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This volume illustrates the high potential of learner corpus investigations for research into the CAF triad by presenting eleven original learner corpus-based studies which are set within solid theoretical frameworks examine learner corpora with state-of-the-art analytical techniques and yield highly interesting findings. The volume’s major strength lies in the range of issues it undertakes and in its interdisciplinary thematic novelty. The chapters collectively address all three dimensions of L2 performance related to different linguistic subsystems (i.e. lexical phraseological and grammatical complexity and accuracy along with fluency) as well as the interactions among these constructs. The studies are based on data drawn from carefully compiled learner corpora which are analysed with the help of diverse corpus-based methods. The theoretical discussions and the empirical results shall contribute to the advancement of the fields of SLA and writing and speech research and shall inspire further investigations in the area of the CAF triad.

Written for novice and established scholars alike Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research Methods is a stand-alone research methods guide from an Instructed Second Language Acquisition (ISLA) lens. After offering foundations of conducting ISLA research the subsequent chapters are organized by four skill areas (listening speaking reading writing) and four major linguistic features (grammar vocabulary pronunciation pragmatics). In each chapter authors define the target sub-domain of ISLA outline the basics of research design provide concrete guidance on crafting robust research questions identifying appropriate methodology and method(s) adapting an existing instrument or creating your own carrying out a study analyzing and interpreting data and determining how/where/when to share your work. The volume also dedicates chapters to addressing common inquiries of conducting ISLA research (e.g. obtaining ethics permission recruiting your own students working with small and heterogeneous sample sizes accounting for individual differences) and to maximizing research impact beyond academia. Written by leading experts on each topic this book is an essential resource for ISLA SLA and research methods scholars.

Focusing on language contact involving Russian and the linguistic varieties that emerged from that contact in different social settings this book analyzes issues and methodologies in reconstructing both the linguistic effects of language contact and the social contexts of usage. In-depth analyses of Odessan Russian a southern Russian contact variety with Yiddish and Ukrainian elements and Russian lexifier pidgins illustrate the reconstruction process which involves making the most of all available documentation particularly literature and stereotypical descriptions. Historical sociolinguistics of this kind straddles the fields of historical linguistics sociolinguistics and contact; this book brings together the methods and theories of these areas to show how they can result in a rich reconstruction of linguistic and socially-conditioned variation. We reconstruct the circumstances and social settings that produced this variation and demonstrate how to reconstruct which variants were used by different types of speakers under different circumstances and what kinds of social identities they indexed.

The Nordic countries have long been subject to certain idealised even utopian imaginaries particularly with regard to images of pristine nature and the societal ideals of democracy equality and education. On the other hand such projections inevitably invite dissent irony and intimations of the utopia’s dark underside. Things may yet take or may have already taken a dystopic course. The present volume offers twelve contributions on utopias and dystopias in Nordic literature and culture. Geographically the articles cover the Nordic countries of Denmark Finland Norway and Sweden as well as the autonomous area of Greenland. Through the articles’ varied subjects — ranging from avant-garde literature and long poems to noir TV-series young adult fiction popular historiography and political discourse in literature outside of Norden — the volume brings forth a historically rich multi-layered picture of social cultural and environmental imagination in the Nordic countries. Nordic Utopias and Dystopias is thus of interest not only to specialists in dystopian and utopian research but more broadly to scholars of literature and culture and the political and social sciences especially but not exclusively in the Nordic context.

This volume investigates iconicity as to both comprehension and production of meaning in language gesture pictures art and literature. It highlights iconic processes in meaning-making and interpretation across different semiotic systems at structurally historically and pragmatically different levels of iconicity with special focus on Cognitive Semiotics. Exploring the ubiquity of iconicity in verbal visual and gestural communication these contributions discuss it from the point of view of human meaning-making examined as a phenomenon that is experienced embodied and often polysemiotic in nature.

Konkani is a modern Indo-Aryan language and a state language of the Indian state Goa. Until recently it was considered a dialect of Marathi but it is now considered an independent language. Konkani has several varieties including the Manglore variety spoken in the south of Goa the Gawdi variety spoken by the Gawda ethnic group and the Goan (Panaji) variety. The latter is the focus of this description and is the variety used in schools media and state administration. The book provides a descriptive linguistic analysis of Konkani based on spoken and written data collected by the author during extensive fieldwork. The linguistic features of Konkani phonology morphology word-formation and syntax are described in detail and where significant compared with the Manglore and Gawdi varieties. Since Konkani is undergoing standardisation and since it has close contact with Marathi significant similarities and differences between the two languages are also discussed. Konkani has the honour of being the subject of the oldest European grammatical work on any Indian language: Thomas Stephens’ Arte da Lingoa Canarim published in 1640. This grammar is thus the most recent addition to the long tradition of Konkani grammars.

