and broadcast interactions with a view to capturing the themes and pragma-rhetorical strategies within texts abundant with radical and hateful messages. In addition to examining discourse dynamics and the underlying logic of such texts the contributors to this monograph explore the ideological motivations and the consequences they might have for social actions on both an individual and collective level.

Highly relevant in the contemporary world divided by conflicts power and resource struggles right-wing extremism and crusades against the imaginary Other the book presents state-of-the-art interdisciplinary research that should be of interest to specialists in pragmatics rhetoric sociolinguistics discourse analysis corpus linguistics as well as media and communication studies.

Originally published as a special issue of Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 3:1 (2015).

Featuring multidisciplinary and transcultural investigations this volume showcases state-of-the-art scholarship about the impact of argumentation-based discourses and field-specific argumentation practices in a wide range of communities of practice belonging to the media social legal and political spheres. The investigations make use of integrative wide-ranging theoretical perspectives and empirical research methodologies with a focus on argumentation strategies in real-life environments both private and public and in constantly growing virtual environments. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This book brings together linguists argumentation scholars philosophers and communication specialists who convincingly show how interpersonal and/or intergroup interactions shape challenge or change the argumentative practices of users what argumentation skills and strategies become critical and consequential how argumentative discourse contexts may stimulate or prevent critical reflection and debate and what are the wider implications at personal institutional and societal levels. Reaching beyond the boundaries of linguistics and argumentation sciences this book should be a valuable resource for researchers as well as practitioners in the fields of pragmatic linguistics argumentation studies rhetoric discourse analysis political sciences and media studies.

This volume is the first book length study into the essive a relatively unknown case marker like English ‘as (a child)’. It focuses on the distribution of the essive in contemporary Uralic languages with special attention to the opposition between permanent and impermanent state. The volume presents large sets of new data and insights into the use of the essive in nineteen Uralic languages on the basis of a typological linguistic questionnaire. The typological variation is discussed within the linguistic domains of non-verbal main predication secondary predication complementation and manner temporal and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The descriptions and analyses are presented in such a way that they are accessible to linguists in general descriptive and theoretical linguists and specialists in Uralic and/or linguistic typology. The data and approach offer many starting points for further investigations within but also outside the Uralic language family.

This book combines scholarship in pragmatics linguistic anthropology and philosophy to address the problem of violence in language. How do words wound? What is the relation between physical and linguistic violence? How do racial invectives misogynous language homophobic slurs among other forms of hate speech affect the body and make us vulnerable to conditions of injurability that language brings about? While investigating the limits that violence poses for everyday speech action understanding representation and our shared frameworks of intelligibility this collective volume theoretically bridges knowledge from canons in linguistic pragmatics continental philosophy and linguistic/semiotic anthropology and the dialogic perspective of subjects who are located in the peripheries of South America and Europe. The scholarship gathered here intends to offer a perspective on the violence of words that is attentive to practices and sensibilities that do not always fit into hegemonic ideologies of self and language.

Focusing on objects this book aims at contributing to the on-going inquiry into modelling structures with missing arguments. In addition to offering detailed discussion and analyses of a unique combination of three very different systems (English Polish and Hungarian) a larger goal here is to provide a framework for deriving cross-linguistic and intra-linguistic variation in the domain of object drop. Variation of this type is hypothesised to follow first and foremost from the association of heads in the extended nominal projection with phonemic features and from the system of interpretation of nominal expressions in a language. The book will be of interest to both theoretically- and descriptively-oriented researchers since even though its focus is theoretical a detailed discussion of the empirical facts including some novel findings drawn from corpus studies and grammaticality judgements is also offered.

Contrastive Linguistics is an expanding field as witnessed by the publication in recent years of an increasing number of monographs collected volumes and journal articles. The present volume which comprises an introduction and ten chapters dealing with lexical contrasts between English and other languages shows advances within the well-established lexical work in the field. Each of the chapters takes lexical items as its starting point and compares English with one or more languages. The languages represented are Spanish Lithuanian Swedish German Norwegian and Czech. Furthermore they emphasise the link between lexis and grammar not only within the same language but also across languages. Finally several studies represent one of the more recent developments of contrastive linguistics namely a growing focus on genre and register comparisons. The book should appeal to both established scholars and advanced students with an interest in lexis genre corpus linguistics and/or contrastive linguistics.

