Neological cancer metaphors in the Chinese cyberspace

References

1. An, Zhiwei 安志伟
   2008 “网络数字谐音词语浅论 [On number homophones on the Internet].” Journal of Taiyuan University太原大学学报4: 36–38.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bourdieu, Pierre
   1977 Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology; No. 16. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511812507
   https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812507 [Google Scholar]
3. Bruwer, A.
   1985 “The Nuclear Weapons Freeze and A Cancer Metaphor: A Physician’s View.” JAMA254 (5): 657–58. doi:  10.1001/jama.1985.03360050095033
   https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03360050095033 [Google Scholar]
4. Bybee, Joan L.
   2007 Frequency of Use and the Organization of Language. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301571.001.0001
   https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301571.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
5. Calude, Andreea S., and Mark Pagel
   2011 “How Do We Use Language? Shared Patterns in the Frequency of Word Use across 17 World Languages.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciencesvol.366(1567): 1101–1107. doi:  10.1098/rstb.2010.0315
   https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0315 [Google Scholar]
6. Eckert, Penelope
   2000 Linguistic Variation as Social Practice: The Linguistic Construction of Identity in Belten High. Language in Society (Oxford, England) 27. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Eckert, Penelope
   2008 “Variation and the Indexical Field.” Journal of Sociolinguistics12 (4): 453–76. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2008.00374.x
   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00374.x [Google Scholar]
8. El Refaie, Elisabeth
   2013 “Cross-Modal Resonances in Creative Multimodal Metaphors: Breaking out of Conceptual Prisons.” Review of Cognitive Linguistics11 (2): 236–49. doi:  10.1075/bct.78.02elr
   https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.78.02elr [Google Scholar]
9. Erker, Daniel, and Gregory R. Guy
   2012 “The Role of Lexical Frequency in Syntactic Variability: Variable Subject Personal Pronoun Expression in Spanish.” Language88 (3): 526–57. doi:  10.1353/lan.2012.0050
   https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0050 [Google Scholar]
10. Gibbs, Raymond W.
    1999 Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science. Series IV, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, vol.175. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.175
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.175 [Google Scholar]
11. Giora, Rachel
    1997 “Understanding Figurative and Literal Language: The Graded Salience Hypothesis.” Cognitive Linguistics8 (3): 183–206. doi:  10.1515/cogl.1997.8.3.183
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1997.8.3.183 [Google Scholar]
12. Giora, Rachel
    2003 On Our Mind: Salience, Context, and Figurative Language. OUP E-Books. New York: Oxford University Press. site.ebrary.com/id/10266420. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136166.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136166.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
13. Glucksberg, Sam
    2001 Understanding Figurative Language from Metaphors to Idioms. Oxford Psychology Series; No. 36. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111095.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111095.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
14. Goldberg, Adele E.
    1995 Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Goldberg, Adele E.
    2006 Constructions at Work: The Nature of Generalization in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Goldberg, Adele E.
    2019 Explain Me This: Creativity, Competition, and the Partial Productivity of Constructions. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:  10.2307/j.ctvc772nn.8
    https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc772nn.8 [Google Scholar]
17. Grady, Joseph
    1997 “Foundations of Meaning: Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes.” UCBerkeleyDissertation.
