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Statements are always under the threat of the potential counter-question How do you know? To pre-empt this question language users often indicate what kind of access they had to the communicated content: Their own perception inference from other information ‘hearsay’ etc. Such expressions grammatical or lexical have been studied in recent years under the cover term of evidentiality research. The present volume contributes 11 new studies to this flourishing field all exploring evidential phenomena in a range of languages (Dutch Estonian Finnish French German Khalkha Mongolian Spanish Tibetan Yurakaré) using a variety of methodologies. Evidential meaning is discussed in relation to other semantic dimensions such as epistemic modality semantic roles commitment quotative meaning and tense. The volume is of interest to scholars and students who are interested in up-to-date methods and frameworks for studying evidential meaning and the various ways it is expressed in the languages of the world.

In constructionist theory a constructicon is an inventory of constructions making up the full set of linguistic units in a language. In applied practice it is a set of construction descriptions – a “dictionary of constructions”. The development of constructicons in the latter sense typically means combining principles of both construction grammar and lexicography and is probably best characterized as a blend between the two traditions. We call this blend constructicography.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The present volume is a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field of constructicography. After a general introduction follow six chapters presenting constructicon projects for English German Japanese Brazilian Portuguese Russian and Swedish respectively often in relation to a framenet of the language. In addition there is a chapter addressing the interplay between linguistics and language technology in constructicon development and a final chapter exploring the prospects for interlingual constructicography.<br/>This is the first major publication devoted to constructicon development and it should be particularly relevant for those interested in construction grammar frame semantics lexicography the relation between grammar and lexicon or linguistically informed language technology.

The last two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth of interest in what are variously termed discourse markers or discourse particles. The greatest area of growth has centered on particles that occur in sentence-initial or turn-initial position and this interest intersects with a long-standing focus in Conversation Analysis on turn-taking and turn-construction. This volume brings together conversation analytic studies of turn-initial particles in interactions in fourteen languages geographically widely distributed (Europe America Asia and Australia). The contributions show the significance of turn-initial particles in three key areas of turn and sequence organization: (i) the management of departures from expected next actions (ii) the projection of the speaker's epistemic stance and (iii) the management of overall activities implemented across sequences. Taken together the papers demonstrate the crucial importance of the positioning of particles within turns and sequences for the projection and management of social actions and for relationships between speakers.

Typological hierarchies are widely perceived as one of the most important results of research on language universals and linguistic diversity. Explanations for typological hierarchies however are usually based on the synchronic properties of the patterns described by individual hierarchies not the actual diachronic processes that give rise to these patterns cross-linguistically. This book aims to explore in what ways the investigation of such processes can further our understanding of typological hierarchies. To this end diachronic evidence about the origins of several phenomena described by typological hierarchies is discussed for several languages by a number of leading scholars in typology historical linguistics and language documentation. This evidence suggests a rethinking of possible explanations for typological hierarchies as well as the very notion of typological universals in general. For this reason the book will be of interest not only to the broad typological community but also historical linguists cognitive linguists and psycholinguists.

In the three decades of its existence the annual Going Romance conference has turned out to be the major European discussion forum for theoretically relevant research on Romance languages where current theoretical ideas about language in general and about Romance languages in particular are exchanged. The twenty-ninth Going Romance conference was organized by the Radboud University and took place in December 2015 in Nijmegen. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The present volume contains a selection of 18 peer-reviewed articles dealing with syntax phonology morphology semantics and acquisition of the Romance languages. They represent the wide range of topics at the conference and the variety of research carried out on Romance languages within theoretical linguistics and will be of interest to scholars in Romance and in general linguistics.

