1887
Volume 20, Issue 1
  • ISSN 1598-7647
  • E-ISSN: 2451-909X
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Among the diverse varieties of translation, one is institutional translation, i.e., a type of translation done either in or for a particular institution. In contemporary Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, a large number of social, religious, political, cultural, and artistic works have been translated from Persian into a long array of other languages within such a framework. The implementation of such trans-national projects has involved hundreds of translators/ interpreters, allocation of billions of dollars, and making use of a wide network of international publishers and distributors. Numerous motives could be enumerated for such undertakings; however, the effects of such endeavors appear not to have been addressed in Translation Studies as yet. This research aims at pinpointing the mechanisms of such institutions, in particular relying on concepts such as ideology, hegemony and translational discourse-propagating network to contribute to evaluation of such a phenomenon. To this end, 11 Iranian post-revolutionary institutions with translational agendas were identified, demonstrated to have been following double objectives across the world; ideological identity-based discourse to propagate Islamic revolutionary Shia inclinations as well as to support consolidate the hegemony of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/forum.21021.ema
2022-06-15
2025-01-17
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Âashenāē bā Sāzemān
    Âashenāē bā Sāzemān 2019Islamic Culture and Relations Organization. AccessedJune 15,2019https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-bd&q=سازمان+فرهنگ+و+ارتباطات+اسلا
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Apple, Michael. W.
    2019Ideology and Curriculum, 4th ed. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Âshenāē bā Jāmea
    Âshenāē bā Jāmea 2019murtaza.ir/fa/category/%d8%a7/. AccessedOctober 4, 2019murtaza.ir/fa/
  4. Azarang, Abdolhossein
    2007 Tarjome az Engelisi be Fārsi [Translation from English into Persian] (Zire Nazare Kazem Mousavi- Bojnourdi), xii. InDāyeratolmārefe Bozorge Eslāmi [Greater Encyclopedia of Islam], vol.15, 59–68. Tehran: Markaze Dāyeratolmārefe Bozorge Eslāmi.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. 2015Tārikhe Tarjome dar Irān: Az Dorāne Bāstān tā Pāyāne Asre Qājār [A History of Translation in Iran: From Antiquity to Qajar Period]. Tehran: Enteshārāte Qoqnoos.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baker, Mona
    2006Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. Albington: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203099919
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203099919 [Google Scholar]
  7. Baker, Mona and Sameh. Fekry Hanna
    2013 “Arabic tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker & Gabriela Saldanha, 328–337. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Balay, Christophe and Michel Cuypers
    1983Aux Sources de la Nouvelle Persane. Tehran: Recherche sur les Civilisations, Institut francais d’iranologie de Teheran.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bo, Mengmeng
    2019 Cultural Assimilation and Hegemony: On the Translation of ‘Human Rights’. International Journal of Language and Linguistics7(6): 351–357. 10.11648/j.ijll.20190706.24
    https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190706.24 [Google Scholar]
  10. Calzada Perez, Maria
    (ed.) 2003Apropos of Ideology: Translation Studies on Ideology- Ideologies in Translation Studies. London/New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Darbāreye Dāneshnāmeh
    Darbāreye Dāneshnāmeh 2019 Dāneshnāmeye Jahāne Eslām. AccessedDecember 28, 2019rch.ac.ir
  12. Darbāreye Mā
    Darbāreye Mā 2019 Al-Mostafa International University. AccessedJune 15, 2019www.miu.ac.ir/index.aspx?siteid=4&pageid=1321
  13. Darbāreye Majma
    Darbāreye Majma 2019Taghrib.org. AccessedNovember 19, 2019https://www.taghrib.com/fa
  14. Darbāreye Sāzemān
    Darbāreye Sāzemān 2019Pāyegāhe Etelāresāniye Sedā va Simāye Jomhooriye Eslāmiye Iran. AccessedDecember 28, 2019www.pririb.ir/portal/viewpage/3837
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Emami, Karim
    1994 English: Part V: Translation of English Literature into Persian. Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, edited byEhsan Yarshater, 450–452. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Etemad al-Saltanah, Mohammad. Hasan. Iraj. Afshar
    ed. 1988Almāser val āsār Chehel Sāl Tārikhe Iran [Forty Years of the History of Iran]. Tehran: Entesharat-e Asatir.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fawcett, Peter
    1995 Translation and Power Play. The Translator1(2): 177–192. 10.1080/13556509.1995.10798956
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.1995.10798956 [Google Scholar]
  18. Ghasseminejad, Saeed
    2020 Who runs Iran’s Propaganda Machine Abroad?AccessedNovember 22, 2021. Radiofarda, https://www.en.radiofarda.com
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gouadec, Daniel
    2007Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.73
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.73 [Google Scholar]
  20. Gutas, Dimitri
    1998Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early Abbasid Society (2nd-4th/8th-10th centuries). London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203316276
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203316276 [Google Scholar]
  21. Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil
    2014Literary Translation in Modern Iran: A Sociological Study. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.114
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.114 [Google Scholar]
  22. Hardwick, Lorna
    2003Reception Studies: Greece and Rome (New Surveys in the Classics, no. 33). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hatim, Basil and Ian Mason
    1997The Translator as Communicator. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Holub, Robert. C.