18. Gries, Stefan Th
    2012 “Frequencies, Probabilities, and Association Measures in Usage-/Exemplar-Based Linguistics.” Studies in Language36 (3): 477–510. doi: 10.1075/sl.11.3.02gri
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.11.3.02gri [Google Scholar]
19. Hui, Tiangang 惠天罡
    2006 “网络词语构词探析 [Morphological investigation of Internet language].” Rhetoric Studies修辞学习2: 71–74.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Ji, Yingchun
    2017 “A Mosaic Temporality: New Dynamics of the Gender and Marriage System in Contemporary Urban China.” Temporalités. Revue de sciences sociales et humaines, (26). doi:  10.4000/temporalites.3773
    https://doi.org/10.4000/temporalites.3773 [Google Scholar]
21. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo
    2007 “Negativity Bias in Language: A Cognitive-Affective Model of Emotive Intensifiers.” Cognitive Linguistics18 (3). doi:  10.1515/COG.2007.023
    https://doi.org/10.1515/COG.2007.023 [Google Scholar]
22. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo
    2008 “Much Mouth Much Tongue: Chinese Metonymies and Metaphors of Verbal Behaviour.” Cognitive Linguistics19 (2). doi:  10.1515/COG.2008.010
    https://doi.org/10.1515/COG.2008.010 [Google Scholar]
23. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo
    2016 “Metaphor in Chinese: Cognition, Culture, and Society.” InThe Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language, ed. bySin-wai Chan. 629–44. London/New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo, and Shu-Kai Hsieh
    2019 “Chinese Neologisms.” InThe Routledge Handbook of Chinese Applied Linguistics, ed. byChu-Ren Huang, Zhuo Jing-Schmidt, and B. Meisterernst. London/New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315625157‑34
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315625157-34 [Google Scholar]
25. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo, and Xinjia Peng
    2017 “Winds and Tigers: Metaphor Choice in China’s Anti-Corruption Discourse.” Lingua Sinica3 (1). doi:  10.1186/s40655‑016‑0017‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s40655-016-0017-9 [Google Scholar]
26. Jing-Schmidt, Zhuo, and Xinjia Peng
    2018 “The Sluttified Sex: Verbal Misogyny Reflects and Reinforces Gender Order in Wireless China.” Language in Society47 (3): 385–408. doi:  10.1017/S0047404518000386
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404518000386 [Google Scholar]
27. Koestler, Arthur
    1965 The Act of Creation. New York: Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Kövecses, Zoltán
    2002 Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Kövecses, Zoltán
    2005 Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511614408
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614408 [Google Scholar]
30. Kövecses, Zoltán
    2010 “Metaphor and Culture.” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica2: 197–220.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Kövecses, Zoltán
    2015 Where Metaphors Come from: Reconsidering Context in Metaphor. New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190224868.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190224868.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
32. Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson
    1980 Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Lederer, Jenny
    2019 “Lexico-Grammatical Alignment in Metaphor Construal.” Cognitive Linguistics30 (1): 165–203. doi:  10.1515/cog‑2017‑0135
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2017-0135 [Google Scholar]
34. Li, Hui, and Minxuan Feng
    2011 “Recognition of the Metaphoric Neologisms.” International Journal of Knowledge and Language Processing2 (3): 14–20.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Liu, Jenny X., and Kyung Choi
    2006 “Experiences of Social Discrimination among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shanghai, China.” AIDS and Behavior10 (4Suppl): S25–33. doi:  10.1007/s10461‑006‑9123‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9123-5 [Google Scholar]
36. Lukač, Morana
    2018 “Grassroots Prescriptivism: An Analysis of Individual Speakers’ Efforts at Maintaining the Standard Language Ideology.” English Today34 (4): 5–12. doi: 10.1017/S0266078418000342.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078418000342. [Google Scholar]
37. McConnell-Ginet, Sally
    2003 “What is a Name? Social Labeling and Gender Practices.” InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. byJanet Holmes, and Miriam Meyerhoff. 69–97. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 10.1002/9780470756942.ch3
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch3 [Google Scholar]
38. McIntosh, Peggy
    2009 “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women’s Studies.” InPrivilege and Prejudice: Twenty Years with the Invisible Knapsack, ed. byKaren Weekes. 7–18. Working Paper (Wellesley College Center for Research on Women); No. 189. England: Cambridge Scholars.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Meisenberg, Barry, and Samuel Meisenberg
    2015 “The Political Use of the Cancer Metaphor: Negative Consequences for the Public and the Cancer Community.” Journal of Cancer Education30 (2): 398–399. doi:  10.1007/s13187‑015‑0803‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0803-6 [Google Scholar]
