1887
Volume 21, Issue 2-3
  • ISSN 1568-1475
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9773
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The present study examines the roles that the gesture of the Raised Index Finger (RIF) plays in Hebrew multimodal interaction. The study reveals that the RIF is associated with diverse linguistic phenomena and tends to appear in contexts in which the speaker presents a message or speech act that violates the hearer’s expectations (based on either general knowledge or prior discourse). The study suggests that the RIF serves the function of : Speakers point to their message, creating a referent in the extralinguistic context to which they refer as an object of their stance, evaluating the content of the utterance or speech act as unexpected by the hearer, and displaying epistemic authority. Setting up such a frame by which the information is to be interpreted provides the basis for a swifter update of the common ground in situations of (assumed) differences between the assumptions of the speaker and the hearer.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/gest.21001.inb
2023-08-24
2025-02-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aijmer, Karin
    (1986) Why is actually so popular in spoken English?InGunnel Tottie & Ingegard Bäcklund (Eds.), English in speech and writing: a symposium (pp.119–129). Almqvist and Wiksell.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andries, Fien, Meissl, Katharina, de Vries, Clarissa, Feyaerts, Kurt, Oben, Bert, Sambre, Paul, Vermeerbergen, Myriam, & Brône, Geert
    (2023) Multimodal stance-taking in interaction – A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Communication, 8, (2023), 1187977. 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1187977
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1187977 [Google Scholar]
  3. Athanasiadou, Angeliki
    (1990) The discourse functions of questions. Paper presented anThe 9th World Congress of Applied Linguistics, Halkidiki, April, 1990.
  4. Bardenstein, Ruti
    (2018) Intensifying discourse markers and processes of pragmaticalization: The case of Hebrew be’etsem. Paper presented atThe Historical Pragmatics Conference, University of Padua, Italy, February 16–17, 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. (2020) Hebrew afilu “even”: From an unreal conditional phrase to an adverbial discourse marker. Helkat Lashon – A Journal for Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 531, 54–79 [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bardenstein, Ruti & Leon Shor
    (2019) Suspending progressivity – rega “moment” and ʃnija “second”. Helkat Lashon – A Journal for Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 521, 114–133 [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bardenstein, Ruti & Ariel, Mira
    (2019) Hebrew Ela (“but”) in the Mishnah and in Modern Hebrew. Balshanut Ivrit [Hebrew Linguistics], 731, 45–63 [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bressem, Jana & Müller, Cornelia
    (2014) A repertoire of German recurrent gestures with pragmatic functions. InCornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multi-modality in human interaction (Vol.21, pp.1575–1591). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110302028.1575
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110302028.1575 [Google Scholar]
  9. Brinton, Laurel J.
    (2007) The development of I mean: Implications for the study of historical pragmatics. InSusan M. Fitzmaurice & Irma Taavitsainen (Eds.), Methods in historical pragmatics (pp.38–80). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110197822.37
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197822.37 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bühler, Karl
    (1990) Theory of language. The representational function of language. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/fos.25
    https://doi.org/10.1075/fos.25 [Google Scholar]
  11. Burstein, Ruth
    (2005) On Queclaretives. InRuth Burstein (Ed.), A tribute to Itai Zimran (pp. 459–502). David Yellin College of Education [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cienki, Alan
    (2010) Multimodal metaphor analysis. InLynne Cameron & Robert Maslen (Eds.), Metaphor analysis: Research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities (pp.195–214). London: Equinox.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. (2015) Spoken language usage events. Language and Cognition, 71, 499–514. 10.1017/langcog.2015.20
    https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2015.20 [Google Scholar]
  14. (2016) Cognitive linguistics, gesture studies, and multimodal communication. Cognitive Linguistics, 27 (4), 603–618. 10.1515/cog‑2016‑0063
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2016-0063 [Google Scholar]
  15. (2017) Ten lectures on spoken language and gesture from the pespective of cognitive linguistics: Issues of dynamicity and multimodality. Leiden: Brill. 10.1163/9789004336230
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004336230 [Google Scholar]
