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The city as a complex socio-cultural structure plays a central role economically administratively as well as culturally. Factors such as higher population density a more expansive infrastructure and larger social and cultural diversity compared to rural areas have a substantial impact on urban society and urban communication.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Focusing on the latter the contributions to this volume discuss the characteristics and dynamics of urban language use considering aspects such as contact variation and change as well as identity indexicality and attitudes but also spatial factors including mobility urbanisation/counterurbanisation and diffusion processes.<br/>The collected articles provide an update of ‘first wave’ approaches of variationist sociolinguistics but also establish a connection to ‘third wave’ research for readers from a broad range of fields especially sociolinguistics variationist linguistics and dialectology. The book presents modern methodological and conceptual ideas and a wealth of new findings but also serves as a reference work combining theoretical discussions with results from recent empirical studies.

This volume contains a selection of 18 peer-reviewed papers presented at the 31st edition of Going Romance. Phenomena found in Romance languages (European Portuguese French Italian Spanish Romanian) in Romance dialects (Cosentino Salentino southern Calabrese Neapolitan and Trevigiano) and even in creoles with a Romance lexifier (Makista and Kristang) either benefit from in-depth analyses confined to one single variety or are subjected to comparative analysis (dialect vs standard language dialect vs different major language(s) cross-dialectal comparison cross-Romance comparison and even comparison of language families). Theoretical and experimental approaches complement one another as do diachrony and synchrony. Individually and as a whole these contributions show how the Romance languages contribute to a better understanding of issues which are relevant in the current linguistic landscape: acquisition n-words ellipsis phenomena focus and polarity ditransitive constructions grammaticalization theory differential object marking language ecology event structure cyclicity passives and many more.

This volume examines changing boundaries between childhood and adulthood in British society and culture at the beginning of the twenty-first century − where these age boundaries are widely debated policed and contested − to investigate alternatives to conventional ideas of growing up. Building on observations especially in children’s literature criticism that human growth is shaped by a grand narrative that privileges adulthood and on terminologies of non-normative growth particularly in queer theory this monograph develops growing sideways as a concept that queers this grand narrative by destabilising childhood and adulthood and the boundaries between them. The concept is refined through close readings of twenty-first century British children’s literature television series film and participatory events troubling age boundaries via specific strategies in three conceptual areas: appearance play and space. Exploring power structures around age and gender this monograph traces growing sideways as a distinct and important alternative discourse of human growth.

Sensory Experiences: Exploring meaning and the senses describes the collective elaboration of a situated cognitive approach with an emphasis on the relations between language and cognition within and across different sensory modalities and practices. This approach grounded in 40 years of empirical research is a departure from the analytic reductive view of human experiences as information processing.

The book is structured into two parts. Each author first introduces the situated cognitive approach from their respective sensory domains (vision audition olfaction gustation). The second part is the collective effort to derive methodological guidelines respecting the ecological validity of experimental investigations while formulating operational answers to applied questions (such as the sensory quality of environments and product design).

This book will be of interest to students researchers and practitioners dealing with sensory experiences and anyone who wants to understand and celebrate the cultural diversity of human productions that make life enjoyable!

As the first collective volume to focus exclusively on corpus-based approaches to register variation this book provides an exhaustive account of the range and depth of possibilities that the domain of register variation in English has to offer. It illustrates register variation analysis in different theoretical frameworks such as Probabilistic Grammar Systemic Functional Linguistics and Information Theory and proposes a new framework within the Text Linguistic Approach: the continuous-situational analytical framework. Several of the contributions apply Multi-Dimensional Analysis to corpus data in order to unveil register (dis)similarities while others rely on logistic regression models and periodization techniques based on Kullback-Leibler divergence. The volume includes both inter-register and intra-register variation analysis of a wide spectrum of varieties speakers and periods: British and American English learner varieties L2 varieties and also contains diachronic studies covering early and late Modern English. This broad scope should be a source of inspiration for anyone interested in historical and ongoing register variation in a vast range of varieties of English worldwide.

