The discursive (mis)representation of English language proficiency

References

1. Abelmann, N., & Kang, J.
   (2013) A Fraught Exchange? U.S. media on Chinese international undergraduates and the American university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 18(4), 382–397. doi:  10.1177/1028315313479852
   https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315313479852 [Google Scholar]
2. Arkoudis, S., Baik, C., & Richardson, S.
   (2012) English language standards in higher education: From entry to exit. Camberwell: ACER Press.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Arkoudis, S., Dollinger, M., Baik, C., & Patience, A.
   (2019) International students’ experience in Australian higher education: Can we do better?Higher Education, 77, 799–813. doi:  10.1007/s10734‑018‑0302‑x
   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0302-x [Google Scholar]
4. Arkoudis, S., & Kelly, P.
   (2016) Shifting the narrative: International students and communication skills in higher education. Research Digest, 8. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/664
   [Google Scholar]
5. Australian Government DET
   Australian Government DET (2017) International student enrolment data 2017. Retrieved fromhttps://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Documents/INTERNATIONAL/STUDENT/DATA/2017/2017Dec_0712.pdf
   [Google Scholar]
6. Australian Government DET
   Australian Government DET (2018a) 2018 First half year student summary tables. Retrieved fromhttps://docs.education.gov.au/node/51961
   [Google Scholar]
7. Australian Government DET
   Australian Government DET (2018b) International student data. Retrieved fromhttps://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Pages/InternationalStudentData2018.aspx
   [Google Scholar]
8. Australian Government DET
   Australian Government DET (2018c) Research snapshot: Export income to Australia from international education activity in 2017. Retrieved fromhttps://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/Research-Snapshots/Documents/Export%20Income%20CY%202017.pdf
   [Google Scholar]
9. Australian Government DET
   Australian Government DET (2018d) Where do international students come from and what do they study?Retrieved fromhttps://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/DataVisualisations/Pages/nationalitySummary.aspx
   [Google Scholar]
10. Australian Universities Quality Agency
    Australian Universities Quality Agency (2012) English language standards for higher education. Retrieved fromwww.aall.org.au/sites/default/files/FinalEnglishLanguageStandardsMay2012_0.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
11. Baird, B.
    (2010) Stronger, simpler, smarter ESOS: Supporting international students. Review of the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) Act 2000. Canberra: Australian Government.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bednarek, M., & Caple, H.
    (2012) News discourse. London: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Benson, J.
    (2006) Commodification of Asian international students in radio media discourse. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 8(1), 96–109.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Benzie, H. J.
    (2010) Graduating as a ‘native speaker’: International students and English language proficiency in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 29(4), 447–459. doi:  10.1080/07294361003598824
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07294361003598824 [Google Scholar]
15. Besser, L.
    [lb-online] (2015, April20). Tonight’s #4corners is not about foreign students being worse or better than others. It’s about universities and falling standards [Twit]. Retrieved fromhttps://twitter.com/lb_online/status/590101731024834560
16. Birrell, B.
    (2006) Implications of low English standards among overseas students at Australian universities. People and Place, 14(4), 53–64.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Birrell, B., Hawthorne, L., & Richardson, S.
    (2006) Evaluation of the general skilled migration categories. Canberra ACT Australia: Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, Australian Governement.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Blommaert, J.
    (2005) Discourse: A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511610295
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610295 [Google Scholar]
19. Bourdieu, P.
    (1977) The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social Science Information, 16(6), 645–668. 10.1177/053901847701600601
    https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847701600601 [Google Scholar]
20. Breazu, P., & Machin, D.
    (2018) A critical multimodal analysis of the Romanian press coverage of camp evictions and deportations of the Roma migrants from France. Discourse & Communication, 12(4), 339–356. doi:  10.1177/1750481318757774
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481318757774 [Google Scholar]
21. Bretag, T.
    (2007) The emperor’s new clothes: Yes, there is a link between English language competence and academic standards. People and Place, 15(1), 13–21.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Brooks, R.
    (2018) The construction of higher education students in English policy documents. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 39(6), 745–761. doi:  10.1080/01425692.2017.1406339
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2017.1406339 [Google Scholar]
23. Chang, G. C.
    (2015) Language learning, academic achievement and overseas experience: A sociolinguistic study of Taiwanese students in Australian higher education. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Craven, E.