  16. Clark, Herbert H.
    (2003) Pointing and placing. InSotaro Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp.243–268). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Cooperrider, Kensy
    (2017) Foreground gesture, background gesture. Gesture, 161, 176–202. 10.1075/gest.16.2.02coo
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.02coo [Google Scholar]
  18. (2020) Fifteen ways of looking at a pointing gesture. PsyArXiv. April3. 10.31234/osf.io/2vxft
    https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2vxft [Google Scholar]
  19. Cornish, Francis
    (2011) ‘Strict’ anadeixis, discourse deixis and text structuring, Language Sciences, 33 (5), 753–767. 10.1016/j.langsci.2011.01.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2011.01.001 [Google Scholar]
  20. (2012) Micro-syntax, macro-syntax, foregrounding and backgrounding in discourse – when indexicals target discursively subsidiary information. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 261, 6–34. 10.1075/bjl.26.01cor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/bjl.26.01cor [Google Scholar]
  21. Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth
    (2012) Exploring affiliation in the reception of conversational complaint stories. InAnsi Peräkylä & Marja-Leena Sorjonen (Eds.), Emotion in interaction (pp.113–146). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730735.003.0006
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730735.003.0006 [Google Scholar]
  22. Cuddon, John A.
    (1977) A dictionary of literary terms. London: Andre Deutsch Limited.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Debras, Camille
    (2017) The shrug: Forms and meanings of a compound enactment. Gesture, 16 (1), 1–34. 10.1075/gest.16.1.01deb
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.1.01deb [Google Scholar]
  24. Deroey, Katrien L. B.
    (2015) Marking importance in lectures: Interactive and textual orientation. Applied Linguistics, 36 (1), 51–72. 10.1093/applin/amt029
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt029 [Google Scholar]
  25. Enfield, Nicholas J.
    (2009) The anatomy of meaning speech, gesture, and composite utterances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511576737
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511576737 [Google Scholar]
  26. Fraser, Bruce
    (1999) What are discourse markers?Journal of Pragmatics, 31 (1), 931–955. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(98)00101‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00101-5 [Google Scholar]
  27. Garfinkel, Harold & Wieder, D. Lawrence
    (1992) Two incommensurable, asymmetrically alternate technologies of social analysis. InGraham Watson & Robert M. Seiler (Eds.), Text in context: Contributions to ethnomethodology (pp.175–206). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Goffman, Erving
    (1981) Forms of talk. Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Goodwin, Charles
    (2003) Pointing as situated practice. InSotaro Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp.217–241). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Gvura, Avi & Manor, Rama
    (2013) The discourse marker be’etsem – on television interviews: Structural, cognitive and interactive functions, Helkat Lashon – A Journal for Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, 461, 58–85 [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Harrison, Simon
    (2018) The impulse to gesture: Where language, minds, and bodies intersect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108265065
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108265065 [Google Scholar]
  32. Haviland, John
    (2000) Pointing, gesture spaces, and mental maps. InDavid McNeill (Ed.), Language and gesture (pp.13–46). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511620850.003
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620850.003 [Google Scholar]
  33. Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania
    (2002) World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511613463
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613463 [Google Scholar]
  34. Henrich, Joseph
    (2020) The WEIRDest People in the world: How the west become psychologically peculiar and particularly prosperous. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Henrich, Joseph, Heine, Steven J., & Norenzayan, Ara
    (2010) The weirdest people in the world?Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33 (2–3), 61–83. 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X [Google Scholar]
  36. Heritage, John
    (2012) Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 451, 1–25. 10.1080/08351813.2012.646684
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.646684 [Google Scholar]