Figurativity has attracted scholars’ attention for thousands of years and yet there are still open questions concerning its nature. Figurativity and Human Ecology endorses a view of figurativity as ubiquitous in human reasoning and language and as a key example of how a human organism and its perceived or imagined environment co-function as a system. The volume sees figurativity not only as embedded in an environment but also as a way of acting within that environment. It places figurativity within an ecological context and approaches it as a phenomenon which cuts across bodily psychological linguistic social cultural and natural environments.

Figurativity and Human Ecology will appeal to those interested in the analysis of the all-encompassing creativity of the human mind and in the methodological difficulties associated with the study of cognition.

La importancia del estudio de la fraseología en general y de la paremiología en particular viene avalada tanto por el interés que han suscitado las unidades fraseológicas desde la Antigüedad como porque los investigadores del tema ponen de manifiesto que se trata de la piedra angular del lexicón y acervo cultural de toda lengua. En este marco esta monografía presenta un breve recorrido histórico de la paremiografía y paremiología en España y Francia; comprueba si existe un vacío cuantitativo y cualitativo en el tratamiento lexicográfico de las paremias en diccionarios sintagmáticos y generales tanto monolingües como bilingües; evidencia si son similares las características sintácticas de las paremias de las estructuras a/à y quien/qui en español y francés; determina si hay un tipo de variante paremiológica que predomine sobre las demás y establece los tipos de correspondencias paremiológicas existentes aplicables al ámbito traductológico.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The importance of studying phraseology in general and paremiology in particular is justified by the interest that phraseological units have aroused since ancient times but also by the fact that researchers on the subject have shown that PUs are the cornerstone of the lexicon and the cultural heritage of any language. In this context this monograph provides a brief historical overview of paremiography and paremiology in Spain and France; it determines whether there is a quantitative and qualitative gap in the lexicographical treatment of paremias in both monolingual and bilingual syntagmatic and general dictionaries; it determines whether the syntactic characteristics of the paremias of the structures a/à and quien/qui in Spanish and French are similar; it identifies whether there is one type of paremiological variant that is predominant over the others and it defines the types of existing paremiological equivalences applicable to the field of translation.

This volume brings together seven eminently original attempts to answer a sorely neglected question: What are adjectives? Although the positioning of adjectives as well as aspects of their semantics have been investigated in depth their actual status as a lexical category has generally been treated superficially in the linguistic literature.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>In this volume the different approaches to the categorial identity of adjectives put forward include their position in the inventory of lexical categories the elusive noun-adjective link the functional entourage of adjectives and their relational character the role of concord and possession – and so on. The contributors bring different viewpoints as well as a variety of language data into the discussion from Chinese to Indo-European and on to Niger-Congo languages.

This encyclopaedia of one of the major fields of language studies is a continuously updated source of state-of-the-art information for anyone interested in language use. The IPrA Handbook of Pragmatics provides easy access – for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language – to the different topics traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics broadly conceived as the cognitive social and cultural study of language and communication i.e. the science of language use.

The Handbook of Pragmatics is a unique reference work for researchers which has been expanded and updated continuously with annual installments since 1995.

Also available as Online Resource: https://benjamins.com/online/hop

Situated among fields (applied linguistics creative writing studies writing studies) this book empirically explores the language of writers in contexts of learning externalized in literary genres. At its core this book features linguistic and thematic analysis of the writing and reflections of adults who experienced what they usually described as meaningful CW in university coursework sometimes in science and research-focused courses where they might not have expected to compose a literary genre. In addition to synthesizing empirical studies that in total included more than 3500 participants chapters present new research involving about 400 more. This book is meant to be substantial in its goal of systematically organizing what is known about CW’s relationship to writers: in terms of feelings of engagement gains in content knowledge and revelations about oneself and others.

A Cognitive Perspective on Spatial Prepositions: Intertwining networks is devoted to the issue of the relation between language and thought approached from the perspective of spatial relations encoded by four equivalent spatial prepositions – English to German zu Polish do and Russian к. Regarding these prepositions as path-prepositions the authors show that the prepositional semantic structures are conceptually grounded in the PATH and the MOTION-EVENT frames and explain that prepositional senses emerge as a result of the PATH image schema transformations and metaphorical mappings related to the EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor. Based on their findings the authors show how senso-motoric functioning life experience individual knowledge imagery and different ways in which people conceptualize the world influence the relation between language and conceptualization.

