1887
Volume 45, Issue 1
  • ISSN 1810-7478
  • E-ISSN: 2589-5230

Abstract

Abstract

This paper examines the morpho-syntactic properties of elements that realize adverbial meanings in Isbukun Bunun and investigates how its adverbs are syntactically represented. I show that most adverbial meanings are realized as verbs in this language, with only a few adverbial expressions realized as adverbs in the traditional sense. Specifically, the adverbial verbs, just like typical verbs, have to occur sentence-initially, take inflectional morphology and attract cliticization, whereas the genuine adverbs are invariable in form and exhibit relatively free distribution. The paper also presents evidence which bears on the debate concerning the syntax of adverbials and shows that a hybrid treatment is needed in which phrasal adverbs are adjoined to clauses while adverbial verbs are located in strictly-ordered functional projections in the backbone of the clause.

Available under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/consl.00001.wu
2019-05-31
2024-09-17
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/consl.00001.wu.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/consl.00001.wu&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alexiadou, Artemis
    1997Adverb Placement: A Case Study in Antisymmetric Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.18
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.18 [Google Scholar]
  2. Chang, Henry Y.
    2006 The guest playing host: Adverbial modifiers as matrix verbs in Kavalan. Clause Structure and Adjuncts in Austronesian Languages, ed. byHans Martin Gärtner, Paul Law and Joachim Sabel, 43–82. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110922974.43
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110922974.43 [Google Scholar]
  3. 2009 Adverbial verbs and adverbial compounds in Tsou: A syntactic analysis. Oceanic Linguistics48.2:439–476. 10.1353/ol.0.0042
    https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.0.0042 [Google Scholar]
  4. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1999Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-linguistic Perspective. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. 2004 Issues in adverbial syntax. Lingua114.6:683–710. 10.1016/S0024‑3841(03)00048‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3841(03)00048-2 [Google Scholar]
  6. De Haan, Ferdinand
    2001 The place of inference within the evidential system. International Journal of American Linguistics67.2:193–219. 10.1086/466455
    https://doi.org/10.1086/466455 [Google Scholar]
  7. Ernst, Thomas
    2002The Syntax of Adjuncts. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. 2007 On the role of semantics in a theory of adverb syntax. Lingua117.6:1008–1033. 10.1016/j.lingua.2005.03.015
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2005.03.015 [Google Scholar]
  9. 2010 Adverbs and light verbs. Proceedings of the 22rd North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-22) and the 18th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics (IACL-18), ed. byLauren Eby Clemens and Chi-Ming Louis Liu, 178–195. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Grimshaw, Jane
    1991 Extended projection. Manuscript, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. He, Ru-fen, Si-qi Zeng, Wen-shu Li, and Qing-chun Lin
    1986 Gaoshanzu Yuyan Jianzhi: Bunenyu [A Handbook of the Mountain Indigenous Peoples: Bunun]. Beijing: Minzu.
  12. Holmer, Arthur
    2006 Seediq – Adverbial heads in a Formosan language. Clause Structure and Adjuncts in Austronesian Languages, ed. byHans-Martin Gärtner, Paul Law and Joachim Sabel, 83–123. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110922974.83
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110922974.83 [Google Scholar]
  13. 2010 Seediq adverbial verbs – A review of the evidence. Austronesian and Theoretical Linguistics, ed. byRaphael Mercado, Eric Potsdam and Lisa deMena Travis, 163–182. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.167.11hol
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.167.11hol [Google Scholar]
  14. 2012 Evidence from Formosan for a unified theory of adverb ordering. Lingua122.8: 902–921. 10.1016/j.lingua.2012.03.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.03.003 [Google Scholar]
  15. Hsiao, Yi-ling
    2004 Adverbials in Squliq Atayal. MA thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Huang, Hui-chuan J.
    2008 Competition between syllabic and metrical constraints in two Bunun dialects. Linguistics46.1:1–32. 10.1515/LING.2008.001
    https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2008.001 [Google Scholar]
  17. Huang, Lillian M.