The essays collected in this volume engage in a conversation among lexicography the culture of the book and the canonization and commemoration of English literary figures and their works in the long eighteenth century. The source of inspiration for each piece is Allen Reddick’s scholarship on Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) the great English lexicographer whose Dictionary (1755) included thousands upon thousands of illustrative quotations from the “best” authors and more recently on Thomas Hollis (1720-1774) the much less well-known bibliophile who sent gifts of books by a pantheon of Whig authors to individuals and libraries in Britain Protestant bastions in continental Europe and America. Between the covers of Words Books Images readers will encounter canonical English authors of prose and poetry—Bacon Milton Defoe Dryden Pope Richardson Swift Byron Mary Shelley and Edward Lear. But they will also become acquainted with the agents of their canonization and commemoration—the printers and publishers of Grub Street the biographer John Aubrey the lexicographer and biographer Johnson the bibliophile Hollis and the portrait painter Reynolds. No less crucially they will meet fellow readers of then and now—women and men who peruse poach snip and savour a book’s every word and image.

Large computational lexicons are central NLP resources. Swedish FrameNet++ aims to be a versatile full-scale lexical resource for NLP containing many kinds of linguistic information. Although focused on Swedish this ongoing effort which includes building a new Swedish framenet and recycling existing lexicons has offered valuable insights into general aspects of lexical-resource building for NLP which are discussed in this book: computational and linguistic problems of lexical semantics and lexical typology the nature of lexical items (words and multiword expressions) achieving interoperability among heterogeneous lexical content NLP methods for extending and interlinking existing lexicons and deploying the new resource in practical NLP applications. This book is targeted at everyone with an interest in lexicography computational lexicography lexical typology lexical semantics linguistics computational linguistics and related fields. We believe it should be of particular interest to those who are or have been involved in language resource creation development and evaluation.

The book presents a new perspective on clausal syntax and its interactions with lexical and discourse function information by analysing Hungarian sentences. It also demonstrates ways in which grammar engineering implementations can provide insights into how complex linguistic processes interact. It analyses the most important phenomena in the preverbal domain of Hungarian finite declarative and wh-clauses: sentence structure operators verbal modifiers negation and copula constructions. Based on the results of earlier generative linguistic research it presents the fundamental empirical generalisations and offers a comparative critical assessment of the most salient analyses in a variety of generative linguistic models from its own perspective. It argues for a lexical approach to the relevant phenomena and develops the first comprehensive analysis in the theoretical framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. It also reports the successful implementation of crucial aspects of this analysis in the computational linguistic platform of the theory Xerox Linguistic Environment.

This book aims to contribute to the knowledge of the cultural and linguistic relations between Italy and the Crown of Aragon in the 15th century. In particular it studies some relevant aspects of the chivalric romance entitled Curial e Guelfa written in Italy around 1443-1448 in Catalan but mainly Italian in spirit sources and onomastics. It is probably the very first work of a genre known as “humanistic chivalry” the epitome of which will be Ariosto’s Orlando furioso.

The literary context of Milan and Naples (The Three Crowns Troubadour Lyrics Humanism) is analyzed in the first part of the volume. It is this context that made possible the gestation of the Curial an extraordinary anonymous romance which was most likely written by the knight Enyego d’Àvalos (Inico d’Avalos) born in Toledo but raised in Valencia. The second part of the volume is devoted to the study of some lexical stylistic and syntactic aspects of the Curial which show the author's excellent knowledge of Catalan and the constant influence of Italian in the romance.



Questo libro si propone di contribuire alla conoscenza delle relazioni culturali tra l'Italia e la Corona d’Aragona nel XV secolo. In particolare studia il romanzo dal titolo Curial e Güelfa scritto in Italia intorno al 1443-1448 dotato di italianità fonti e onomastica ma scritto in catalano. È probabilmente la primissima opera di un genere noto come “cavalleria umanistica| la cui epitome sarebbe l’Orlando Furioso dell’Ariosto.

Questo volume analizza il contesto letterario di Milano e Napoli che ha reso possibile questo straordinario romanzo anonimo di cui conosciamo ormai con quasi assoluta certezza che il suo autore era Enyego o Inico d'Avalos. I contributi in questo volume approfondiscono alcuni degli aspetti lessicali stilistici e sintattici di Curial e Güelfa e mettono in evidenza l'eccellente conoscenza del catalano da parte del suo autore nonché la presenza onnipresente della lingua italiana.