    1984Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hung, Eva and David Polard
    2013 “Chinese tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 369–377. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Inghilleri, Moira
    ed. 2005 Bourdieu and the Sociology of Translation and Interpreting. Special Issue of The Translator 11.2.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. 2013 “Sociological Approaches”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker & Gabriela Saldanha, 279–282. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Introduction. Imam Khomeini Research Institute
    Introduction. Imam Khomeini Research Institute 2019 AccessedOctober 4, 2019www.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/en/
  29. Jaffe, Alexandra
    2010 “Locating Power: Corsican Translators and their Critics”. InCritical Readings in Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker, 263–282. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Jauss, Hans. Robert
    1982Toward an Aesthetic of Reception (trans.T. Bahlti). Brighton: Harvester Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Joseph, Edward
    1999 “Bongah-e Tarjoma wa Nashr-e Ktetab (B. T. N. K.)”. Encyclopaedia Iranica, edited byEhsan Yarshater. Vol. IV (Bayju-Carpets), 351–355. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Kang, Ji-Hae
    2013 “Institutional translation”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 141–145. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Karimi-Hakkak, Ahmad
    1998 Tārikhcheye Tarjomeh dar Iran [origin. A Brief History of Translation in Iran] Translated byMajddodin Keyvani. Motarjem Quaeterly8(29): 52–65.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. 2013 “Persian tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 493–500. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Komissarov, Vilen. Naumovich
    2013 “Russian tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 517–524. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Koshkinen, Kaisa
    2008Translating Institutions: An Ethnographic Study of EU Translation. Manchester: St Jerome.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. 2014 “Institutional Translation: The Art of Government by Translation.” Perspectives Studies in Translatology22(4): 479–492. 10.1080/0907676X.2014.948887
    https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2014.948887 [Google Scholar]
  38. Krishnamurthy, Ramesh
    2013 “Indian tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 449–458. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Majlis Research Center-Home
    Majlis Research Center-Home 2019 Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran. AccessedAugust 8, 2019, https://rc.majlis.ir/en
  40. Mason, Ian
    2010 “Discourse, ideology and translation”. InMona Baker (ed.) Critical Readings in Translation Studies, 83–95. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Milton, John and Paul Bandia
    eds. 2009Agents of Translation. London: Bloomsbury. 10.1075/btl.81
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.81 [Google Scholar]
  42. Moarrefiye Majma
    Moarrefiye Majma 2019 Majmae Jahāniye Ahlol-Bayt Alayhemosalām. AccessedJuly 5, 2019, https://www.ahl-ul-bayt.org
  43. Moarrefiye Sāzemān
    Moarrefiye Sāzemān 2019ido.ir/org/intro. AccessedOctober 4, 2019. ido.ir
  44. Munday, Jeremy
    2016Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, 4th ed. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315691862
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691862 [Google Scholar]
  45. ed. 2009The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203879450
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203879450 [Google Scholar]
  46. Nategh, Homa
    2000Kārnāmeye Farhangiye Farangi dar Iran (1837–1921) [A Cultural Record of the Westerners in Iran (1837–1921). Tehran: Moasseseye Farhagi-honariye Enteshārātiye Moāserpajohān.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Navabi, Davood
    1983Tārikhcheye Tarjomeye Frānse be Fārsi dar Iran az āghāz tā Konoon [A Short History of Translation from French into Persian in Iran: From the Past to the Present]. Tehran: Chāpkhāneye Kāviān.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Obst, Harry and Ruth Harwood Cline
    1990Summary History of Language Services in the U.S. Department of States. New York: Fantom Press. 10.1075/ata.iv.03obs
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ata.iv.03obs [Google Scholar]
  49. Paker, Saliha
    2013 “Turkish tradition”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited byMona Baker and Gabbriela Saldanha, 550–560. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Parsinejad, Iraj
    2007 Tarjome az Zabānhāye Oroopāyi be Fārsi [Translation from European Languages into Persian]. InDāyerattolmārefe Bozorge Eslāmi [Greater Encyclopedia of Islam], vol.15, 234–237. Tehran: Markaze Dāyerattolmārefe Bozorge Eslāmi.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Pym, Anthony
    2006 “On the Social and Cultural in Translation Studies”, InSociological Aspects of Translating and Interpreting, edited byAnthony Pym, Miriam Shelesinger and Zuzana Jetmarova, 1–25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/btl.67.02pym
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.67.02pym [Google Scholar]
  52. Qasemnejad, Mahdi
    2018 Tarjomeh [Translation]. InFarhangnāmeye adabiye Fārsi [Encyclopedia of Persian Literature], edited byHasan Anoosheh, 123–128. Tehran: Sazmane Chap va Enteshārate Vezarate Farhang va Ershade Eslami.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Rolland, Ruth. A.
