1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Diachronica
  4. Volume 34, Issue 4
  5. Article
Volume 34, Issue 4
  • ISSN 0176-4225
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9714
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between middle and passive voice constructions in Korean, in particular how they have come to share the same grammatical marker . Based on diachronic data from the UNICONC (Korean historical) database, spanning Old, Middle and Modern Korean (15th to 20th century), our analysis reveals that was initially used as a middle voice marker for spontaneous and inchoative events, with change-of-state as their common feature, then extended to transitive contexts, giving rise to passive voice usage. More recently, has developed into a marker of facilitative middle constructions as well. These semantic extensions involve shifts in aspectual focus from change-of-state to resultative-state, and further to potential aspect and mood. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the diachrony of voice markers beyond the causative-to-passive pathway commonly seen in Northeast Asia to include the middle-to-passive pathway, with typological implications.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
2018-02-09
2024-12-07

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alexiadou, Artemis & Edit Doron
    2012 The syntactic construction of two non-active voices: passive and middle. Journal of Linguistics48.1–34. doi: 10.1017/S0022226711000338
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226711000338 [Google Scholar]
  2. Bae, Huyim
    1986  ‘-ci’wa phitong [ -ci and passive ] (Kwukehak Sinyenkwu 1 [New Studies on Korean 1]). Seoul: Thap Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 1988 Kwukephitongyenkwu [Studies on the Korean passive]. Seoul: Kolyetay Mincok Mwunhwa Yenkwuso.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Barber, Elizabeth J. W.
    1975 Voice – Beyond the passive. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society1. 16–24.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Berman, Ruth A.
    1979 Form and function: Passives, middles, and impersonals in Modern Hebrew. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of Berkeley Linguistics Society5. 1–27. doi: 10.3765/bls.v5i0.3248
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v5i0.3248 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bybee, Joan , Revere Perkins & William Pagliuca
    1994 The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect and modality in the languagees of the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Calude, Andreea S.
    2004 Reflexive-middle and reciprocal middle continua in Romanian. In Ilana Mushin (ed.), Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, 1–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen, Weirong & Foong Ha Yap
    . Forthcoming. Pathways to adversity and speaker-affectedness: On the emergence of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions in Chinese. Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Davidse, Kristin & Liesbet Heyvaert
    2007 On the middle voice: An interpersonal analysis of the English middle. Linguistics45(1). 37–83. doi: 10.1515/LING.2007.002
     https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2007.002 [Google Scholar]
  10. Dixon, R. M. W.
    1991 A new approach to English grammar on semantic principles. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Eckardt, Regine
    2006 Meaning change in grammaticalization: An enquiry into semantic reanalysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262601.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262601.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  12. Faltz, Leonard
    1977 Reflexivization: A study in universal syntax. Berkeley: University of California dissertation.
  13. Fellbaum, Christiane
    1985 On the middle construction in English. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Fleisher, Nicholas
    2006 The origin of passive get . English Language and Linguistics10(2). 225–252. doi: 10.1017/S1360674306001912
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674306001912 [Google Scholar]
  15. Givón, Talmy
    1991 The evolution of dependent clause morpho-syntax in Biblical Hebrew. In Elizabeth C. Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization, vol.2: Types of grammatical markers, 257–310. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, doi: 10.1075/tsl.19.2.14giv
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.19.2.14giv [Google Scholar]
  16. Goldberg, Adele E. & Farrell Ackerman
    2001 The pragmatics of obligatory adjuncts. Language77(4). 798–814. doi: 10.1353/lan.2001.0219
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2001.0219 [Google Scholar]
  17. Haspelmath, Martin
    1990 Grammaticalization of passive morphology. Studies in Language14(1). 25–72. doi: 10.1075/sl.14.1.03has
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.1.03has [Google Scholar]
  18. 2003 The geometry of grammatical meaning: Semantic maps and cross-linguistic comparison. In Michael Tomasello (ed.), The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure, vol.2, 211–242. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Heine, Bernd
    2000 Polysemy involving reflexive and reciprocal markers in African languages. In Zygmunt Frajzyngier & Tracy S. Curl (eds.), Reflexives: Forms and functions (Typological Studies in Language 40), 1–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Heine, Bernd & Tania Kuteva
    2002 World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511613463
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613463 [Google Scholar]
  21. 2007 The genesis of grammar: A reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Hilders, John H. & Jeremy C. D. Lawrance
    1956 An introduction to the Ateso language. Kampala: Eagle Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Hŏ, Ung
    1975 Uri yet malbon: 15-segi kugŏ hyŏngt’aeron [The basis of Old Korean: 15th century Korean morphology]. Seoul: Saem Munhwasa.
