1887
Volume 16, Issue 3
  • ISSN 0302-5160
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9781
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Abstract

SUMMARYThis article attempts to rehabilitate Hugo Schuchardt (1842-1927) as a general linguist. It tries to show that the many polemics of his take all their source in a rejection of a reifying vision of language, be it his critique of the 'organicist conceptibn of language' (largely associated with the work of August Schleicher), of the 'blind action of phonetic laws concerning any given dialect' (a position held by the Neogrammarians), or of the Saussu-rean dichotomies. Instead, Schuchardt prefers a conception of language as a dynamic activity in which the individual and society as well as the mixture of languages play a central part. As a result, Schuchardt's interest in and focus on (what appeared to many of his contemporaries as) marginal phenomena (creoles, pidgins, language contacts, universal language) is not a matter of accident, but directly related to his permanent and rigorous questioning of the dominant tenets in the field, a position he thought to be essential to any progress in linguistic science.RÉSUMÉOn s'est attaché ä rectifier l'image d'un grand linguiste pour qui la postérité s'est montré injuste en lui déniant toute perspective de linguistique générale. Nous cherchons au contraire ä prouver que chez Hugo Schuchardt (1842-1927) ses différentes polémiques menées successivement contre la 'conception organiciste de la langue (Schleicher), la soi-disant 'action aveugle des lois phonétiques dans le cadre d'un dialecte déterminé' (néogrammairiens), les dichotomies saussuriennes trouvent leur source dans le refus d'une vision réïfiante de la langue au profit d'une vision dynamique du langage conçu comme activité oü l'individu et le mélange des langues occupe une place, centrale. Dès lors, l'intérêt de Schuchardt pour les phénomènes marginaux (créoles, pidgins, contacts de langues, langue universelle ...) n'est pas fortuit; il vient ä l'appui de sa linguistique générale et vient nourrir un débat permanent contre les linguistiques dominantes, débat exigeant qu'il estime être la condition essentielle du progrès scientifique.

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/content/journals/10.1075/hl.16.3.06bag
1989-01-01
2024-12-03
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  • Article Type: Research Article
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