Though positioning has been addressed in social psychology and in identity construction less attention has been paid to the specific linguistic markers which are drawn upon in discourse to position the self and other(s). This volume focusses on address terms pragmatic markers code switching/choice and orthography the indexicalities of which are explored in different communicative activities. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume is unusual in: i) the range of languages which are covered: Bergamasco Brazilian Portuguese English Finnish French Georgian Greek Italian Latin Russian Spanish and Swedish; ii) the inclusion of different communicative settings and text-types: workplace emails everyday and institutional conversations interviews migrant narratives radio phone-ins dyadic and group settings road-signs service encounters; iii) its consideration of both synchronic and diachronic factors; iv) its mix of theoretical and methodological approaches.<br/>The volume illustrates some of the linguistic means speakers draw on to position themselves and others and hopes to stimulate further research studies in this vein.

A History of Modern Translation Knowledge is the first attempt to map the coming into being of modern thinking about translation. It breaks with the well-established tradition of viewing history through the reductive lens of schools theories turns or interdisciplinary exchanges. It also challenges the artificial distinction between past and present and it sustains that the latter’s historical roots go back far beyond the 1970s. Translation Studies is but part of a broader set of discourses on translation we propose to label “translation knowledge”. This book concentrates on seven processes that make up the history of modern translation knowledge: generating mapping internationalising historicising analysing disseminating and applying knowledge. All processes are covered by 58 domain experts and allocated over 55 chapters with cross-references. This book is indispensable reading for advanced Master- and PhD-students in Translation Studies who need background information on the history of their field with relevance for Europe the Americas and large parts of Asia. It will also interest students and scholars working in cultural and social history.

The exponential growth of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) in the last three decades has consolidated its place as an area of study within Translation Studies (TS). However AVT is still a young domain currently exploring a number of different lines of inquiry without a specific methodological and theoretical framework.

This volume discusses the advantages and drawbacks of ten approaches to AVT and highlights the potential avenues opened up by new methods. Our aim is to jumpstart the discussion on the (in)adequacy of the methodologies imported from other disciplines and the need (or not) for a conceptual apparatus and framework of analysis specific to AVT.

This collective work relates to recent edited volumes that seek to take stock on research in AVT but it distinguishes itself from those publications by promoting links in what is now a very fragmented field. Originally published as a special issue of Target 28:2 (2016).

How do the experiences of people who have different bodies (deaf versus hearing) shape their thoughts and metaphors? Do different linguistic modes of expression (signed versus spoken) have a shaping force as well? This book investigates the metaphorical production of culturally-Deaf translators who work from English to American Sign Language (ASL). It describes how Event Structure Metaphors are handled across languages of two different modalities. Through the use of corpus-based evidence several specific questions are addressed: are the main branches of Event Structure Metaphors – the Location and Object branches – exhibited in ASL? Are these two branches adequate to explain the event-related linguistic metaphors identified in the translation corpus? To what extent do translators maintain shift add and omit expressions of these metaphors? While answering these specific questions this book makes a significant elaboration to the two-branch theory of Event Structure Metaphors. It raises larger questions of how bilinguals handle competing conceptualizations of events and contributes to emerging interest in how body specificity linguistic modes and cultural context affect metaphoric variability.

This volume examines the way participants orient to aspects of their interactions with others as interpersonally sensitive across an array of languages and contemporary institutional settings. The individual chapters address interactional episodes where the participants signal that elements of the exchanges they are engaged in are problematic in terms of the vulnerability of their own and/or each other’s face and the role-identities assumed throughout the interactions.

The volume contributors examine a range of activities. In some of these an orientation to interpersonal sensitivity is expected such as citizens’ encounters with traffic police officers negotiations with a line manager political news interviews or public inquiries. Other types of activity such as service calls or guided tours involve no such expectations in and of themselves. In some cases the situated vulnerabilities studied here whether expected or not lead to deviation from the expected trajectory of the communicative event with implications for goal achievement.

The collection of papers draws on diverse analytic perspectives. These include interactional discourse analysis interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The diversity of languages and institutional environments examined will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in face-to-face interaction and serve to stimulate debate in the field of pragmatics and beyond.

Originally published as special issue of Pragmatics and Society 7:4 (2016).