Applying research-based multimedia design principles in designing and teaching beginning CFL learners the ba construction online

References

1. Ainsworth, S.
   (2014) The multiple representation principle in multimedia learning. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed., pp.464–486). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139547369.024
   https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139547369.024 [Google Scholar]
2. Al-Jarf, R. S.
   (2005) The effects of online grammar instruction on low proficiency EFL college students’ achievement. The Asian EFL Journal, 7 (4),166–190.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alanen, R.
   (1995) Input enhancement and rule presentation in second language acquisition. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning (pp.259–302). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Arikan, A.
   (2009) Environmental peace education in foreign language learners’ English grammar lessons. Journal of Peace Education, 6 (1), 87–99. doi: 10.1080/17400200802655064
   https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200802655064 [Google Scholar]
5. Arikan, A.
   (2014) An examination of online grammar teaching materials available for young learners. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 158 , 18–22. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.026
   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.026 [Google Scholar]
6. Arfstrom, K. M.
   (2014) What’s the difference between a flipped classroom and flipped learning?Retrieved onApril 20, 2016fromwww.edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2014/07/whats-difference-between-flipped-classroom-and-flipped-learning.
7. Ash, K.
   (2012) Educators view flipped model with a more critical eye. Education Week, 32 (2), S6–S7.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Baddeley, A. D.
   (1999) Essentials of human memory. Chicago: Psychology Press.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bender, E.
   (2000) The syntax of Mandarin ba: reconsidering the verbal analysis. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 9 , 105–145. doi: 10.1023/A:1008348224800
   https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008348224800 [Google Scholar]
10. Bennett, P. A.
    (1981) The evolution of passive and disposal sentences. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 9 , 61–89.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Bergmann, J. , & Sams, A.
    (2009) Remixing chemistry class: Two Colorado teachers make vodcasts of their lectures to free up class time for hands-on activities. Learning & Leading with Technology, 36 (4), 22–27.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bowles, M. , & Montrul, S.
    (2008) The role of explicit instruction in the L2 acquisition of the a-personal. In J. B. de Garavito & E. Valenzuela (Eds). Selected proceedings of the 10th Hispanic linguistics symposium (pp.25–35). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Carroll, S. , & Swain, M.
    (1993) Explicit and implicit negative feedback: An empirical study of the learning of linguistic generalizations. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15 , 357–386. doi: 10.1017/S0272263100012158
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100012158 [Google Scholar]
14. Chao, Y. -R.
    (1968) A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Chapelle, C.
    (2001) Computer applications in second language acquisition: Foundations for teaching, testing and research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524681
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524681 [Google Scholar]
16. Cheng, L.
    (1986) Clause structure in Mandarin Chinese (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Toronto, Toronto.
17. Cheung, H. S.
    (1973) A comparative study in Chinese grammars: the ba-construction. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 1 (3), 343–382.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Cui, Y.
    (2003) Hanyu jieyuzhong de “ba … fang …” duanyu fenxi汉语介语中的 “把…放…” 短语分析 [An analysis of “ba… fang …” phrases in Mandarin Chinese]. Mandarin Chinese Studies汉语学习, 1 , 50–56.
    [Google Scholar]
19. de Graaf, R.
    (1997) The eXperanto experiment: Effects of explicit instruction on second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19 , 249–297. doi: 10.1017/S0272263197002064
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263197002064 [Google Scholar]
20. DeKeyser, R.
    (1995) Learning second language grammar rules: An experiment with a miniature linguistic system. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17 , 379–410. doi: 10.1017/S027226310001425X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S027226310001425X [Google Scholar]
21. Diao, Y. , Chandler, P. , & Sweller, J.
    (2007) New report: The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language. The American Journal of Psychology, 120 (2), 237–261.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Du, H.
    (2004) The acquisition of the ba – construction by adult second language learners (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson.
23. Du, H.
    (2006) The acquisition of the Chinese ba-construction. Munich: Lincom Europa.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Ellis, N.
