Insights from the Heritage Language Variation and Change in Toronto Project (HLVC)

References

1. Cedergren, Henrietta C. J.
   (1973) The interplay of social and linguistic factors in Panama [Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University].
2. Cheng, Andrew, Cheng, Lauretta, Gonzales, Wilkinson D. W., & Umbal, Pocholo
   (2024) Variation in Asian and Pacific Islander North American English: What the patterns of scholarship demonstrate about race in sociolinguistics. Asia-Pacific Language Variation, (), –. 10.1075/aplv.23009.che
   https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.23009.che [Google Scholar]
3. Cummins, Jim
   (2005) A proposal for action: Strategies for recognizing Heritage Language competence as a learning resource within the mainstream classroom. Modern Language Journal, (), –.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Grenoble, Lenore A.
   (2010) Language documentation and field linguistics: The state of the field. InLenore A. Grenoble & N. Louanna Furbee (Eds.), Language documentation: Practice and values (pp.–). John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/z.158.28gre
   https://doi.org/10.1075/z.158.28gre [Google Scholar]
5. Guy, Gregory
   (2015) Are there universal constraints on sociolinguistic variation? [Workshop]. Towards cross-cultural sociolinguistics workshop, University of Cologne.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Harrison, Brian
   (2000) Passing on the language: Heritage language diversity in Canada. Canadian Social Trends, , –. www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-008-x/2000002/article/5165-eng.pdf
   [Google Scholar]
7. Hoffman, Michol F., & Walker, James A.
   (2010) Ethnolects and the city: Ethnic orientation and linguistic variation in Toronto English. Language Variation and Change, (), –. 10.1017/S0954394509990238
   https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394509990238 [Google Scholar]
8. Labov, William
   (1969) Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the English copula. Language, (), –. 10.2307/412333
   https://doi.org/10.2307/412333 [Google Scholar]
9. Lubliner, Coby
   (2006) Adventures in glossonymy. University of California, Berkeley. faculty.ce.berkeley.edu/coby/essays/gloss.htm
   [Google Scholar]
10. Nagy, Naomi
    (2015) A sociolinguistic view of null subjects and VOT in Toronto heritage languages. Lingua, , –. 10.1016/j.lingua.2014.04.012
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2014.04.012 [Google Scholar]
11. Nagy, Naomi
    (2016) Heritage languages as new dialects. InMarie-Hélène Côté, Remco Knooihuizen, & John Nerbonne (Eds.), The future of dialects: Selected papers from Methods in Dialectology XV (pp.–). Language Science Press. 10.17169/langsci.b81.81
    https://doi.org/10.17169/langsci.b81.81 [Google Scholar]
12. Nagy, Naomi
    (2024) Heritage Languages: Extending variationist approaches. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108983624
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108983624 [Google Scholar]
13. Nagy, Naomi, Celata, Chiara, Vallicelli, Costanza, & Frontera, Manuela
    (2025) New approaches to old sounds: Variation in Heritage Italian aspiration. InProceedings of the 11th International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second Language Speech. University of Toronto. https://newsounds2025.artsci.utoronto.ca/
    [Google Scholar]
14. Nagy, Naomi, & Gadanidis, Timothy
    (2022) Looking for covariation in Heritage Italian in Toronto. InGregory Guy (Ed.), The coherence of linguistic communities: Orderly heterogeneity and social meaning (pp.–). Routledge. 10.4324/9781003134558‑9
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003134558-9 [Google Scholar]
15. Nagy, Naomi, & Meyerhoff, Miriam
    (2008) The social life of sociolinguistics. InMiriam Meyerhoff & Naomi Nagy (Eds.), Social lives in language: Sociolinguistics and multilingual speech communities (pp.–). John Benjamins. 10.1075/impact.24.02nag
    https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.24.02nag [Google Scholar]
16. Poplack, Shana
    (1990) Prescription, intuition et usage: Le subjonctif français et la variabilité inhérente. Langage et société, , –. 10.3406/lsoc.1990.2499
    https://doi.org/10.3406/lsoc.1990.2499 [Google Scholar]
17. Poplack, Shana, & Levey, Stephen
    (2010) Contact-induced grammatical change. InPeter Auer & Jürgen E. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and space: An international handbook of linguistic variation (pp.–). Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Poplack, Shana, Zentz, Lauren, & Dion, Nathalie
    (2012) Phrase-final prepositions in Quebec French: An empirical study of contact, code-switching and resistance to convergence. Bilingualism: Language & Cognition, (), –. 10.1017/S1366728911000204
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728911000204 [Google Scholar]
19. Sankoff, Gillian
    (1980) The social life of language. University of Pennsylvania Press. 10.9783/9781512809589
    https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512809589 [Google Scholar]
20. Smith, James
    (2013) Sociophonetic variation of word-final stop voicing in Toronto English [Generals paper]. University of Toronto. https://www.academia.edu/4225194/Sociophonetic_Variation_of_Word_Final_Stop_Voicing_in_Toronto_English
    [Google Scholar]
21. Stanford, James N., & Preston, Dennis R.
    (2007) The lure of a distant horizon: Variation in indigenous minority languages. InJames N. Stanford & Dennis R. Preston (Eds.), Variation in indigenous minority languages (pp.–). John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Statistics Canada
    Statistics Canada (2022) Mother tongue (217), ethnic origin (279), and place of birth (272) for the population in private households of census metropolitan areas in Canada, 2016 census — 25% Sample Data (Custom tabulation; releasedOct 17, 2022).
    [Google Scholar]
23. Umbal, Pocholo, & Nagy, Naomi
    (2021) Heritage Tagalog phonology and a variationist framework of language contact. Languages, (), . 10.3390/languages6040201
    https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6040201 [Google Scholar]
24. Woo, Joyce, Gadanidis, Timothy, & Nagy, Naomi
    (in press). Covariation in Heritage Cantonese in Toronto. InRafael Orozco, Michol F. Hoffman, & Ronald Beline Mendes Eds. Trends in language variation and change in English, Portuguese and Spanish.
    [Google Scholar]