Introduction

References

1. De Vries, Lourens
   (2012) Speaking of clans: Language in Awyu-Ndumut communities of Indonesian West Papua. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2012(214), 5–26.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Dotte, Anne-Laure
   (2013) Le iaai aujourd’hui: Évolutions sociolinguistiques et linguistiques d’une langue kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Ouvéa, Îles Loyauté) [Laai Today: Internal and external change in an indigenous language of New Caledonia (Ouvea, Loyalty Islands)]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Université Lumière-Lyon 2.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Evans, Ncholas
   (2017) Did language evolve in multilingual settings?Biology and Philosophy, 32(6), 905–933. 10.1007/s10539‑018‑9609‑3
   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-018-9609-3 [Google Scholar]
4. Evans, Nicholas , Arka, Wayan I. , Carroll, Matthew J. , Choi, Yun Jung , Döhler, Christian , Gast, Volker , Kashima, Eri , Mittag, Emile , Olsson, Bruno , Quinn, Kyla , Schokkin, Dineke , Tama, Phillip , van Tongeren, Charlotte , & Siegel, Jeff
   (2018) The languages of Southern New Guinea. In Bill Palmer (Ed.), The languages and linguistics of New Guinea: A comprehensive guide (pp.640–774). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Hammarström, Harald
   (2010) Status of least documented language families. Language Documentation and Conservation, 4, 177–212.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Hoenigman, Darja
   (2012) A battle of languages: Spirit possession and changing linguistic ideologies in a Sepik society, Papua New Guinea. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 23(3), 290–317. doi:  10.1111/taja.12002
   https://doi.org/10.1111/taja.12002 [Google Scholar]
7. Klöwer, Milan , Hopkins, Debbie , Allen, Myles , & Higham, James
   (2020, July16). An analysis of ways to decarbonize conference travel after COVID-19. Nature, 583(7816), 356–359. doi:  10.1038/d41586‑020‑02057‑2
   https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02057-2 [Google Scholar]
8. Lindsey, Kate
   (in press). Pahoturi River phonemics: A comparative illustration. Language Documentation and Conservation Special Publication.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Labov, William
   (2015) The discovery of the unexpected. Asia-Pacific Language Variation, 1(1), 7–22. 10.1075/aplv.1.1.01lab
   https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.1.1.01lab [Google Scholar]
10. List, Johann-Mattis , Walworth, Mary , Greenhill, Simon J. , Tresoldi, Tiago , & Forkel, Robert
    (2018) Sequence comparison in historical linguistics. Journal of Language Evolution, 3(2), 130–144. 10.1093/jole/lzy006
    https://doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzy006 [Google Scholar]
11. Mansfield, John B.
    (2015) Consonant lenition as a sociophonetic variable in Murrinh Patha (Australia). Language Variation and Change, 27(2), 203–225. 10.1017/S0954394515000046
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394515000046 [Google Scholar]
12. Mansfield, John B. , & Stanford, James N.
    (2017) Documenting sociolinguistic variation in lesser-studied indigenous communities: Challenges and practical solutions. Language Documentation and Conservation, 13, 116–136.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Meakins, Felicity
    (2011) Case-marking in contact: The development and function of case morphology in Gurindji Kriol. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cll.39
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.39 [Google Scholar]
14. Meakins, Felicity , Hua, Xia , Algy, Cassandra , & Bromham, Lindell
    (2019) The birth of a new languages does not favour simplification. Language, 95(2), 294–332. 10.1353/lan.2019.0032
    https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2019.0032 [Google Scholar]
15. Meyerhoff, Miriam
    (2017) Writing a linguistic symphony: Analyzing variation while doing language documentation. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, 62(4), 525–549. 10.1017/cnj.2017.28
    https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.28 [Google Scholar]
16. Meyerhoff, Miriam , & Stanford, James N.
    (2015) “Tings change, all tings change”: The changing face of sociolinguistics with a global perspective. In Dick Smakman & Patrick Heinrich (Eds.), Globalising sociolinguistics (pp.1–15). New York, NY: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Nettle, Daniel
    (1999) Linguistic diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
18. O’Shannessy, Carmel
    (2013) The role of multiple sources in the formation of an innovative auxiliary category in Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language. Language, 89(2), 328–353. 10.1353/lan.2013.0025
    https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2013.0025 [Google Scholar]
19. Palmer, Bill
    (2018) Language families of the New Guinea Area. In Bill Palmer (Ed.), The languages and linguistics of New Guinea: A comprehensive guide (pp.1–20). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110295252
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110295252 [Google Scholar]
20. Posth, Cosimo , Nägele, Kathrin , Colleran, Heidi , Valentin, Frédérique , Bedford, Stuart , Kami, Kaitip W. , Shing, Richard , Buckley, Hallie , Kinaston, Rebecca , Walworth, Mary , Clark, Geoffrey R. , Reepmeyer, Christian , Flexner, James , Maric, Tamara , Moser, Johannes , Gresky, Julia , Kiko, Lawrence , Robson, Kathryn J. , Auckland, Kathryn ,… Powell, Adam
    (2018) Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2, 731–740. doi:  10.1038/s41559‑018‑0498‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0498-2 [Google Scholar]
21. Ross, Malcolm
    (2007) Calquing and metatypy. Journal of Language Contact, 1(1), 116–143. 10.1163/000000007792548341
    https://doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548341 [Google Scholar]
22. Schreier, Daniel
    (2019) /h/ insertion as a ‘camouflage archaism’? Dialect contact, colonial lag and the feature pool in South Atlantic English. Diachronica, 36(1), 37–65. 10.1075/dia.17030.sch
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.17030.sch [Google Scholar]
23. Stasch, Rupert
    (2007) Demon language. The otherness of Indonesian in a Papuan community. In Miki Makihara & Bambi B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Consequences of contact: Language ideology and sociocultural transformations in Pacific societies (pp.96–124). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324983.003.0005
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324983.003.0005 [Google Scholar]
24. Stasch, Rupert
    (2009) Society of others: Kinship and mourning in a West Papuan Place. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520943322
    https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520943322 [Google Scholar]
25. Strong, Kate A. , Lindsey, Kate , & Drager, Katie
    (2019, October10–12). Linking power and prestige: Gender, oration, and variable affrication in Ende. Paper presented atNews Ways of Analyzing Variation 48, Eugene, OR, United States.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Tamminga, Meredith
    (2016) Persistence in phonological and morphological variation. Language Variation and Change, 28(3), 335–356. 10.1017/S0954394516000119
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394516000119 [Google Scholar]
27. Vaughan, Jill , & Singer, Ruth
    (2018) Indigenous multilingualisms past and present. Language and Communication, 62, 83–90. 10.1016/j.langcom.2018.06.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.06.003 [Google Scholar]
28. Walworth, Mary
    (2014) Eastern Polynesian: The linguistic evidence revisited. Oceanic Linguistics, 53(2), 256–272. 10.1353/ol.2014.0021
    https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2014.0021 [Google Scholar]
29. Weinreich, Uriel
    (1963) Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton.
    [Google Scholar]