    (1993) Rules and instances in foreign language learning: Interactions of explicit and implicit knowledge. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 5 (3), 289–318. doi: 10.1080/09541449308520120
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09541449308520120 [Google Scholar]
25. Feriazzo, L.
    (2014) Response: ‘Flipped learning makes teachers more valuable.’ Education Week. Retrieved inAugust 2016fromblogs.edweek.org/teachers/classroom_qa_with_larry_ferlazzo/2014/01/response_flipped_learning_makes_teachers_more_valuable.html
26. Hamre, B. K. , & Pianta, R. C.
    (2005) Can instructional and emotional support in the first-grade classroom make a difference for children at risk of school failure?Child Development, 76 (5) 949–967. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑8624.2005.00889.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00889.x [Google Scholar]
27. Hashimoto, A. Y.
    (1971) Mandarin syntactic structures. Unicorn, 8 , 1–149.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Hughes, N. , & Rolls, A.
    (2012) Blended learning and disciplinarity: Negotiating connections in French studies in regional universities. The Language Learning Journal, 40 (3), 293–305. doi: 10.1080/09571736.2011.640406
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2011.640406 [Google Scholar]
29. Hornstein, N. , Nunes, J. , & Grohmann, K. K.
    (2005) Understanding minimalism. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511840678
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840678 [Google Scholar]
30. Jamaludin, R. , & Osman, S.
    (2014) The use of a flipped classroom to enhance engagement and promote active learning. Journal of Education and Practice, 5 (2), 124–131.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Jin, H.
    (1992) Pragmaticization and the L2 acquisition of Chinese BA constructions. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 27 (3), 33–52.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Kuo, J. Y. , Wu, J-S. , & Chung, S-C.
    (2011) Computer assisted learning of Chinese shape classifiers. Journal of Chinese Language Teaching, 2 , 99–122.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Goodall, G.
    (1988) Evidence for an asymmetry in argument structure. Linguistic Inquiry, 19 , 669–674.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Greenberg, B. , Medlock, L. , & Stephens, D.
    (2011) Blend my learning: Lessons from a blended learning pilot. Oakland, CA: Envison Schools, Google, & Stanford University D.School. Retrieved inJune 2016fromblendmylearning.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/lessons-learned-from-a-blended-learning-pilot4.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
35. Jing-Schmidt, Z.
    (2005) Dramatized discourse: The Mandarin Chinese ba-construction. Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. doi: 10.1075/sfsl.56
    https://doi.org/10.1075/sfsl.56 [Google Scholar]
36. Jing-Schmidt, Z. , Peng, X. , & Chen, J.
    (2015) From Corpus Analysis to Grammar Instruction: Toward a usage-based constructionist approach to constructional stratification. Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association, 50 (2), 1–30.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Keengwe, J. , Onchwari, G. , Oigara, J.
    (eds.) (2014) Promoting active learning through the flipped classroom model. Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design (AETID) Book Series. Hershey: IGI Global/Information Science Reference. doi: 10.4018/978‑1‑4666‑4987‑3
    https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4987-3 [Google Scholar]
38. Koszalka, T. , & Ganesan, R.
    (2004) Designing online courses: A taxonomy to guide strategic use of features available in course management systems (CMS) in distance education. Journal of Distance Education, 25 (2), 243–256. doi: 10.1080/0158791042000262111
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791042000262111 [Google Scholar]
39. Krashen, S. D.
    (1981) Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Kumar, K. & Patil, S. S.
    (2013) Effectiveness of multimedia presentation for teaching English grammar to government rural secondary school students. Indian Streams Research Journal, 3 (1). Retrieved inSeptember 2016fromisrj.org/UploadedData/1966.pdf.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Li, J.- I.
    (1997) The ba construction in Mandarin Chinese: a serial verb analysis. In J. R. Black & V. Motapanyane (eds.), Current issues in linguistic theory, 140: Clitics, pronouns and movement (pp.175–216.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.140.08li
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.140.08li [Google Scholar]
42. Li, Y. -H. A.
    (2006) Chinese ba . In M. Everaart & H. van Riemskijk (eds.) The Blackwell companion to syntax, 1 , 374–468. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9780470996591.ch12
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch12 [Google Scholar]
43. Li, C. N. , & Thompson, S. A.
    (1981) Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Li, Y. , & Deng, X.
