Four adults’ approaches to the learning of Chinese

References

1. ACTFL
   ACTFL (1987) Chinese proficiency guidelines. Foreign Language Annals20: 471–87 doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1987.tb03269.x
   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1987.tb03269.x [Google Scholar]
2. Bell, J. S.
   (1991) Becoming aware of literacy. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Toronto.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bell, J. S.
   (1995) The relationship between L1 and L2 literacy: Some complicating factors. TESOL Quarterly, 29: 687–704. doi: 10.2307/3588170
   https://doi.org/10.2307/3588170 [Google Scholar]
4. Block, E.
   (1986) The comprehension strategies of second language readers. TESOL Quarterly20:464–494. doi: 10.2307/3586295
   https://doi.org/10.2307/3586295 [Google Scholar]
5. Breen, M. P.
   (1985) The social context for language learning-A neglected situation? Studies in Second Language Acquisition7:135–158. doi: 10.1017/S0272263100005337
   https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100005337 [Google Scholar]
6. Chamot, A. U. and M. O’Malley .
   (1994) Language learner and learning strategies. In N. Ellis (ed). Implicit and explicit learning of languages. London, Academic Press.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Chamot, A. U. and J. Rubin .
   (1994) Comments on Janie Rees-Miller’s “A critical appraisal of learner training: Theoretical bases and teaching implications”. Two readers react. TESOL Quarterly28:771–6. doi: 10.2307/3587559
   https://doi.org/10.2307/3587559 [Google Scholar]
8. Chappell, E. R.
   (1990) Teaching the reading and writing of Chinese and Japanese in Australia with IBM compatible computers. Babel25:11–14.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Chappell, E.R. and Yates, J. J.
   (1989) JIEJING: The character language wordprocessor. Mermaid Beach, Australia, JIEJING.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Chen, S. L.
    (1984/1986) An analysis of ill-formed sentences in Chinese by second language learners. Language learning and communication/ Zhongying yuwen jiaoxue3:257–271. (In Chinese). (FromLinguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, 1986, 20, Abstract No. 8604091).
    [Google Scholar]
11. Crook, B.
    (1992) How do L2 adult students learn characters? Unpublished research report, Graduate Diploma of Applied Linguistics (Chinese), Griffith University.
    [Google Scholar]
12. de Courcy, M. C.
    (1995a) An exploration of learning processes in French and Chinese immersion programs. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Griffith University.
    [Google Scholar]
13. de Courcy, M. C.
    (1995b) The Chinese puzzle: Learning experiences of a class of adult beginners. Babel30,1:32–37.
    [Google Scholar]
14. de Courcy, M. C.
    (in press) Teaching and learning with different scriptsLanguage and Education12,2.
    [Google Scholar]
15. de Courcy, M. C. and G. Birch .
    (1993) Reading and writing strategies used by students in a Japanese immersion program. Project report, Griffith University, Faculty of Education. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No ED 388 097.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Everson, M. E.
    (1988) Speed and comprehension in reading Chinese: Romanization vs. characters revisited. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 22,2:1–15.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Everson, M. E.
    (1994) Toward a process view of teaching reading in the second language Chinese curriculum. Theory into Practice33:4–9. doi: 10.1080/00405849409543608
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849409543608 [Google Scholar]
18. Fröhlich, M.
    (1976) Case studies of second language learning. Master of Arts thesis, University of Toronto. [ERIC Document Reproduction Service. ED 201 182.]
    [Google Scholar]
19. Hayes, E. B.
    (1987) The relationship between Chinese character complexity and character recognition. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 22,2:45–57.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Hayes, E. B.
    (1988) Encoding strategies used by native and non-native readers of Chinese Mandarin. The Modern Language Journal72:188–195. doi: 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.1988.tb04181.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1988.tb04181.x [Google Scholar]
21. Ingram, D. E. , E. Wylie and Huang Xizhe .
    (1993) An employment-oriented proficiency scale and related test instruments for adolescent and adult learners of Chinese as a second language. Report to theDepartment of Employment, Education and Training. Manuscript.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Kletzien, S.B.
    (1991) Strategy use by good and poor comprehenders reading expository text of different levels. Reading Research Quarterly26:67–86. doi: 10.2307/747732
    https://doi.org/10.2307/747732 [Google Scholar]
23. Lin, W. C. J.
    (1985/1987) Teaching Mandarin tones to adult English speakers: Analysis of difficulties with suggested remedies. RELC Journal16,2:31–47. doi: 10.1177/003368828501600207
    https://doi.org/10.1177/003368828501600207 [Google Scholar]
24. Lincoln, Y. S. and E. G. Guba .
    (1985) Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Lindquist, C.
    (1991) China: empire of the written symbol. ( M. Loewe , Trans.). London, Harvill. (Original work published 1989).
    [Google Scholar]
26. Lowe, T.
    (1987) An experiment in role reversal: Teachers as language learners. ELT Journal41,2:89–96. doi: 10.1093/elt/41.2.89
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/41.2.89 [Google Scholar]
27. Lunt, H.
    (in progress). Exploration of the use of the SILL with ESL students in Australia. Doctor of Philosophy research.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Naiman, N. , M. Fröhlich , H. H. Stern , and A. Todesco .
    (1978) The sood language learner: Toronto, OISE Press.
    [Google Scholar]
29. O’Malley, M. J. , A. U. Chamot , G. Stewner-Manzanares , L. Küpper , and R. P. Russo .
    (1985a) Learning strategy applications with students of English as a second language. TESOL Quarterly19:557–584. doi: 10.2307/3586278
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3586278 [Google Scholar]
30. O’Malley, M. J. , A. U. Chamot , G. Stewner-Manzanares , L. Küpper , and R. P. Russo .
    (1985b) Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language Learning35:21–46. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑1770.1985.tb01013.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1985.tb01013.x [Google Scholar]
31. Oxford, R.
    (1989) The role of styles and strategies in second language learning. [ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED 317 087.]
    [Google Scholar]
32. Oxford, R.
    (1993) Research on second language learning strategies. Applied Linguistics13:175–187.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Pennycook, A.
    (1995) personal communication, September.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Rees-Miller, J.
    (1993) A critical appraisal of learner training: Theoretical bases and teaching implications. TESOL Quarterly27:679–689. doi: 10.2307/3587401
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3587401 [Google Scholar]
35. Rees-Miller, J.
    (1994) Comments on Janie Rees-Miller’s “A critical appraisal of learner training: Theoretical bases and teaching implications”. The author responds. TESOL Quarterly28:776–781. doi: 10.2307/3587560
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3587560 [Google Scholar]
36. Rubin, J.
    (1975) What the good language learner can teach us. TESOL Quarterly9:41–51. doi: 10.2307/3586011
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011 [Google Scholar]
37. Spradley, J. P.
    (1979) The ethnographic interview. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Tardif, C.
    (1994) Classroom teacher talk in early French immersion. Canadian Modern Language Review50:466–481.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Tzeng, O. and D. Hung .
    (1980) Reading in a non-alphabetic writing system. In J. F. Kavanagh and R. L. Venezky (eds), Orthography, reading and dislexia. Baltimore, MD, University Park Press.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Tzeng, O. J. L. and W. S.-Y. Wang .
    (1983) The first two R’s. American Scientist71:238–243.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Wenden, A.
    (1986) What do learners know about their language learning? Applied Linguistics86–205.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Yu, S.
    (1986) Word order and topic prominence in the interlanguage of an Australian learner of Chinese. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. Series S, No.3: 83–91.
    [Google Scholar]