    1982Translating World Affairs. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Sapiro, Gisele
    2008 Translation and the Field of Publishing: A Commentary on Pierre Bourdieu’s Conservative Revolution in Publishing from a Translation Perspective. Translation Studies1(2):154–167. 10.1080/14781700802113473
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700802113473 [Google Scholar]
  55. 2010 Globalization and Cultural Diversity in the Book Market: The Case of Translation in the US and in France. Poetics38(40): 419–432. 10.1016/j.poetic.2010.05.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.05.001 [Google Scholar]
  56. 2014 Translation as a Weapon in the Struggle against Cultural Hegemony in the Era of Globalization. Bibliodiversity-Translation and Globalization February: 31–40.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Sarafraz, Mohammad
    2018Ravāyyate Yek Estefā: 24 Sāl Modiriyyat dar Resāneye Melli [A Narrative of a Resignation: 24 Years of Management in Iranian Radio & Television]. AccessedFebruary 11, 2020dl.bookiha.ir/PDF%32%30%31%39/Ravayat%2DE%2DYek%2DEstefa%2D%5BBookiha%2Ecom%5D%2Epdf
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Schaffner, Christina
    2012 “Unknown Agents in Translated Political Discorse.” Target24(1), 103–125. 10.1075/target.24.1.07sch
    https://doi.org/10.1075/target.24.1.07sch [Google Scholar]
  59. Smith (Jr.), Datus. C.
    1999 “Franklin Book Program (Moassaseye Enteshareate Franklin)”. InEncyclopaedia Iranica, edited byEhsan YarshaterVol. X (Fisheries- Gindarus), 187–190. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Stubbs, Jack and Bing, Christopher
    2018 “Special report: How Iran spreads disinformation around the world.” Reuters.com. https://www.reuters.com. AccessedNovember 26, 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-iran-specialreport-idUSKCN1NZ1FT
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Svoboda, Tomas, Biel, Lucja, and Loboda, Krzysztof
    2020 (eds.). Quality Aspects in Institutional Translation. Saint Philip Street Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Tahir-Gurcaglar, Sehnaz
    2003 The Translation Bureau Revisited- Translation as Symbol, inMaria Calzada-Perez (ed.) Apropos of Ideology. Manchester: St Jerome, 113–129.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Tārikhcheye Bonyād
    Tārikhcheye Bonyād 2019 Bonyāde Sa’di/Sa’difoundation.ir. AccessedDecember 28, 2019https://sadifoundation.ir/fa/page/
  64. Tarjomāne Wahy
    Tarjomāne Wahy 2019 Moasseseye Farhangiye Tarjomāne Wahy [Tarjomane Wahy Cultural Institute]. AccessedJune 15, 2019cthq.ir/newweb/index.php/2014-10-08-14-03-20/93-2013-10-27-19-09-36/113-2013-
  65. Thompson, John. B.
    2010Merchants of Culture: The Publishing Business in the 21st Century. Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Translation- European Commission
    Translation- European Commission 2019 European Commission Directorate-General for Translation. AccessedAugust 8, 2019https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=translation+service+of+the+commission+of+the+european+union
  67. Tymoczko, Maria
    2014 Cultural Hegemony and the Erosion of Translation Communities. InA Companion to Translation Studies, edited bySandra Bermann and Cathrine Porter, 165–178. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. 10.1002/9781118613504.ch12
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118613504.ch12 [Google Scholar]
  68. Tyulenev, Sergei
    2014Translation and Society: An Introduction. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315775593
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315775593 [Google Scholar]
  69. Wilt, Timothy
    2003Bible Translation: Frames of Reference. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Wolf, Michaela and Alexandra Fukari
    eds. 2007Constructing a Sociology of Translation. Amsterdam: Routledge. 10.1075/btl.74
    https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.74 [Google Scholar]
  71. Wu, Guangjun and Huanyao Zhang
    2015 Translating Political Ideology. Babel61(3), 394–410. 10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua
    https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua [Google Scholar]
  72. Xu, Zong-rui
    2019 A Study of Overseas Publishing Translation from Chinese into Other Languages since 1949 Based on the Index Translation of UNESCO. Shanghai Journal of Translators, 61–67.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/forum.21021.ema
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error