40. Nosofsky, Robert M.
    1988 “Similarity, Frequency, and Category Representations.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition14 (1): 54–65. doi:  10.1037/0278‑7393.14.1.54
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.14.1.54 [Google Scholar]
41. Penson, Richard T., Lidia Schapira, Kristy J. Daniels, Bruce A. Chabner, and Thomas J. Lynch
    2004 “Cancer as Metaphor.” The Oncologist9 (6): 708–16. doi:  10.1634/theoncologist.9‑6‑708
    https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.9-6-708 [Google Scholar]
42. Piantadosi, Steven T.
    2014 “Zipf’s Word Frequency Law in Natural Language: A Critical Review and Future Directions.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21 (5): 1112–30. doi:  10.3758/s13423‑014‑0585‑6
    https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0585-6 [Google Scholar]
43. Raskin, Victor
    1985 Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Synthese Language Library, vol.24. Dordrecht/Boston;/Hingham, MA: DReidel; Sold and distributed in the USA and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Shi, Hui and Zhuo Jing-Schmidt
    2020 “Little Cutie One Piece: An Innovative Human Classifier and its Social Indexicality in Chinese Digital Culture.” Chinese Language and Discourse, 11 (1). doi:  10.1075/cld.00023.shi
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00023.shi [Google Scholar]
45. Silverstein, Michael
    1985 “Language and the Culture of Gender: At the Intersection of Structure, Usage, and Ideology.” InSemiotic Mediation, ed. byElizabeth Mertz, and Richard J. Parmentier. 219–259. Orlando: Academic Press. 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑491280‑9.50016‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-491280-9.50016-9 [Google Scholar]
46. Sontag, Susan
    1978 Illness as Metaphor. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Steen, Gerard J., Aletta G. Dorst, J. Berenike Herrmann, Anna A. Kaal, and Tina Krennmayr
    2010 “Metaphor in Usage.” Cognitive Linguistics21 (4). doi:  10.1515/cogl.2010.024
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2010.024 [Google Scholar]
48. Sullivan, Karen
    2013 Frames and Constructions in Metaphoric Language. Constructional Approaches to Language, vol.14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cal.14
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.14 [Google Scholar]
49. Walstedt, Joyce Jennings
    1978 “Reform of Women’s Roles and Family Structures in the Recent History of China.” Journal of Marriage and the Family40 (2): 379. doi:  10.2307/350768
    https://doi.org/10.2307/350768 [Google Scholar]
50. Yu, Genyuan 于根元
    2001 网络语言概说 [Introduction to Internet language]. Beijing: China Economics Press.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Yu, Ning
    2003 “Metaphor, Body, and Culture: The Chinese Understanding of Gallbladder and Courage.” Metaphor and Symbol18 (1): 13–31. doi:  10.1207/S15327868MS1801_2
    https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327868MS1801_2 [Google Scholar]
52. Yu, Ning, and Dingding Jia
    2016 “Metaphor in Culture: LIFE IS A SHOW in Chinese.” Cognitive Linguistics27 (2): 147–180. doi:  10.1515/cog‑2015‑0080
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0080 [Google Scholar]
53. Zhang, Jun 张俊
    2006 “谐音双关的符号学阐释 [A semiotic account of homophonous puns].” InAdvances in Signs and Semiotics符号与符号学新论, 348–59. Nanjing: Southeastern University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Zheng, Yanxia
    2015 “A Metaphorical Study on Chinese Neologisms.” Journal of Language Teaching and Research6 (6): 1379. doi:  10.17507/jltr.0606.28
    https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0606.28 [Google Scholar]
55. Zhi, Weihua 支炜华, Feng Wang王峰, and Caichen Jia贾彩辰
    2011 “网媒热词的 隐喻探微 – 以‘给力’、‘神马’、‘浮云’为例 [A probe into network words from the perspective of metaphor – Geili, shenma and fuyun as cases].” Journal of Xi’an International Studies University西安外国语大学学报4: 40–43.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Zhou, Shao 周芍
    2013 “‘高富帅’ 词义的泛化、专化及其模因效应 [The semantic generalization and specialization of ‘Gaofushuai’ and its memetic effect].” Applied Linguistics语言文字应用4: 80–87.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Zipf, George Kingsley
    1936 The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Philology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    [Google Scholar]