Text comprehension is a critical area of psychological and educational research and has particular relevance to educational context. The general aim of this international volume Reading Comprehension in Educational Settings is to encourage excellence in research and to bring together teachers students researchers and other professionals from different disciplines (e.g. psychology linguistics neuroscience education information technology and communication) as well as all those members of the general public who have an interest in the study of reading. The specific objectives of the different chapters in this volume are to analyze existing methods of studying the various aspects of reading comprehension disseminate results already obtained by research groups working in the field and debate current and future trends in the study of reading.

Cultural keywords are words around which whole discourses are organised. They are culturally revealing difficult to translate and semantically diverse. They capture how speakers have paid attention to the worlds they live in and embody socially recognised ways of thinking and feeling. The book contributes to a global turn in cultural keyword studies by exploring keywords from discourse communities in Australia Brazil Hong Kong Japan Melanesia Mexico and Scandinavia. Providing new case studies the volume showcases the diversity of ways in which cultural logics form and shape discourse.

The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach is used as a unifying framework for the studies. This approach offers an attractive methodology for doing explorative discourse analysis on emic and culturally-sensitive grounds. Cultural Keywords in Discourse will be of interest to researchers and students of semantics pragmatics cultural discourse studies linguistic ethnography and intercultural communication.

This ground-breaking book marks a milestone in the history of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics a multidisciplinary area of research that explores the relationship between language and cultural conceptualisations. The most authoritative book in the field to date it outlines the theoretical and analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics elaborating on its key theoretical/analytical notions of cultural cognition cultural schema cultural category and cultural metaphor. In addition it brings to light a wide array of cultural conceptualisations drawn from many different languages and language varieties. The book reveals how the analytical tools of Cultural Linguistics can produce in-depth and insightful investigations into the cultural grounding of language in several domains and subdisciplines including embodiment emotion religion World Englishes pragmatics intercultural communication Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL) and political discourse analysis. By presenting a comprehensive survey of recent research in Cultural Linguistics this book demonstrates the relevance of the cultural conceptualisations encoded in language to all aspects of human life from the very conceptualisations of life and death to conceptualisations of emotion body humour religion gender kinship ageing marriage and politics. This book in short is a must-have reference work for scholars and students interested in Cultural Linguistics.

Pragmatics forms nowadays an integral part of the description not only of modern languages but also of ancient languages such as Latin and Ancient Greek. This book explores various pragmatic phenomena in these two languages which are accessible through corpora consisting of a broad range of text types. It comprises empirical synchronic studies that deal with three main topics: (i) speech acts and pragmatic markers (ii) word order and (iii) discourse markers and particles. The specificity of this book consists in the discussion and application of various methodological approaches. It provides new insights into the pragmatic phenomena encountered compares where possible the results of the investigation of the two languages and draws conclusions of a more general nature. The volume will be of interest to linguists working on pragmatics in general and to scholars of Latin and Ancient Greek in particular.

What is the conscious mind? What is experience? In 1968 David Armstrong asked “What is a man?” and replied that a man is “a certain sort of material object”. This book starts from his question but proceeds along a different path. The traditional mind-brain identity theory is set aside and a mind-object identity theory is proposed in its place: to be conscious of an object is simply to be made of that object. Consciousness is physical but not neural.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This groundbreaking hypothesis is supported by recent empirical findings in both perception and neuroscience and is herein tested against a series of objections of both conceptual and empirical nature: the traditional mind-brain identity arguments from illusion hallucinations dreams and mental imagery. The theory is then compared with existing externalist approaches including disjunctivism realism embodied cognition enactivism and the extended mind. Can experience and objects be one and the same?