  37. Heritage, John & Raymond, Geoffrey T.
    (2005) The terms of agreement: Indexing epistemic authority and subordination in talk-ininteraction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 68 (1), 15–38. 10.1177/019027250506800103
    https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250506800103 [Google Scholar]
  38. Hinnell, Jennifer
    (2018) The multimodal marking of aspect: The case of five periphrastic auxiliary constructions in North American English. Cognitive Linguistics, 29 (4), 773–806. 10.1515/cog‑2017‑0009
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2017-0009 [Google Scholar]
  39. Ilie, Cornelia
    (2001) Semi-institutional discourse: The case of talk shows. Journal of Pragmatics, 331, 209–254. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(99)00133‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00133-2 [Google Scholar]
  40. Inbar, Anna
    . (forthcoming). Contrastive Negation constructions in Israeli Hebrew: A multimodal approach. InMirjam Fried, Kiki Nikoforidou, Alexander Bergs, & Elisabeth Zima Eds. Constructional analysis in multimodal perspective. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Inbar, Anna & Maschler, Yael
    (2023) Shared knowledge as an account for disaffiliative moves: Hebrew ki ‘because’-clauses accompanied by the Palm Up Open Hand gesture. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 56 (2), 141–164. 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205302
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2023.2205302 [Google Scholar]
  42. Jehoul, Annelies, Brône, Greert, & Feyaerts, Kurt
    (2017) The shrug as marker of obviousness. Corpus evidence from Duch face-to-face conversations. Linguistics Vanguard, spesial issue, 3(s1). 10.1515/lingvan‑2016‑0082
    https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2016-0082 [Google Scholar]
  43. Karttunen, Frances & Karttunen, Lauri
    (1977) Even questions. InJudy A. Kegl, David Nash, & Annie E. Zaenen (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Linguistic Society (pp.115–134). Cambridge, Mass.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Karttunen, Lauri & Peters, Stanley
    (1979) Conventional implicature. InChoon Kyu Oh & David A. Dineen (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol.111, pp.1–56). New York: New York Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Kendon, Adam
    (1967) Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction. Acta Psychologica, 261, 22–63. 10.1016/0001‑6918(67)90005‑4
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(67)90005-4 [Google Scholar]
  46. (2004) Gesture: Visual action as utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511807572
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807572 [Google Scholar]
  47. (2017) Pragmatic functions of gestures. Some observations on the history of their study and their nature. Gesture, 16 (2), 157–176. 10.1075/gest.16.2.01ken
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.01ken [Google Scholar]
  48. Kita, Sotaro
    (2003) Pointing: A foundational building block of human communication. InSotaro Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp.1–8). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 10.4324/9781410607744‑5
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607744-5 [Google Scholar]
  49. König, Ekkehard
    (1991) The meaning of focus particles: A comparative perspective. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Ladewig, Silva H.
    (2014) Recurrent gestures. InCornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke, Silva H. Ladewig, David McNeill, & Jana Bressem (Eds.), Body – language – communication: An international handbook on multi-modality in human interaction (Vol. 21, pp.1558–1574). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Lampert, Martina
    (2013) Say, be like, quote (unquote), and the air-quotes: Interactive quotatives and their multimodal implications. English Today, 29 (4), 45–56. 10.1017/S026607841300045X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S026607841300045X [Google Scholar]
  52. Le Guen, Olivier
    (2011) Modes of pointing to existing spaces and the use of frames of reference. Gesture, 11 (3), 271–307. 10.1075/gest.11.3.02leg
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.11.3.02leg [Google Scholar]
  53. Macaulay, Ronald K. S.
    (1995) The adverbs of authority. English World-Wide, 161, 37–60. 10.1075/eww.16.1.03mac
    https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.16.1.03mac [Google Scholar]
  54. Maschler, Yael
    (1998) Rotse lishmoa keta? “Wanna hear something weird/funny [lit. ‘a segment’]?”: The discourse markers segmenting Israeli Hebrew talk-in-interaction. InAndreas H. Jucker & Yael Ziv (Eds.), Discourse markers: Descriptions and theory (pp. 13–59). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.57.04mas
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.57.04mas [Google Scholar]
  55. McNeill, David
    (1992) Hand and mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. (2018) Recurrent gestures: How the mental reflects the social. Gesture, 17 (2), 229–244. 10.1075/gest.18012.mcn
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.18012.mcn [Google Scholar]