El libro pretende contribuir al conocimiento de las relaciones culturales entre Italia y la Corona de Aragón en el siglo XV. En concreto se ocupa de la novela Curial e Güelfa gestada en Italia hacia 1443-1448 de espíritu fuentes y onomástica principalmente italianos pero redactada en lengua catalana. Es probablemente la manifestación más primeriza del género literario conocido como “caballería humanística” que tendrá su punto culminante con el Orlando furioso d’Ariosto.

Este volumen analiza el contexto literario de Milán y Nápoles que hizo posible esta extraordinaria novela anónima de la que ahora sabemos con casi absoluta certeza que su autor fue Enyego o Inico d’Avalos. Las contribuciones de este volumen profundizan en algunos de los aspectos léxicos estilísticos y sintácticos de Curial e Güelfa y destacan el excelente conocimiento del catalán de su autor así como la presencia omnipresente de la lengua italiana.

This volume includes fourteen papers on the acquisition of Romance languages eleven of which were presented at the Romance Turn 9 held in Bucharest in September 2018. The studies offer new insights into central issues in the literature such as syntactic complexity in both typical and impaired language settings intervention effects the acquisition of phenomena which involve both syntactic parameters and an external interface as well as cross-linguistic interference effects. They present novel longitudinal and experimental data on the first language acquisition and second language learning of French Italian European and Brazilian Portuguese Romanian and Spanish. A unique feature of this volume is the focus on the interaction of language specific properties and of factors which are not specific to the faculty of language in the narrow sense such as data processing the nature of the input discourse structure computational load sociolinguistic properties and the development of Theory of Mind.

COST Action IS0804 “Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment” aimed to profile bilingual specific language impairment (biSLI) by establishing a network for research on the linguistic and cognitive abilities of bilingual children with SLI across different migrant communities. A battery of tools for Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings (LITMUS) was designed within the Action to achieve these aims including the Parental Bilingual Questionnaire the Sentence Repetition Task the Crosslinguistic Lexical Tasks the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives and two nonword repetition tasks that are not language-specific. The chapters in this volume present research on one or more of the LITMUS tasks in bilingual children with typical language development and on use of the LITMUS testing battery for identifying possible language impairment. The work presented here will be of interest for researchers and clinicians alike and have profound impact in our understanding of bilingual language development and impairment.

Anchored in historical pragmatics historical sociolinguistics and corpus linguistics this book weaves together a powerful narrative of the significance of stance marking in the history of English. Focusing on the community of practice that developed during the witch trials in Salem (Massachusetts) in 1692–1693 it showcases how witnesses and the recorders of their ca. 450 depositions deployed linguistic features to signal the evaluation of experiences with alleged witchcraft the intensification of those experiences and the sources of the witnesses’ knowledge. The resulting stance profiles for groups of depositions witnesses and recorders highlight varying strategies of claiming supporting and boosting the importance of the evidence and the role of the witnesses within the community of practice. With its innovative focus on sociopragmatic variation in a historical community the book demonstrates the essential contribution of synchronic-historical research to the analysis description and theorization of stance and historical English more broadly.

Health interpreters and translators often face unpredictable assignments in the multifaceted healthcare setting. This book is based on the very popular international publication (Crezee 2013) and has been supplemented with commonly asked questions and glossaries in Russian. Just like the 2013 textbook this practical resource will allow interpreters and translators to quickly read up on healthcare settings familiarizing themselves with anatomy physiology medical terminology and frequently encountered medical conditions diagnostic tests and treatment options.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This is an exceptionally useful and easily accessible handbook in particular for interpreters translators educators and other practitioners working between Russian and English.<br/>Russian-speakers represent a rich and diverse range of historical religious and cultural traditions. This book covers some of those while also describing the Russian health system and touching on cultural beliefs and natural medicine approaches.<br/>This unique book is an indispensable vade mecum (‘go with me’) for anyone wanting to navigate language access involving speakers of Russian in the health setting.

This volume explores how Diachronic Construction Grammar can shed new light on changes in a central and well-researched domain of grammar namely modality. Its main goal is to show how constructional analyses can help us address some of the long-standing questions that have informed discussions of modal expressions and their development and to illustrate the processes that are involved in these developments on the basis of data from languages such as English Finnish French Galician German and Japanese. The studies in this volume are organized around three interrelated topics. The first of these concerns the organization of modal constructions in a network. A second focus area of the studies in this volume concerns the developmental pathways that modal constructions follow diachronically. The third topic that ties the contributions of this volume together is the contrast between constructionalization and constructional change.