The current volume contains a selection from papers presented at the 45th meeting of the Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL 45) which took place from May 6 to 9 2015 at the University of Campinas Brazil. A volume of selected papers such as this one will ultimately be successful contingent upon the success of the event itself which proved a strong commitment to theoretical and empirical rigor to the studies in Romance linguistics. All the chapters in this volume are high-quality papers on the state-of-the-art in linguistic research into Romance languages. The studies offer a variety of topics on the syntax phonology semantics-pragmatics L2 acquisition and contact situations of Romance languages (Peninsular and American Spanish; European Brazilian and African Portuguese; French; Italian) Romance dialects (Borgomanerese) and Romance-based creoles (Palenquero).

This book is the first collective volume specifically devoted to the multifaceted phenomenon of intensification which has been traditionally regarded as related to the expression of degree scaling a quality downwards or upwards. In spite of the large amount of studies on intensifiers there is still a need for the characterization of intensification as a distinct functional category in the domain of modification. The eighteen papers of the volume contribute to this aim with a new approach (mainly corpus-based). They focus on intensification from different perspectives (both synchronic and diachronic) and theoretical frameworks concern ancient languages (Hittite Greek Latin) and modern languages (mainly Italian German English Kiswahili) and involve different levels of analysis. They also identify and examine different types of intensifiers applied to different forms and structures such as adverbs adjectives evaluative affixes discourse markers reduplication exclamative clauses coordination prosodic elements and shed light on issues which have not been extensively studied so far.

The philosophy of language of Robert Brandom is based on a theoretical structure composed of three main elements: the normative analysis of linguistic practices the inferential characterization of conceptual contents and the expressive articulation of the relations between the former two. Normative pragmatics aims to explain how linguistic practices are sufficient to confer contentful states in those who engage in them. Inferential semantics provides a theory of such pragmatic significances in terms of the inferential relations that articulate conceptual contents. Rational expressivism is the thesis that concept application is essentially a process of turning something that can only be done into something that can also be said. Such a threefold structure is the core of normative inferentialism. This book is a concise self-contained and comprehensive presentation of this philosophical enterprise. It guides the reader through the analysis of Brandom's imposing theoretical apparatus the discovery of the roots of his approach in American pragmatism and German idealism till the exploration of some of its most interesting and recent outcomes in pragmatics and semantics. It is a valuable resource for both those who approach Brandom's work for the first time and those who are interested in the potential of normative inferentialism.

Translation practice and workflows have witnessed significant changes during the last decade. New market demands to handle digital content as well as technological advances are leading this transition. The development and integration of machine translation systems have given post-editing practices a reason to be in the context of professional translation services. Translators may still work from a source text but more often than not they are presented with already translated text involving different degrees of translation automation. This scenario radically changes the cognitive demands of translation.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Technological development has inevitably influenced the translation research agenda as well. It has provided new means of penetrating deeper into the cognitive processes that make translation possible and has endorsed new concepts and theories to understand the translation process. Computational analysis of eye movements and keystroke behaviour provides us with new insights into translational reading processes of literality effects of directionality similarities between inter- and intralingual translation as well as the effects of post-editing on cognitive processes and on the quality of the final outcome. <br/>All of these themes are explored in-depth in the articles in this volume which presents new and valuable insights to anyone interested in what is currently happening in empirical process-oriented translation research.<br/>

This book offers an original treatment of the Italian clitic si. Sharply separating encoded grammar from inference in discourse it proposes a unitary meaning for si including impersonals passives and reflexives. Si signals third-person participancy but makes no distinctions of number gender or case role. The analysis advances the Columbia School framework by relying on just these straightforward oppositions attributing variety of interpretation largely to language use rather than to grammar. The analysis places si within a network of oppositions involving all the other clitics. Data come primarily from twentieth-century and more recent published and on-line literature. The book will be of interest to functional linguists students of reflexivity and scholars of the Italian language.

