1887
Volume 34, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0929-7332
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9919

Abstract

The Austronesian languages of Flores-Lembata in eastern Indonesia show all three stages of a Jespersen Cycle: some have a negator in pre-predicate position, others in clause-final position, and yet others have embracing double negation. In this article the various negation patterns in the Flores-Lembata languages are described using a sample of nine closely related languages of the region. It examines not only the negative constructions but also the etymology of the negators used, showing historical connections between some of the languages, as well as independent developments in others. On the basis of cross-linguistic evidence, and taking into account the non-Austronesian (Papuan) structures found in these Flores-Lembata languages, it is argued that the clause-final negation in several of these languages was caused by contact with speakers of Papuan languages during an earlier stage.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/avt.34.04fri
2017-11-23
2024-12-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/avt.34.04fri.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/avt.34.04fri&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Antonius, P. , and A. G. Ruskhan
    1997Struktur bahasa Ngadha dialek Rongga. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arndt, Paul
    1931Grammatik der Sika-Sprache. Ende: Arnoldus.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. 1937Grammatik der Solor-Sprache. Ende: Arnoldus.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Blust, Robert , and Stephen Trussel
    2010a *salaq ‘wrong; miss (a target); mistake’. www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_s1.htm?zoom_highlight=wrong (accessed on10-03-2017).
  5. 2010b *ta ‘negative marker: no, not’. www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_t.htm#30486 (accessed on15-11-2016).
  6. Croft, William
    1991 The Evolution of Negation. Journal of Linguistics27:1–27. doi: 10.1017/S0022226700012391
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700012391 [Google Scholar]
  7. Ewing, Michael C. , and Margaretha Anna Flora Klamer
    ed. 2010East Nusantara: Typological and areal analyses. Number 618 in Pacific linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics Australian National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fricke, Hanna
    2014Topics in the grammar of Hewa: A variety of Sika in Eastern Flores, Indonesia. Munich: Lincom Europe.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. 2016 Corpus of Central Lembata Lamaholot. Leiden University.
  10. . forthcoming. Nouns and pronouns in Central Lembata. Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. van Gelderen, Elly
    2008 Negative cycles. Linguistic Typology12:195–243. doi: 10.1515/LITY.2008.037
    https://doi.org/10.1515/LITY.2008.037 [Google Scholar]
  12. Grangé, Philippe
    2015 The Lamaholot dialect chain (East Flores, Indonesia). InLanguage Change in Austronesian Languages: Papers from 12-ICAL, ed. Malcolm Ross and I Wayan Arka , 35–50. College of Asia and Pacific. The Australian National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Heine, Bernd , and Tania Kuteva
    2003 On contact-induced grammaticalization. Studies in Language27:529–572. doi: 10.1075/sl.27.3.04hei
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.27.3.04hei [Google Scholar]
  14. 2005Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511614132
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614132 [Google Scholar]
  15. Holton, Gary
    2014 Western Pantar. InThe Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar, ed. Antoinette Schapper , volume1, 23–95. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Jonker, J. C. G.
    1908Rottineesch-Hollandsch woordenboek. Leiden: Brill.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Keraf, Gregorius
    1978 Morfologi Dialek Lamalera. Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
  18. Klamer, Marian
    2004 East Nusantara: Genetic, Areal, and Typological Approaches. Oceanic Linguistics43:240–244. doi: 10.1353/ol.2004.0013
    https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2004.0013 [Google Scholar]
  19. Klamer, Marian 2011A short grammar of Alorese (Austronesian). Munich: Lincom Europe.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. 2012 Papuan-Austronesian language contact: Alorese from an areal perspective. InMelanesian languages on the Edge of Asia: Challenges for the 21th Century, ed. Marian Klamer and Nicholas Evans . Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. ed. 2014The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. Berlin: Language Science Press. doi: 10.26530/OAPEN_533875
    https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_533875 [Google Scholar]
  22. Klamer, Marian , and Gereon Kaiping
    2017 LexiRumah: Lexicon of languages of the Lesser Sunda Islands. www.model-ling.eu/lexirumah (accessed on23-3-2017).
  23. Klamer, Marian , Ger Reesink , and Miriam van Staden
    2008 East Nusantara as a linguistic area. InFrom linguistic areas to areal linguistics, ed. Pieter Muysken , Werner Abraham , and Michael Noonan , number90in Studies in language companion series (SLCS), 95–149. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/slcs.90.03kla
    https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.90.03kla [Google Scholar]
  24. Kroon, Yosep
    2016 A grammar of Solor Lamaholot: A language of Flores, Eastern Indonesia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
  25. Nagaya, Naonori
    2011 The Lamaholot language of Eastern Indonesia. Doctoral dissertation, Rice University, Houston.
  26. Nishiyama, Kunio , and Herman Kelen
    2007A grammar of Lamaholot, Eastern Indonesia: The morphology and syntax of the Lewoingu dialect. Munich: Lincom Europe.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Reesink, Ger
    2002 Clause-final negation: Structure and interpretation. Functions of Language9:239–268.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Robinson, Laura C. , and John Haan
    2014 Adang. InThe Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar, ed. Antoinette Schapper , volume1, 221–283. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Samely, Ursula
    1991Kedang, (Eastern Indonesia), some aspects of its grammar. Number Bd.46in Forum phoneticum. Hamburg: H. Buske.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Schapper, Antoinette
    ed. 2014The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar, volume1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Thomason, Sarah , and Terrence Kaufman
    1988Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. van der Auwera, Johan
    2009 The Jespersen Cycles. InCyclical change, ed. Elly van Gelderen , Linguistik aktuell ; vol.146. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.146.05auw
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.146.05auw [Google Scholar]
  33. van der Auwera, Johan , and Denies Du Mon
    2015 Negation, Linguistics of. InInternational Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), ed. James D. Wright , 409–414. Oxford: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑08‑097086‑8.54054‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.54054-9 [Google Scholar]
  34. van der Auwera, Johan , and Frens Vossen
    2015 Negatives between Chamic and Bahnaric. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society8:24–38.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. 2016 Jespersen cycles in the Mayan, Quechuan and Maipurean languages. InCyclical change continued, ed. Elly van Gelderen , Linguistics today , volume227. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.227.07auw
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.227.07auw [Google Scholar]
  36. van Klinken, Catherina
    1999A grammar of the Fehan dialect of Tetun. An Austronesian language of West Timor. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics Australian National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Vossen, Frens
    2016 On the typology of the Jespersen Cycles. Doctoral, Universiteit van Antwerpen, Antwerpen.
  38. Vossen, Frens , and Johan van der Auwera
    2014 The Jespersen Cycles Seen from Austronesian. InThe diachrony of negation, ed. Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen and Jacqueline Visconti , 47–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/avt.34.04fri
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/avt.34.04fri
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error