    (2005) Baziju yufa xiangmu de xuanqu yu paixu yanjiu“把”字句语法项目的选取与排序研究 [A study on the selection and ordering of the ba construction types]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies语言教学与研究, 3 , 50–58.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Lockwood, R. B.
    (2014) Flip it: Strategies for the ESL classroom. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI. doi: 10.3998/mpub.7110704
    https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.7110704 [Google Scholar]
46. Liu, F-H.
    (1997) An aspectual analysis of BA. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 6 , 51–99. doi: 10.1023/A:1008287920948
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008287920948 [Google Scholar]
47. Liu, Y.
    (1996) Hanyu shuiping dengji biaozhun yu yufa dengji dagang汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲 [Standards for grading/ranking Chinese proficiency and grammar]. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Mayer, R. E.
    (2002) Multimedia learning. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 41 , 85–139. doi: 10.1016/S0079‑7421(02)80005‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(02)80005-6 [Google Scholar]
49. Mayer, R. E.
    (2009) Multimedia learning. 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511811678
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811678 [Google Scholar]
50. Mayer, R. E.
    (2014) Research-based principles for designing multimedia instruction. In V. A. Benassi , C. E. Overson , & C. M. Hakala (Eds.) Applying Science of Learning in Education: Infusing Psychological Science into the Curriculum (pp.59–70). Retrieved from the Society for the Teaching of Psychology web site: teachpsych.org/ebooks/asle2014/index.php
    [Google Scholar]
51. Mayer, R. E. , & Pilegard, C.
    (2014) Principles for managing essential processing in multimedia learning: Segmenting, pre-training, and modality principles. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed., pp.316–344). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139547369.016
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139547369.016 [Google Scholar]
52. McLaughlin, J. E. , Roth, M. T. , Glatt, D. M. , Gharkholonarehe, N. Davidson, C. A. , Griffin, L. M. , Esserman, D. A. , Mumper, R. J.
    (2014) The flipped classroom: A course redesign to foster learning and engagement in a health professions school. Academic Medicine, 89 (2), 1–8. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
    https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086 [Google Scholar]
53. Meskill, C. , and Anthony, N.
    (2007) Learning to orchestrate online instructional conversations: A case of faculty development for foreign language educators. Journal of Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20 (1), 5–19. doi: 10.1080/09588220601118487
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220601118487 [Google Scholar]
54. Nagata, N.
    (1993) Intelligent computer feedback for second language instruction. The Modern Language Journal, 77 , 330–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.1993.tb01980.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1993.tb01980.x [Google Scholar]
55. Nagata, N. , & Swisher, M. V.
    (1995) A study of consciousness-raising by computer: The effect of metalinguistic feedback on SLA. Foreign Language Annals, 28 , 336–347. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1995.tb00803.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1995.tb00803.x [Google Scholar]
56. Nassaji, H. , & Fotos, S.
    (2004) Current developments in research on the teaching of grammar. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24 , 126–145. doi: 10.1017/S0267190504000066
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190504000066 [Google Scholar]
57. Nazari, N.
    (2012) The effect of implicit and explicit grammar instruction on learners’ achievements in receptive and productive modes. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70 , 156–162. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.051
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.051 [Google Scholar]
58. Norris, J. , & Ortega, L.
    (2000) Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis. Language Learning, 50 , 417–528. doi: 10.1111/0023‑8333.00136
    https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00136 [Google Scholar]
59. O’Flaherty, J. , & Phillips, C.
    (2015) The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. Internet and Higher Education, 25 , 85–95. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002 [Google Scholar]
60. Paivio, A.
    (1986) Mental representations. New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Potgieter, A. P. , & Conradie, S.