This book explores an important aspect of human existence: humor in self-translation a virtually unexplored area of research in Humour Studies and Translation Studies. Of the select group of international scholars contributing to this volume some examine literary texts from different perspectives (sociological philosophical or post-colonial) while others explore texts in more extraneous fields such as standup comedy or language learning. This book sheds light on how humour in self-translation induces thoughts on social issues challenges stereotypes contributes to recast individuals in novel forms of identity and facilitates reflections on our own sense of humour. This accessible and engaging volume is of interest to advanced students of Humour Studies and Translation Studies.

Within cognitive and functional approaches to language structure and grammaticality analogy and contrast represent two fundamental human cognitive capacities which up to now have mostly been examined separately. This volume seeks to bridge that gap and in doing so it brings together cutting-edge theoretical and empirical research in the field. The chapters in this book examine analogy and contrast across a variety of languages (English Finnish Hungarian Polish Russian) for different language phenomena (constructions lexical semantics morphology sentence structure text organization) and with the use of various methods (corpus linguistics discourse analysis experimental methods qualitative analysis quantitative analysis). This state-of-the-art research presented in the book should be of interest to specialists within Cognitive Linguistics corpus linguistics construction grammar discourse analysis translation studies metaphor research and cross-cultural research.

This volume proposes a novel structural analysis for causative constructions offering a solution for the long-standing mono/bi-clausal dualism. Causatives are claimed to instantiate a ‘complex object’ construction insofar as the causee is not only the subject of the lexical verb but also a participant that is related to the whole event. Furthermore the analysis reveals that the realization of causatives implies a crucial interplay with the pseudo-relative construction a much-debated structure as well. Data from Scandinavian languages are highlighted through the results of an experimental test on the scope of negation and adverbs supporting the present analysis. The book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses the relevant constructions in languages including Italian English French Portuguese and Spanish.

Understanding vocabulary and its role in language learning is one of the central tasks of applied linguistic research. It is also an area that has seen and continues to see huge progress in terms of the complexity and diversity of work being done. While this makes for a rich and exciting research scene it can also make the task of developing vocabulary research skills a daunting one as specialist subfields develop ever more sophisticated concepts and methods. This book aims to give readers an understanding of the area that is both detailed and rounded by introducing them to understanding and doing vocabulary research from four key perspectives: corpus linguistics psycholinguistics language testing and teaching and learning. Within each area a state-of-the-art review describes fundamental concepts and commonly used methods evaluates ongoing methodological debates and points to areas for future development. It aims both to give readers a solid grounding in the specialized methods and debates associated with each area and to build connections across these specializations considering points of contact and ways in which they can work together.

Whenever we think about the world – including its concrete and abstract entities – we typically see a series of so-called mental images in front of our eyes that aid us in everyday problem solving and navigating ourselves in the world. Visual metaphors similarly to their linguistic counterparts largely build on such images.

Nevertheless the interplay of metaphorical/metonymical text and imagery is not necessarily (and not usually) straightforward and raises complex theoretical and methodological questions. The eleven chapters in this collection address a wide range of such challenges such as what are visual metaphors in the first place; how can they be identified; what is their relationship to linguistic metaphors; what are their most common manifestations; what knowledge structures are required for their interpretation; and how do they interact with metonymies. The studies cut across linguistics politics philosophy poetry art and history – highlighting the ubiquitous role that visual metaphor plays in everyday life and conceptualizations.

Originally published as special issue of Cognitive Linguistic Studies 7:1 (2020).

Syntactic priming is a naturally-occurring psycholinguistic phenomenon that has been used as an experimental manipulation to great effect: over the last 20 years syntactic priming research with children of different backgrounds has added to our understanding of the mechanisms and stages of syntactic development and priming. This collection of original articles explores the state of the art in that literature. Ten chapters review the findings of syntactic priming research with monolingual and multilingual typically-developing and atypically-developing child populations from a variety of language backgrounds. The expert authors explore what syntactic priming has revealed about children’s development of syntax and propose ways in which methodological innovations and broadening the scope of future research can build on this. The collection will be a useful resource for researchers from diverse areas of the field of child language particularly those with a focus on grammatical development.