Maps and Mapping in Children’s Literature is the first comprehensive study that investigates the representation of maps in children’s books as well as the impact of mapping on the depiction of landscapes seascapes and cityscapes in children’s literature. The chapters in this volume pursue a comparative approach as they represent a wide spectrum of diverse genres and national children’s literatures by examining a wealth of children’s books from Canada Denmark Germany Italy Norway Russia the United Kingdom and the USA. The theoretical and methodological approaches range from literary studies developmental psychology maps and geography literacy ecocriticism historical contextualization with both new historicist and political-historical leanings and intermediality to materialist cartographies cultural studies island studies and genre studies. By this this volume aims at embedding children’s literature in a broader field of literary and cultural studies thus situating children’s literature research within a general context of literary theory.

Published in 2005 Michael Hoey’s Lexical Priming – A new theory of words and language introduced a completely new theory of language based on how words are used in the real world. In the ten years that have passed the theory has since gained traction in the field of corpus-linguistics. This volume brings together some of the most important contributions to the theory in areas such as language teaching and learning discourse analysis stylistics as well as the design of language learning software. Crucially this book introduces aspects of the language that have so far been given less focus in lexical priming such as spoken language figurative language forced primings priming as predictor of genre and historical primings. The volume also focuses on applying the lexical priming theory to languages other than English including Mandarin Chinese and Finnish.

This volume offers a unique combination of interdisciplinary research and a comprehensive overview of motion and space studies from a semantic typological perspective. The chapters present cutting-edge research covering central topics such as the status of semantic components in motion event descriptions and their role in typological variation the function of linguistic multimodal structures for the codification of motion the diachronic evolution of motion expressions and its effects on motion typologies the correspondences between physical and non-physical (fictive metaphorical) motion and the impact of contexts and genres on the characterization and interpretation of motion events. These issues are examined from a theoretical and applied linguistic perspective (L1–L2 acquisition translation/interpreting). The analyses make use of diachronic and synchronic data collected by a range of methods (elicitation experimentation and corpus research) in more than fifteen languages. All in all this book will be of great value to scholars and students interested in the expression of motion and space across languages.

The aim of the present volume is to provide a present-day take on variation in terminology by looking forward and examining what leading scholars in the field are working on and where they are taking research in the field today.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This reader is built around three themes arranged according to complementary points of view to stimulate thought on the subject of variation as it is approached today. The first theme “The social dimension of variation” includes three contributions dealing with variation across different categories of speakers. This reflects not only the expert/layperson dichotomy but also other more original polarities as the emotional dimension and the issue of diastratic variation across LSPs. The second part of this reader puts forward different tools and methods to identify describe and manage term variation. The third theme of this reader questions semantics of term variation through the topics of concept saturation multidimensionality and metaphor.<br/>Variation through this picture of current studies proves to be the touchstone for the understanding of the major issues of terminology research today. The included papers draw on research in terminology carried out in different language communities - Spanish French Portuguese Italian and Dutch in particular - thereby opening up a window on much of the research carried out in these cultural areas. <br/>

This book focuses on important methodological and theoretical issues in Chinese and Japanese L1 and L2 acquisition. All contributions discuss experiments using the Truth Value Judgment Task (TVJT) on three syntactic and semantic domains binding scope interaction and wh- and logical expressions. The issues in these grammatical domains are particularly well suited for TVJT studies as the task allows for the testing of particular interpretations among alternative representations and reveals children’s and adults’ understandings of these constructions. The book is a tribute to Stephen Crain’s contribution to the field of Chinese and Japanese language acquisition within the framework of Generative Grammar. It is a state-of-the-art collection that offers a picture of cutting-edge research on children’s and adult’s Chinese and Japanese acquisition. Readers will find the book a rich source of ideas and the starting point of new projects.

Space is a fundamental dimension of human life and is pervasive in human experience. Research on space has highlighted the possible asymmetrical nature of spatial relations. Differences in the encoding of goals and sources of motion are a case in point and cross-linguistic coding tendencies show that path is less frequently flagged by a dedicated case than goal source/origin and (static) location (locative). Interestingly such asymmetries may correlate with certain types of landmark as in the case of toponyms or of animate entities. Even though these issues have been focused upon both in typological and psycholinguistic research they remain largely open. The papers in this collection aim to show that a diachronic approach may shed light on the way in which asymmetries in the space domain come about over time thus contributing to the clarification of synchronically puzzling facts.