    1997 Kaohsiungxian de bunongyu [The Bunun language in Kaohsiung County]. Kaohsiungxian de Nandao Yuyan [Austronesian Languages Spoken in Kaohsiung County], ed. byPaul Jen-kuei Li, 351–409. Kaohsiung: The Government of Kaohsiung County.
  18. Huang, Lillian M., Elizabeth Zeitoun, Marie M. Yeh, Anna H. Chang, and Joy J. Wu
    1999 A typological overview of pronominal systems of some Formosan languages. Selected Papers from the 5th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics, ed. bySamuel Wang, Feng-fu Tsao and Chin-fa Lien, 165–198. Taipei: Crane.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jeng, Hengsyung
    1977Topic and Focus in Bunun. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. 1999 Bunun tense and aspect. Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, ed. byElizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li, 455–487. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kaufman, Daniel
    2004 Adverbs at the interface. Paper presented at the11th Annual Meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA-11), ZAS, Berlin.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. 2006 Rigidity versus relativity in adverbial syntax: Evidence from Tagalog. Clause Structure and Adjuncts in Austronesian Languages, ed. byHans-Martin Gärtner, Paul Law and Joachim Sabel, 151–194. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110922974.151
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110922974.151 [Google Scholar]
  23. Li, Chao-Lin
    2007 Adverbial verbs and argument attraction in Puyuma. Nanzan Linguistics, Special Issue3.1:165–201.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Li, Lilian L.
    2010 Clitics in Nantou Isbukun Bunun (Austronesian). MA thesis, National Chi Nan University, Nantou.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. 2017 Verb-adjacent clitic climbing and restructuring in Isbukun Bunun. Oceanic Linguistics56.1:1–21. 10.1353/ol.2017.0000
    https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2017.0000 [Google Scholar]
  26. 2018 A Grammar of Isbukun Bunun. Doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Li, Paul J.-K.
    1988 A comparative study of Bunun dialects. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology59:479–508.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. 1997 The southern dialect of Bunun spoken in Xinyi Township, Nantou County. Kaohsiungxian de Nandao Yuyan [Austronesian Languages Spoken in Kaohsiung County], ed. byPaul Jen-kuei Li, 300–350. Kaohsiung: The Government of Kaohsiung County.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. 2016 Verbs or adverbs in Thao?Concentric: Studies in Linguistics42.1:31–44.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lin, Hsiu-hsu
    1996 Isbukun Phonology: A Study of its Segments, Syllable Structure and Phonological Processes. MA thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nojima, Motoyasu
    1996 Lexical prefixes of Bunun verbs. GENGO KENKYU110:1–27.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nuyts, Jan
    2005 Modality: Overview and linguistic issues. The Expression of Modality, ed. byWilliam Frawley, 1–26. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ross, Malcolm, and Stacy Fang-Ching Teng
    2003 The notion of verb in Puyuma: A construction grammar approach. Paper presented at the2nd Workshop on Formosan Languages, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Shi, Chaokai
    2009 The Linker tu in Isbukun Bunun. MA thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Starosta, Stanley
    1988 A grammatical typology of Formosan languages. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology59: 541–576.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Stump, Gregory T.
    2001Inflectional Morphology: A Theory of Paradigm Structure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486333
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486333 [Google Scholar]
  37. Su, Yi-Fan
    2008 Adverbials in Takituduh Bunun. MA thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Wu, Chunming
    2004 A Study of Lexical Categories in Paiwan. MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. 2006 Adverbials in Paiwan. Paper presented at the10th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Palawan, Philippines.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Yeh, Marie Meili
    2003 Adjectives as verbs in Saisiyat. Paper presented at the2nd Workshop on Formosan Languages, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Zeitoun, Elizabeth
    2000 Bunongyu Cankao Yufa [A Reference Grammar of Bunun]. Taipei: Yuanliou.
  42. 2007A Grammar of Mantauran Rukai. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/consl.00001.wu
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error