What impact do accents have on our lives as we interact with one another? Are accents more than simple sets of phonetic features that allow us to differentiate from one dialect variety or style to the other? What power relationships are at work when we speak with what those around us perceive as an 'accent'? In the 12 chapters of this volume an international group of sociolinguists applied linguists anthropologists and scholars in media studies develop an innovative approach that we describe as the ‘pragmatics of accents’. In this volume we present a variety of languages and go beyond the traditional structural description of accents. From ideologies in national contexts to L2 education to accent discrimination in the media and the workplace this volume embraces a new perspective that focuses on the use of accents as symbolic resources and emphasizes the importance of context in the human experience of accents.

This book illustrates recent developments in cartographic studies seen from a comparative perspective. The different chapters explore various aspects of theoretical and descriptive syntax bearing on such topics as selection causativity binding light verb constructions the structure of the high and low peripheral zones. Syntactic issues in the study of dialects and ancient languages are also addressed. The languages investigated include French Hebrew Standard Dutch and the Ghent dialect Etruscan Japanese English Arabic Mandarin Chinese and the Teochew dialect. The intended readers of this book include researchers and students working on natural language syntax the interface between syntax and semantics/pragmatics and comparative and typological linguistics as well as scholars interested in particular languages such as East Asian and Romance languages.

This book illustrates the use of ethnography as an analytical approach to investigate academic writing and provides critical insights into how academic writing research can benefit from the use of ethnographic methods. Throughout its six theoretical and practice-oriented studies together with the introductory chapter foreword and afterword ethnography-related concepts like thick description deep theorizing participatory research research reflexivity or ethics are discussed against the affordances of ethnography for the study of academic writing. The book is key reading for scholars researchers and instructors in the areas of applied linguistics academic writing academic literacies and genre studies. It will also be useful to those lecturers and postgraduate students working in English for Academic Purposes and disciplinary writing. The volume provides ethnographically-oriented researchers with clear pointers about how to incorporate the telling of the inside story into their traditional main role as observers.

From its beginnings the study of the mental lexicon has been at the crossroads of research and scholarship. This volume presents a polylogue--a textual conversation of many voices. It is designed to capture the excitement within the field and generate a deeper understanding of key issues and debates for established researchers students and readers interested in language and cognition. The first chapter examines how the mental lexicon itself can be seen as a polylogue. In the following six chapters authors tackle the fundamental questions concerning future research on lexical representation and processing in an interactive structure that presents new perspectives and captures the excitement of the field. The themes include the value of cross-linguistic megastudies the nature of meaning how to capture truly natural language what can be learned from lexical acquisition the advantages of a functionalist perspective and the role of schemas in understanding morphology and the lexicon.

This book the first systematic exploration of the third person in English German and French takes a fresh look at person reference within the realm of political discourse. By focusing on the newly refined speech role of the target attention is given to the continuity between second and third grammatical persons as a system. The role played by third-person forms in creating and maintaining interpersonal relationships in discourse has been surprisingly overlooked. Until now third-person forms have overwhelmingly been considered as referring to the absent i.e. to someone outside the communication situation other than the speaker or the hearer: the “nonperson”. By broadening the scope and finally integrating the third person we come to understand The Politics of Person Reference fully and to see the strategic argumentative and dialogical nature of the act of referring to other discourse participants understood as the act of creating new referents.

The relation between pragmatic markers and the peripheries of clauses utterances and/or turns has been a topic of linguistic interest for the last few decades. Many issues continue to be debated however such as “how should the notion of periphery be defined?” “to what extent do pragmatic markers in the left versus the right periphery fulfill different functions?” and “which factors determine the order of multiple pragmatic markers in a periphery?”. This volume brings together a number of studies addressing these and other questions. It presents new data from a diverse range of languages – including less researched ones in this context like Ainu Latvian and Lithuanian – and on a variety of types of pragmatic marker – including emoji. The volume as a whole offers new insights into among other things the subjectivity intersubjectivity peripheries hypothesis the idea of left-to-right movement and the matrix clauses hypothesis.