    (2013) Explicit grammar teaching in EAL classrooms: Suggestions from isiXhosa speakers’ L2 data. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 31 (1), 111–127. doi: 10.2989/16073614.2013.793956
    https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2013.793956 [Google Scholar]
62. Rama, J. L. , & Agulló, G. L.
    (2012) The role of grammar teaching: From communicative approaches to the common European framework of reference for languages. Revista of Linguistica y Lenguas Aplicadas, 7 , 179–191.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Robinson, Peter
    (1996) Learning simple and complex second language rules under implicit, incidental, rule search, and instructed conditions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18 (1), 27–67. doi: 10.1017/S0272263100014674
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100014674 [Google Scholar]
64. Robinson, Peter
    (1997) Generalizability and automaticity of second language learning under implicit, incidental, enhanced, and instructed conditions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19 (2), 223–247. doi: 10.1017/S0272263197002052
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263197002052 [Google Scholar]
65. Rosa, E. , & Leow, R.
    (2004) Computerized task-based exposure, explicitness, type of feedback, and Spanish L2 development. Modern Language Journal, 88 (2), 192–216. doi: 10.1111/j.0026‑7902.2004.00225.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0026-7902.2004.00225.x [Google Scholar]
66. Scheiter, K.
    (2014) The learner control principle in multimedia learning. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (2nd ed., pp.487–512). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139547369.025
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139547369.025 [Google Scholar]
67. Schmidt, R.
    (2001) Attention. In P. Robinson (ed.) Cognition and second language instruction (pp.3–32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003 [Google Scholar]
68. Simba Information
    Simba Information (2011) Flipped classroom offers new learning path. Electronic Education Report, 18 , 1–3.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Stone, B. B.
    (2012) Flip your classroom to increase active learning and student engagement. Paper presented at the28th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching & Learning. Madison, Wisconsin.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Sweller, J.
    (1994) Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty and instructional design. Learning and Instruction, 4 , 295–312. doi: 10.1016/0959‑4752(94)90003‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4752(94)90003-5 [Google Scholar]
71. Sweller, J.
    (1999) Instructional design in technical areas. Camberwell, Victoria, Australia: ACER Press.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Sybesma, R.
    (1992) Causatives and accomplishments: the case of Chinese ba (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Leiden University, Netherlands.
73. Tsao, F.
    (1986) A topic-comment approach to the ba construction. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 15 , 1–55.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Wang, L.
    (1957)  Hanyu shigao 汉语史稿 [A history of the Chinese language]. Beijing: Science Publishing Company.
75. Wang, M.
    (1987) Transitivity and the ba- construction in Mandarin (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Boston University, Boston.
76. Wang, Y. , & Chen, V.
    (2008) Essential elements in designing online discussions to promote cognitive presence – A practical experience. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12 (3–4), 157–177.
    [Google Scholar]
77. Wen, X.
    (2010) Acquisition of the displacement ba-construction by English-speaking learners of Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 45 (2), 73–100.
    [Google Scholar]
78. Wen, X.
    (2012) A daunting task? The acquisition of the Chinese ba construction by nonnative speakers of Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 40 (1), 216–241.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Wittrock, M. C.
    (1989) Generative processes of comprehension. Educational Psychologist, 2 , 345–376. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2404_2
    https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2404_2 [Google Scholar]
80. Xing, J. Z.
    (2003) Toward a pedagogical grammar of Chinese: Approach, content, and process. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 38 (3), 41–67.
    [Google Scholar]
81. Xing, J. Z.
    (2006) Teaching and learning Chinese as a foreign language – A pedagogical grammar. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
82. Yang, S.
    (1995) Ba and bei constructions in Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 30 (3), 1–36.
    [Google Scholar]
83. Zhang, S.
    (2002) Second language acquisition of the ba construction in contemporary Mandarin Chinese. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
84. Zhang, W.
    (2001) Baziju de weiyi tushi把字句的位移图示 [An illustration of the movement of ba construction]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies语言教学与研究, 3 , 1–9
    [Google Scholar]
85. Zou, K.
    (1995) The syntax of the Chinese construction and verb compounds: A morphosyntactic analysis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern California, Los Angeles.