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This paper examines the development of comparisons and contrasts in young L1 children and in L2 adults. It explores the similarities and differences in categories, lexicogrammatical realizations and functions. It was found that similarities existed in extent and effect, in categories and some realizations, and in some minor functions Against these similarities, differences were found in order of development of the categories, in importance of categories, in one category, in realizations and in major functions. The paper concludes with an investigation of implications for (i) teaching; and (ii) the L1-L2 “similarity/difference?” debate.