The use of the second person singular pronoun anata ‘you’ in modern Japanese has long been regarded as mysterious and problematic generating contradictory nuances such as polite impolite intimate and distancing. Treated as a troublesome pronoun scholars have searched for a semantically loaded meaning in anata under the assumption that all Japanese personal reference terms involve social indexicality. This book takes a new approach revealing that anata is in fact semantically simple and its powerful expressivity is explained only in pragmatic terms. In doing so the study brings to bear a thorough understanding of key issues in pragmatics such as common ground sociocultural norms and shared understandings in order to fully grasp the meaning and usage of this single linguistic item. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in a range of linguistic fields such as semantics pragmatics sociolinguistics discourse analysis anthropological linguistics linguistic typology cultural linguistics as well as applied linguistics.

Control typically defined as a specific referential dependency between the null-subject of a non-finite embedded clause and a co-dependent of the matrix predicate has been subject to extensive research in the last 50 years. While there is a broad consensus that a distinction between Obligatory Control (OC) Non-Obligatory Control (NOC) and No Control (NC) is useful and necessary to cover the range of relevant empirical phenomena there is still less agreement regarding their proper analyses. In light of this ongoing discussion the articles collected in this volume provide a cross-linguistic perspective on central questions in the study of control with a focus on non-canonical control phenomena. This includes cases which show NOC or NC in complement clauses or OC in adjunct clauses cases in which the controlled subject is not in an infinitival clause or in which there is no unique controller in OC (i.e. partial control split control or other types of controllers). Based on empirical generalizations from a wide range of languages this volume provides insights into cross-linguistic variation in the interplay of different components of control such as the properties of the constituent hosting the controlled subject the syntactic and lexical properties of the matrix predicate as well as restrictions on the controller thereby furthering our empirical and theoretical understanding of control in grammar.

There is ample evidence that language users including second-language (L2) users can predict upcoming information during listening and reading. Yet it is still unclear when how and why language users engage in prediction and what the relation is between prediction and learning. This volume presents a collection of current research insights and directions regarding the role of prediction in L2 processing and learning. The contributions in this volume specifically address how different (L1-based) theoretical models of prediction apply to or may be expanded to account for L2 processing report new insights on factors (linguistic cognitive social) that modulate L2 users’ engagement in prediction and discuss the functions that prediction may or may not serve in L2 processing and learning. Taken together this volume illustrates various fruitful approaches to investigating and accounting for differences in predictive processing within and across individuals as well as across populations.

Biografies invisibles: Marginats i marginals és un volum que conté una sèrie d’estudis de casos concrets de personatges històrics desconeguts en gran mesura i que pel fet d’haver tingut unes vides al marge de la llei en moltes ocasions no són actualment coneguts. També sobre personatges literaris que encarnen aquelles opcions no majoritàries i encara reflexions més genèriques sobre aquells grups o sobre els textos que ens han transmés aquelles realitats.

Biografies invisibles: Marginats i marginals conté quasi una vintena de treballs de reconeguts especialistes de diferents universitats europees que han analitzat casos de dones marginades homosexuals i d’altres personatges marginals des de l’òptica actual. Es tracta de retornar-los la veu que un dia la societat on van viure els va negar.

Invisible Biographies: Marginates and marginals is a volume that contains a series of specific case studies of largely unknown figures from the past who because of their lives on the fringes of the law on many occasions were silenced. Also on literary characters who embody those non-majority options and in addition more generic reflections on those groups or on the texts that have transmitted to us those polyhedral realities.

Invisible Biographies: Marginates and marginals contains almost twenty works by renowned specialists from different European universities who have analysed the cases of marginalized women Jews homosexuals and other persecuted characters from a contemporary perspective. The aim is to give them back the voice that the society in which they lived once denied them.

This book examines the various patterns of nominal and pronominal address used in Jamaica and Trinidad the two most populous islands of the English-speaking Caribbean. Given that the Anglo-Caribbean context has so far been largely neglected in address research this study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the linguistic means Jamaicans and Trinidadians have at their disposal and make use of to address each other. A particular focus will be on variation in the speakers’ address behaviour with regard to their sex age social class ethnicity and regional background. The study draws both on data from a self-compiled corpus of postcolonial Jamaican and Trinidadian literary works and on questionnaire and interview data collected during fieldwork. This book contributes to the ever-growing body of research in the field of nominal and pronominal address and will be relevant to researchers interested in the fields of sociolinguistics pragmatics and World Englishes.