  57. McNeill, David, Cassell, Justine, & Levy, Elena T.
    (1993) Abstract deixis. Semiotica. 95 (1/2), 5–9. 10.1515/semi.1993.95.1‑2.5
    https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1993.95.1-2.5 [Google Scholar]
  58. Mittelberg, Irene & Waugh, Linda R.
    (2009) Metonymy first, metaphor second: A cognitive-semiotic approach to multimodal figures of thought in co-speech gesture. InCharles J. Forceville & Eduardo Urios-Aparisi (Eds.), Multimodal metaphor (pp. 329–358). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110215366.5.329
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110215366.5.329 [Google Scholar]
  59. Müller, Cornelia
    (2017) How recurrent gestures mean: Conventionalized contexts-of-use and embodied motivation. Gesture, 16 (2), 276–303. 10.1075/gest.16.2.05mul
    https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.05mul [Google Scholar]
  60. Newman, Gil, Inbar, Anna, & Shor, Leon
    (2023) “Cutting off” inappropriate formulations: A disalignment practice in Hebrew face-to-face interaction. Paper presented at the18th International Pragmatics Conference (IPrA), Brussels, July, 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Palmquist, Carolyn M. & Jaswal, Vikram K.
    (2012) Preschoolers expect pointers (even ignorant ones) to be knowledgeable. Psychological Science, 23 (3), 230–231. 10.1177/0956797611427043
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611427043 [Google Scholar]
  62. Palmquist, Carolyn M., Burns, Heather E., & Jaswal, Vikram K.
    (2012) Pointing disrupts preschoolers’ ability to discriminate between knowledgeable and ignorant informants. Cognitive Development, 271, 54–63. 10.1016/j.cogdev.2011.07.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2011.07.002 [Google Scholar]
  63. Prévost, Sophie
    (2011) À propos from verbal complement to discourse marker: A case of grammaticalization?Linguistics, 49 (2), 391–413. 10.1515/ling.2011.012
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2011.012 [Google Scholar]
  64. Rooth, Mats
    (1985) Association with focus. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. (1992) A theory of focus interpretation. Natural Language Semantics, 11, 75–116. 10.1007/BF02342617
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02342617 [Google Scholar]
  66. Schegloff, Emanuel A.
    (1996) Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. InElinor Ochs, Emanuel A. Schegloff, & Sandra A. Tompson (Eds.), Interaction and grammar (pp.52–133). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002 [Google Scholar]
  67. Scherer, Klaus R.
    (2001) Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. InKlaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, & Tom Johstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp.92–120). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Schmidt-Radefeldt, Jürgen
    (1977) On so-called rhetorical questions. Journal of Pragmatics, 11, 375–392. 10.1016/0378‑2166(77)90029‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(77)90029-7 [Google Scholar]
  69. Schwenter, Scott & Traugott, Elizabeth C.
    (2000) Invoking scalarity: the development of in fact. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 11, 7–25. 10.1075/jhp.1.1.04sch
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.1.04sch [Google Scholar]
  70. Scott, Suzanne
    (2002) Linguistic feature variation within disagreements: An empirical investigation. Text, 22 (2), 301–328.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Shor, Leon & Inbar, Anna
    (2019) The meaning of zehu in spoken Israeli Hebrew: a corpus-based analysis of its interjectional function. Scandinavian Language Studies, 101, 131–151. 10.7146/sss.v10i1.114675
    https://doi.org/10.7146/sss.v10i1.114675 [Google Scholar]
  72. Shor, Leon & Marmorstein, Michal
    . (2022). The embodied modification of formulations: The Quoting Gesture (QG) in Israeli-Hebrew discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 1921, 22–40. 10.1016/j.pragma.2022.01.019
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2022.01.019 [Google Scholar]