Prototypical Argumentative Patterns reports about a research project started at the University of Amsterdam in 2012. In this project distinctive argumentative patterns have been identified in argumentative discourse in the political the legal and the medical domain. These patterns consist of constellations of argumentative moves in which in order to deal with a particular kind of difference of opinion in defence of a particular type of standpoint a particular argument scheme or combination of argument schemes is used in a particular kind of argumentation structure. The composition of these prototypical argumentative patterns can be explained by referring to the institutional characteristics of the communicative activity types in which they occur. By exploring the relationship between argumentative discourse and the institutional context Frans van Eemeren Bart Garssen Corina Andone Eveline Feteris and Francisca Snoeck Henkemans have provided a new and illuminating perspective on the context-dependency of argumentative discourse.

This book addresses term variation which has been a very important topic in terminology computational terminology and natural language processing for up to twenty years. This book presents the first complete inventory of term variants and the linguistic procedures that lead to their formation. It also takes into account issues raised by multilingual applications and presents ways to detect variants in five different languages: French English German Spanish and Russian.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The book provides insights into the following issues: What is a variant? What are the main linguistic mechanisms involved in the transformation of base terms into variants? How can variants be automatically detected in texts? Should variation be taken into account in natural language processing applications?<br/>This book is targeted at terminologists and linguists interested in term variation as well as researchers in natural language processing and computer science that must handle term variants in different kinds of applications.

Since its onset the Greek crisis has given rise to an abundance of relevant text and talk. This volume offers an insider’s view of the discursive manifestations of the crisis focusing on discourses in the Greek language and by Greek social actors. The contributions investigate the diverse ways in which the crisis has been communicated to the public by domestic policymakers or debated by elite non-elite and resistant participants. Crisis discourses are also examined in the light of the rise of neo-nationalism and the extreme Right in both Greece and Cyprus. All contributions seek to meaningfully combine critical discourse and corpus linguistics perspectives for a better understanding of the Greek crisis as a socio-economic episode and as a discourse construct. Discourse-driven quantification and corpus-driven quantification complement each other in the critical examination of textual data as diverse as official government communications party leader speeches newspaper articles public assembly resolutions song lyrics social media commentary and terrorist proclamations.

This posthumous work by Jacques Arends offers new insights into the emergence of the creole languages of Suriname including Sranantongo or Suriname Plantation Creole Ndyuka and Saramaccan and the sociohistorical context in which they developed. Drawing on a wealth of sources including little known historical texts the author points out the relevance of European settlements prior to colonization by the English in 1651 and concludes that the formation of the Surinamese creoles goes back further than generally assumed. He provides an all-encompassing sociolinguistic overview of the colony up to the mid-19th century and shows how ethnicity language attitude religion and location had an effect on which languages were spoken by whom. The author discusses creole data gleaned from the earliest sources and interprets the attested variation. The book is completed by annotated textual data both oral and written and representing different genres and stages of the Surinamese creoles. It will be of interest to linguists historians anthropologists literary scholars and anyone interested in Suriname.

Among emotions surprise has been extensively studied in psychology. In linguistics surprise like other emotions has mainly been studied through the syntactic patterns involving surprise lexemes. However little has been done so far to correlate the reaction of surprise investigated in psychological approaches and the effects of surprise on language. This cross-disciplinary volume aims to bridge the gap between emotion cognition and language by bringing together nine contributions on surprise from different backgrounds – psychology human-agent interaction linguistics. Using different methods at different levels of analysis all contributors concur in defining surprise as a cognitive operation and as a component of emotion rather than as a pure emotion. Surprise results from expectations not being met and is therefore related to epistemicity. Linguistically there does not exist an unequivocal marker of surprise. Surprise may be either described by surprise lexemes which are often associated with figurative language or it may be expressed by grammatical and syntactic constructions. Originally published as a special issue of Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13:2 (2015)