  24. Hong, Jongseon
    1998 Kuntaykwukeuy ihay [Understanding of Early Modern Korean]. Seoul: Pagijong Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Hopper, Paul
    1991 On some principles of grammaticization. In Elizabeth C. Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization, vol. 1: Focus on theoretical and methodological issues, 17–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.19.1.04hop
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.19.1.04hop [Google Scholar]
  26. Hopper, Paul J. & Elizabeth C. Traugott
    2003[1993] Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139165525
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165525 [Google Scholar]
  27. Jeong, Eon-hak
    2002 Study on the grammaticalization of the ‘-go isda’ construction. The Chin-tan Hakpo [The Chin-tan Scholarly Journal] 94. 167–203.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 2006 Sangilonkwa pocoyongenuy yeksacek yenkwu [Historical studies on aspect and auxiliary verbs]. Seoul: Thayhaksa .
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kemmer, Suzanne
    1993 The middle voice (Typological Studies in Language 23). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.23
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.23 [Google Scholar]
  30. Keenan, Edward L. & Leonard M. Faltz
    1985 Boolean semantics for natural language. Dordrecht: Reidel.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Keyser, Samuel J. & Thomas Roeper
    1984 On the middle and ergative constructions in English. Linguistic Inquiry15. 381–416.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kim, Cha Gyun
    1980 The meaning of causatives and passives in Korean. Hangeul168. 3–47.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kim, Jae Min
    2014 A typological study of anticausative, middle and medio-passive constructions. Studies in Modern Grammar81. 65–89. doi: 10.14342/smog.2014.81.65
     https://doi.org/10.14342/smog.2014.81.65 [Google Scholar]
  34. Knott, Judith
    1995 The causative-passive correlation. In David C. Bennett , Theodora Bynon & George B. Hewitt (eds.), Subject, voice, and ergativity: Selected essays, 53–59. London: University of London.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Ko, Yŏng-jin
    1997 Hankwukeuymwunpephwakwaceng: Phwulissiuykyengwu [Grammaticalization of Korean: In the case of predicates]. Seoul: Kookhak .
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Köhler, Oswin
    1981 Les langues Khoisan, section 1: Passive corre’ensemble. In Jean Perrot (ed.), Les langues dans le mon e ancien et o erne, pre issive correlation. In David’afrique su saharienne, 455–482. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. König, Ekkehard & Claire Moyse-Faurie
    2010 Towards a typology of reflexivity. Lecture notes at the DGfS-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology (4), Leipzig, 15August – 3 September.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Kranich, Svenja
    2010a The progressive in Modern English. A corpus-based study of grammaticalization and related changes (Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics 72). Amsterdam: Rodopi. doi: 10.1163/9789042031449
     https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042031449 [Google Scholar]
  39. 2010b Grammaticalization, subjectification and objectification. In Ekaterini Stathi , Elke Gehweiler & Ekkehard König (eds.), Grammaticalization: Current views and issues (Studies in Language Companion Series 119), 101–121. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/slcs.119.07kra
     https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.119.07kra [Google Scholar]
  40. Kwon, Iksoo
    2012 Viewpoints in the Korean verbal complex: Evidence, perception, assessment, and time. Berkeley: University of California doctoral dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Lee, Hyo-Sang
    1991 Tense, aspect, and modality: A discourse-pragmatic analysis of verbal affixes in Korean from a typological perspective. Los Angeles: University of California doctoral dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lee, Jung Tag
    2001 On the historical development of -ti-. Journal of Korean Linguistics38. 117–134.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Lin, Huei-Ling
    2011 Pure unaccusatives with HOOI in Taiwan Southern Min. Lingua121. 2035–2047. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2011.07.006
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2011.07.006 [Google Scholar]
  44. Marelj, Marijana
    2004 Middles and argument structure across languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics doctoral dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Matthews, Stephen , Huiling Xu & Virginia Yip
    2005 Passive and unaccusative in the Jieyang dialect of Chaozhou. Journal of East Asian Linguistics4(4). 267–298. doi: 10.1007/s10831‑005‑3822‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10831-005-3822-1 [Google Scholar]
  46. Nam, Su-Kyong
    2011 An essay on the meanings of ‘-eojida’: A typological perspective. The Society for Korean Language and Literary Research151. 175–202.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Narrog, Heiko
    2012 Beyond intersubjectification: Textual uses of modality and mood in subordinate clauses as part of speech-act orientation. In Lieselotte Brems , Lobke Ghesquière & Freek van de Velde (eds.), Intersections of intersubjectivity (Special issue of English Text Construction 5(1)), 29–52.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Nedjalkov, Igor
    1993 Causative-passive polysemy of the Manchu-Tungusic -bu/-v(u) . Linguistica Antverpiensa27. 193–202.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. & Sergej J. Jaxontov
    1988 The typology of resultative constructions. In, Vladimir P. Nedjakov (ed.), Typology of resultative constructions, 4–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.12.06ned
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.12.06ned [Google Scholar]
  50. Palmer, Frank Robert
    1979 Modality and the English modals. London: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 1983 Semantic explanations for the syntax of the English modals. In Frank Henry & Barry Richards (eds.), Linguistics categories: Auxiliaries and related puzzles, vol.2: The scope, order and distribution of English auxiliary verbs, 205–217. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi: 10.1007/978‑94‑009‑6992‑6_6
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6992-6_6 [Google Scholar]
  52. 1986 Mood and modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Park, Seong Jong
    1984 (A) study on Korean passive. Seoul: Seoul National University MA thesis.