This volume reveals new insights on the faculty of language. By proposing a new approach in the analysis and description of Italian Sign Language (LIS) that can be extended also to other sign languages this book also enlightens some aspects of spoken languages which were often overlooked in the past and only recently have been brought to the fore and described. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>First the study of face-to-face communication leads to a revision of the traditional dichotomy between linguistic and enacted to develop a new approach to embodied language (Kendon 2004). <br/>Second all structures of language take on a sociolinguistic and pragmatic meaning as proposed by cognitive semantics which considers it impossible to trace a separation between purely linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge.<br/>Finally if speech from the point of view of its materiality is variable fragile and non-segmentable (i.e. not systematically discrete) also signs are not always segmentable into discrete invariable and meaningless units. This then calls into question some of the properties traditionally associated with human languages in general notably that of ‘duality of patterning’. <br/>These are only some of the main issues you will find in this volume that has no parallel both in sign and in spoken languages linguistic research.

English Sentence Constructions departs from a usage-based theoretical perspective in which all language units -- which we refer to as constructions -- have both a meaning and form and context is all-important in determining the function and form of these constructions.

As a starting-level module English Sentence Constructions guides students of English or Language at tertiary level through different levels of analysis at the sentence clause phrase and word level.

The book starts with an explanation of different sentence types and structures (Chapters 1 and 2) zooms in on the verb phrase as the central component of any sentence (in Chapters 3 and 4) before zooming in even closer discussing word classes (Chapter 5) and phrases (Chapter 6). The next two chapters explicate the intricacies of sentence constituents that function as clauses (Chapter 7) and aid students in integrating all chapters by discussing sentence analysis at all levels (Chapter 8). The last chapter (Chapter 9) shows how knowledge about sentence constructions can be applied to effective writing in English.

English Sentence Constructions can be used in teacher-led modules but the many exercises in each chapter the clearly worked out answer keys and a comprehensive glossary of terminology also make it suitable for self-study. For each chapter there is an online test in which students can check their understanding.

The contents of the volume prove the vitality of cognitive linguistic studies of figuration when combined with new research methodologies in tandem with other disciplines and also when applied to an ever broader range of topics. Individual chapters are concerned not only with some fundamental issues of defining and delimiting metaphor and metonymy with the impact of figuration on grammatical forms but are also exemplary discussions of how figurative language is processed and understood as well as studies of practical ramifications of the use of figurative language in various types of discourse (the language of media politics and healthcare communication). Most of the volume assumes a synchronic perspective but diachronic coverage of processes is not missing either. In short the volume demonstrates how rewarding it is to return to the true origins of cognitive linguistics for new inspiration and take a fresh start promising a true cornucopia of future results.

Professor Michael H. Long (1945-2021) was one of the most influential scholars in the field of second language acquisition. This volume presents a set of chapters that honour some of his key contributions in language teaching and learning. Following a bibliometric analysis of the impact of his research to the field the volume spans topics such as task-based language teaching focus on form age effects transfer feedback interaction incidental learning stabilization among many others.

The Manual section of the Handbook of Pragmatics produced under the auspices of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) is a collection of articles describing traditions methods and notational systems relevant to the field of linguistic pragmatics; the main body of the Handbook contains all topical articles. The first edition of the Manual was published in 1995. This second edition includes a large number of new traditions and methods articles from the 24 annual installments of the Handbook that have been published so far. It also includes revised versions of some of the entries in the first edition. In addition a cumulative index provides cross-references to related topical entries in the annual installments of the Handbook and the Handbook of Pragmatics Online (at https://benjamins.com/online/hop/) which continues to be updated and expanded. This second edition of the Manual is intended to facilitate access to the most comprehensive resource available today for any scholar interested in pragmatics as defined by the International Pragmatics Association: “the science of language use in its widest interdisciplinary sense as a functional (i.e. cognitive social and cultural) perspective on language and communication.”

Linguistic construal of time lies at the center of language and language use; it is also one of the cognitive foundations of culture. The focus of the papers in this volume is on historical developments of genetically different aspect and tense systems across continents with contributions on the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea the Arandic languages of Australia Kisikongo Bantu and Japanese. In addition two prototypical Indo-European tense-aspect systems those of Vedic and Latin are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Across language groups and continents the general principles revealed by the studies presented here contribute towards a novel and deepening understanding of tense and aspect. They contribute not only to modelling and theory but also to a better understanding of processes in individual languages.

Originally published as special issue of the Journal of Historical Linguistics 10:2 (2020).

This is the first extensive study of Old English to utilise the insights and methodologies of sociolinguistics. Building on previous philological and historical work it takes into account the sociology and social dialectology of Old English and offers a description of its speech communities informed by the theory of social networks and communities of practice. Specifically this book uses data from historical narratives and legal documents and examines the interplay of linguistic innovation variation and change with such sociolinguistic parameters as region scribal office gender and social status. Special attention is given to the processes of supralocalisation and their correlation with periods of political centralisation in the history of Anglo-Saxon England.