  73. Silvia, Paul J.
    (2005) What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest. Emotion, 51, 89–102. 10.1037/1528‑3542.5.1.89
    https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.89 [Google Scholar]
  74. (2006) Exploring the psychology of interest. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  75. (2008) Interest – the curious emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 171, 57–60. 10.1111/j.1467‑8721.2008.00548.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00548.x [Google Scholar]
  76. (2009) Looking past pleasure: Anger, confusion, disgust, pride, surprise, and other unusual aesthetic emotions. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3 (1), 48–51. 10.1037/a0014632
    https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014632 [Google Scholar]
  77. Simons, Ronald S.
    (1996) Boo! Culture, experience, and the startle reflex. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Streeck, Jürgen & Hartage, Ulrike
    (1992) Previews: gestures at the transition place. InPeter Auer & Aldo Di Luzio (Eds.), The contextualization of language (pp.135–157). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.22.10str
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.22.10str [Google Scholar]
  79. Stukenbrock, Anja
    (2014) Pointing to an “empty” space: Deixis am Phantasma in face-to-face interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 741, 70–93. 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.08.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.08.001 [Google Scholar]
  80. Sweetser, Eve
    (1998) Regular metaphoricity in gesture: Bodily-based models of speech interaction. Actes du 16e Congrès International des Linguistes (CD-ROM). Oxford: Elsevier Sciences.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Thornborrow, Joanna
    (2007) Narrative, opinion and situated argument in talk show discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 391, 1436–1453. 10.1016/j.pragma.2007.04.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.04.001 [Google Scholar]
  82. Timberg, Bernard M.
    (2002) Television talk: A history of the TV talkshow. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 10.7560/781757
    https://doi.org/10.7560/781757 [Google Scholar]
  83. Tognini-Bonelli, Elena
    (2001) Corpus linguistics at work. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/scl.6
    https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.6 [Google Scholar]
  84. Traugott, Elizabeth C.
    (1999) From subjectification to intersubjectification. Paper presented at the Workshop on Historical Pragmatics. 14th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Vancouver, August 1999.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. (2003) From subjectification to intersubjectification. InRaymond Hickey (Ed.), Motives for language change (pp.124–139). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486937.009
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486937.009 [Google Scholar]
  86. (2010) (Inter)subjectivity and (Inter)subjectification: A reassessment. InKristin Davidse, Lieven Vandelotte, & Hubert Cuyckens (Eds.), Subjectification, Intersubjectification and grammaticalization (pp.29–71). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110226102.1.29
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  87. Traugott, Elizabeth C.
    (2022) Discourse structuring markers in English. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cal.33
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.33 [Google Scholar]
  88. Wang, Zhong, Fan, Weiwei, & Fang, Alex C.
    (2022) Lexical input in the grammatical expression of stance: a collexeme analysis of the introductory it pattern. Frontiers in Psychology, 121, 762000. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.762000
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.762000 [Google Scholar]
  89. Wilkins, David
    (2003) Why pointing with the index finger is not a universal (in sociocultural and semiotic terms). InSotaro Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp.171–216). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Wittgenstein, Ludwig
    (1953) Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Zima, Elisabeth & Bergs, Alexander
    (2017) Introduction: Multimodality and construction grammar. Linguistics Vanguard, 3 (s1). 10.1515/lingvan‑2016‑1006
    https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2016-1006 [Google Scholar]
  92. Zimmermann, Malte
    (2008) Contrastive focus and emphasis. Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 55 (3–4), 347–360. 10.1556/ALing.55.2008.3‑4.9
    https://doi.org/10.1556/ALing.55.2008.3-4.9 [Google Scholar]
  93. Zussman, Ofir
    (2016) Uses of the particle davka in Modern Hebrew. Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects, 781, 334–350 [in Hebrew].
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/gest.21001.inb
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/gest.21001.inb
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error