    (2012) The quest for IELTS band 7.0: Investigating English language proficinecy of international students in Australian universities. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ielts.org/teaching-and-research/research-reports/volume-13-report-2
    [Google Scholar]
25. Cummins, J.
    (2000) Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England, Buffalo, N.Y.: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781853596773
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853596773 [Google Scholar]
26. Devos, A.
    (2003) Academic standards, internationalisation, and the discursive construction of “the international student”. Higher Education Research & Development, 22(2), 155–166. doi:  10.1080/07294360304107
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360304107 [Google Scholar]
27. Dovchin, S.
    (2019a) Language crossing and linguistic racism: Mongolian immigrant women in Australia. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 14(4), 334–351. doi:  10.1080/17447143.2019.1566345
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2019.1566345 [Google Scholar]
28. Dovchin, S.
    (2019b) The politics of injustice in translingualism: Linguistic discrimination. InT. A. Barrett & S. Dovchin (Eds.), Critical inquiries in the sociolinguistics of globalization (pp.84–102). Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781788922852‑008
    https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788922852-008 [Google Scholar]
29. Fairclough, N.
    (1993) Critical discourse analysis and the marketization of public discourse: the universities. Discourse & Society, 4(2), 133–168. doi:  10.1177/0957926593004002002
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926593004002002 [Google Scholar]
30. Fairclough, N.
    (2001) Language and power (2nd ed.). Harlow: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R.
    (1997) Critical discourse analysis. InT. A. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp.258–284). London: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Halliday, M. A. K.
    (2004) An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed., revised byChristian M. I. M. Matthiessen). London, New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Haugh, M.
    (2015) International students and the ‘English problem’ in Australian universities: A discursive perspective. InA. Ata (Ed.), International education and cultural-linguistic experiences of international students in Australia (pp.91–104). Samford Valley, Queensland: Australian Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Walter, J. N.
    (2007) Listeners’ cognitive and affective reactions to English speakers with Standard American English and Asian accents. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 104(1), 307–326. doi:  10.2466/pms.104.1.307‑326
    https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.1.307-326 [Google Scholar]
35. Humphreys, P.
    (2015) English language proficiency in higher education: Student conceptualisations and outcomes. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation.) Griffith University, Australia.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Humphreys, P.
    (2017) EMI in Anglophone nations: Contradiction in terms or cause for consideration?InB. Fenton-Smith, P. Humphreys, & I. Walkinshaw (Eds.), English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific: From policy to pedagogy (pp.93–114). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑51976‑0_6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51976-0_6 [Google Scholar]
37. IELTS
    IELTS (2018) Setting IELTS entry scores. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ielts.org/ielts-for-organisations/setting-ielts-entry-scores
38. Kelly-Holmes, H., & Milani, T. M.
    (2013) Introduction: Thematising multilingualism in the media. InH. Kelly-Holmes & T. M. Milani (Eds.), Thematising multilingulism in the media (pp.1–22). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 10.1075/bct.49.01kel
    https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.49.01kel [Google Scholar]
39. Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T.
    (2006) Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203619728
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203619728 [Google Scholar]
40. Krippendorff, K.
    (2013) Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, London: SAGE.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Lee, J., & Rice, C.
    (2007) Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 53(3), 381–409. doi:  10.1007/s10734‑005‑4508‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-4508-3 [Google Scholar]
42. Lee, J. W.
    (2018) The politics of translingualism: After Englishes. New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Machin, D.
    (2007) Introduction to multimodal analysis. London: Hodder Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Machin, D.
    (2013) What is multimodal critical discourse studies?Critical Discourse Studies, 10(4), 347–355. doi:  10.1080/17405904.2013.813770
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2013.813770 [Google Scholar]
45. Machin, D., & Mayr, A.
    (2012) How to do critical discourse analysis: A multimodal introduction. Los Angeles: SAGE.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Marangell, S., Arkoudis, S., & Baik, C.