This book presents the latest research on the syntax of the “Insular Scandinavian” languages (Faroese and Icelandic) with contributions from thirteen experts and a significant introductory chapter by the four editors. The topics covered include some that have figured extensively in recent literature on Scandinavian syntax and its implications for syntactic theory: case agreement embedded clause word order stylistic fronting and the nature of “expletive” constructions. The volume is conceived around the topic of variation both within and between the two languages studied—as well as more generally—and stands out for the wealth of new empirical detail from both Faroese and Icelandic relating to each of the topics and theoretical issues discussed. Each chapter is written in a way to make it accessible to a wide audience within linguistics; the book will be essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in the syntax of the Germanic languages.

The proposed framework of concept linking combines insights of construction grammar with those of traditional functional descriptions to explain particularly challenging but often neglected areas of English grammar such as negation modality adverbials and non-finite constructions. To reach this goal the idea of a unified network of constructions is replaced by the triad of verb-mediated constructions attribution and scope-based perspectivizing each of them understood as a syntactically effective concept-linking mechanism in its own right but involved in interfaces with the other mechanisms.

In addition concept linking supplies a novel approach to early child language. It casts fresh light on widely accepted descriptions of early two-word utterances and verb islands in usage-based models of language acquisition and encourages a new view of children’s ‘mistakes’.

Intended readership: Constructionist and cognitive linguists; linguists and psychologists interested in language acquisition; teachers and students of English grammar and grammar in general.

Within Construction Grammar this volume moves away from a compartmentalized view of constructions with the aim of providing a more holistic description of grammar. Thus the book brings together analyses that look at constructional families within the “constructicon” of such languages as English Spanish German Polish Croatian and Hungarian. Part 1 focuses on how different analytical perspectives may be applied to comparable and/or connected constructions with a view to enhancing our understanding of their similarities differences and relations. Part 2 contributes to the state of the art in Construction Grammar in three ways: (i) by reconciling aspects of various constructionist analyses; (ii) by determining to what extent competing constructionist perspectives can offer more adequate approaches to specific analytical needs; and (iii) by challenging central assumptions within Construction Grammar. This book is expected to encourage further research into the anatomy of constructional families and their interrelations in all domains of constructional organization.

Language Contact in Africa and the African Diaspora in the Americas brings together the original research of nineteen leading scholars on language contact and pidgin/creole genesis. In recent decades increasing attention has been paid to the role of historical cultural and demographic factors in language contact situations. John Victor Singler’s body of work a model of what such a research paradigm should look like strikes a careful balance between sociohistorical and linguistic analysis. The case studies in this volume present investigations into the sociohistorical matrix of language contact and critical insights into the sociolinguistic consequences of language contact within Africa and the African Diaspora. Additionally they contribute to ongoing debates about pidgin/creole genesis and language contact by examining and comparing analyses and linguistic outcomes of particular sociohistorical and cultural contexts and considering less-studied factors such as speaker agency and identity in the emergence nativization and stabilization of contact varieties.

Language-contact phenomena in Mesoamerica and adjacent regions present an exciting field for research that has the potential to significantly contribute to our understanding of language contact and the role that it plays in language change. This volume presents and analyzes fresh empirical data from living and/or extinct Mesoamerican languages (from the Mayan Uto-Aztecan Totonac-Tepehuan and Otomanguean groups) neighboring non-Mesoamerican languages (Apachean Arawakan Andean languages) as well as Spanish. Language-contact effects in these diverse languages and language groups are typically analyzed by different subfields of linguistics that do not necessarily interact with one another. It is hoped that this volume which contains works from different scholarly traditions that represent a variety of approaches to the study of language contact will contribute to the lessening of this compartmentalization. The volume is relevant to researchers of language contact and contact-induced change and to anyone interested both in the historical development and present features of indigenous languages of the Americas and Latin American Spanish.