  54. Park, Jae-Yeon
    2007 On the modal meanings of auxiliary construction ‘-eoji-’. Kwukehak 50 [Korean Linguistics 50]. 269–293.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Rhee, Seongha
    2014 Grammaticalization of causatives and passives and their recent development into stance markers in Korean. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics50(3). 309–337.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Seng, Kwangswu
    1976 Kwuke kancepphitongey tayhaye [About indirect passive in Korean]. Mwunpepyenkwu 3 [Studies on Grammar 3]. 159–182.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Shirai, Yasuhiro & Roger Andersen
    1995 The acquisition of tense/aspect morphology: A prototype account. Language71. 743–762. doi: 10.2307/415743
     https://doi.org/10.2307/415743 [Google Scholar]
  58. Shibatani, Masayoshi
    1985 Passives and related constructions: A prototype analysis. Language61(4). 821–848. doi: 10.2307/414491
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414491 [Google Scholar]
  59. Siewierska, Anna
    1984 The passive: A comparative linguistic analysis. London: Croom Helm.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Solstad, Torgrim & Benjamin Lyngfelt
    2006 Perspectives on demotion: Introduction to the volume. In Benjamin Lyngfelt & Torgrim Solstad (eds.), Demoting the agent: Passive, middle and other voice phenomena (Linguistik Aktuell 96 [Linguistics Today 96]), 1–20Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.96.03sol
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.96.03sol [Google Scholar]
  61. Son, Se-Mo-Dol
    1995 ‘Tita’wa ‘cita’uy uymikochal [Considerations on the meanings of ‘tita’ and ‘cita’]. Hanyangemwun Yenkwu 13 [Hanyang Language and Culture Studies 13]. 997–1018.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. 1996 (A) study of the Korean auxiliary verbs. Seoul: Hankookmunwhasa .
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Song, Jae Jung
    1996 Causatives and causation: A universal typological perspective. London: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Talmy, Leonard
    1985 Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In Timothy Shopen (ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, 57–149. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs
    1989 On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: An example of subjectification in semantic change. Language65. 31–55. doi: 10.2307/414841
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414841 [Google Scholar]
  66. 1995 Subjectification in grammaticalisation. In Dieter Stein & Susan Wright (eds.), Subjectivity and subjectivisation: Linguistic perspectives, 31–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003 [Google Scholar]
  67. 2002 From etymology to historical pragmatics. In Donka Minkova & Robert Stockwell (eds.), Studying the history of the English language: Millennial perspectives, 19–49. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110197143.1.19
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197143.1.19 [Google Scholar]
  68. 2003 From subjectification to intersubjectification. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), Motives for language change, 124–139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486937.009
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486937.009 [Google Scholar]
  69. 2010 (Inter)subjectivity and (inter)subjectification: A reassessment. In Kristine Davidse , Lieven Vandelanotte & Hubert Cuyckens (eds.), Subjectification, intersubjectification and grammaticalization, 29–71. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110226102.1.29
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  70. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Richard B. Dasher
    2002 Regularity in semantic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Ekkehard König
    1991 The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited. In Elizabeth C. Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization, vol.1, 189–218. Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.19.1.10clo
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.19.1.10clo [Google Scholar]
  72. Washio, Ryuichi
    1993 When causatives mean passive: A cross-linguistic perspective. Journal of East Asian Linguistics2. 45–90. doi: 10.1007/BF01440583
     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01440583 [Google Scholar]
  73. Woo, Inhyey
    1997 Wulimalphitongyenkwu [Studies on Korean Passives]. Seoul: Hankwukmwunhwasa.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Yap, Foong Ha & Mikyung Ahn
    2017 Development of grammatical voice marking in Korean: On the causative, middle, and passive uses of suffix -i . Manuscript: School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
  75. Yap, Foong Ha & Shoichi Iwasaki
    2003 From causative to passive: A passage in some East and Southeast Asian languages. In Eugene Casad & Gary Palmer (eds.), Cognitive linguistics and non-Indo-European languages (Cognitive Linguistics Research 18), 419–446. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110197150.10.419
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197150.10.419 [Google Scholar]
  76. Yeon, Jae-Hoon
    1994 Grammatical relation changing constructions in Korean: A functional- typological study. London: University of London doctoral dissertation.
/content/journals/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
Loading
From middle to passive
Diachronica 34, 437 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
/content/journals/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
/content/journals/10.1075/dia.16037.ahn
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): diachrony of voice markers; Korean -eci; middle voice; passive voice; valence-change phenomena

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error