    (2018) Developing a host culture for international students: What does it take?Journal of International Students, 8(3), 1440–1458. 10.32674/jis.v8i3.65
    https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i3.65 [Google Scholar]
47. Müller, A.
    (2015) The differences in error rate and type between IELTS writing bands and their impact on academic workload. Higher Education Research and Development, 34(6), 1207–1219. doi:  10.1080/07294360.2015.1024627
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2015.1024627 [Google Scholar]
48. Murray, N.
    (2010) Considerations in the post-enrolment assessment of English language proficiency: Reflections from the Australian context. Language Assessment Quarterly, 7(4), 343–358. doi:  10.1080/15434303.2010.484516
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2010.484516 [Google Scholar]
49. Musgrave, S., & Bradshaw, J.
    (2014) Language and social inclusion: Unexplored aspects of intercultural communication. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 37(3), 198–212. doi:  10.1075/aral.37.3.01mus
    https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.3.01mus [Google Scholar]
50. Nakane, I.
    (2006) Silence and politeness in intercultural communication in university seminars. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(11), 1811–1835. doi:  10.1016/j.pragma.2006.01.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.01.005 [Google Scholar]
51. O’Loughlin, K., & Arkoudis, S.
    (2009) Investigating IELTS exit score gains in higher education. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ielts.org/teaching-and-research/research-reports/volume-10-report-3
    [Google Scholar]
52. Paltridge, T., Mayson, S., & Schapper, J.
    (2014) Welcome and exclusion: An analysis of The Australian newspaper’s coverage of international students. Higher Education, 68(1), 103–116. doi:  10.1007/s10734‑013‑9689‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9689-6 [Google Scholar]
53. Piller, I.
    (2016) Linguistic diversity and social justice: An introduction to applied sociolinguistics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937240.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937240.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
54. Piller, I., & Takahashi, K.
    (2011) Language, migration and human rights. InR. Wodak, B. Johnstone, & P. Kerswill (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sociolinguistics (pp.583–597). Los Angeles: Sage. 10.4135/9781446200957.n39
    https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446200957.n39 [Google Scholar]
55. Rhee, J.-E., & Sagaria, M. A. D.
    (2004) International students: Constructions of imperialism in the “Chronicle of Higher Education”. Review of Higher Education, 28(1), 77–96. doi:  10.1353/rhe.2004.0031
    https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2004.0031 [Google Scholar]
56. Teo, I., & Arkoudis, S.
    (2019) Transitioning from a foundation studies program to university: A study of mainland Chinese students. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(4), 1–14. doi:  10.1080/07294360.2019.1576592
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1576592 [Google Scholar]
57. Terraschke, A., & Wahid, R.
    (2011) The impact of EAP study on the academic experiences of international postgraduate students in Australia. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(3), 173–182. doi:  10.1016/j.jeap.2011.05.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2011.05.003 [Google Scholar]
58. Trice, A. G.
    (2007) Faculty perspectives regarding graduate international students’ isolation from host national students. International Education Journal, 8(1), 108–117.
    [Google Scholar]
59. UTS
    UTS (2019) English language requirements. Retrieved fromhttps://www.uts.edu.au/future-students/international/study-abroad-and-exchange-students/entry-requirements-and-costs
    [Google Scholar]
60. van Dijk, T. A.
    (1994) Critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 5(4), 435–436. doi:  10.1177/0957926594005004001
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926594005004001 [Google Scholar]
61. van Leeuwen, T.
    (1996) The representation of social actors. InC. R. Caldas-Coulthard & M. Couthard (Eds.), Texts and practices: Readings in critical discourse analysis. London, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
62. van Leeuwen, T., & Wodak, R.
    (1999) Legitimizing immigration control: A discourse-historical analysis. Discourse Studies, 1(1), 83–118. doi:  10.1177/1461445699001001005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445699001001005 [Google Scholar]
63. Williamson, F.
    (2012) Generation 1.5: The LBOTE blind spot. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 6(2), 1–13.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Wodak, R., & Meyer, M.
    (2009) Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. InR. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analaysis (pp.1–33). London: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Worthington, E.
    (Producer) (2019) Cash cows. Four Corners. Retrieved fromhttps://www.abc.net.au/4corners/cash-cows/11084862
    [Google Scholar]
66. Yan, L., & Pei, S.
    (2018) “Home Away from Home”? How international students handle difficult and negative experiences in American higher education. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 453–472. 10.32674/jis.v8i1.174
    https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i1.174 [Google Scholar]
67. Yates, L., & Nguyen, T. Q. T.
    (2012) Beyond a discourse of deficit: The meaning of silence in the international classroom. The International Education Journal: Comparative Prespectives, 11(1), 22–34.
    [Google Scholar]