1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Historiographia Linguistica
  4. Volume 44, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 44, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0302-5160
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9781
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Once the need to learn a language arises, grammatical instructional manuals evolve from descriptive grammars of that language. Language description involves the uncovering of the rules of the language from collected data, and teaching those rules is the reason grammatical manuals exist. The most comprehensive descriptive grammar of Arabic is Sībawayhi’s (d. ca.161–94 AH/777–810 A.D.). He includes the rules of Arabic as he deduced them from the language of the Arabs. As time passed and the need to learn Arabic increased, many grammarians started to write grammatical manuals for beginners. Sībawayhi’s monumental work was too speculative and highly theoretical for this task and was never suitable for instruction. The descriptiveness of Sībawayhi’s needed to morph into a more approachable grammar. Zağğāğī’s (d. ca.337–340/948–951) and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s (d.469/1077) are two instructional manuals that are concise and more suitable for beginners. This study examines how pedagogy in Zağğāğī’s and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s evolved from the descriptive rules of Sībawayhi’s through a careful analysis of “exception” rules presented by each grammarian in this study. Although the rules are essentially the same in all three books, presentation and description or lack thereof are sufficiently different illustrating their distinct objectives.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/hl.44.1.04zab
2017-07-21
2024-10-03

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/hl.44.1.04zab
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Astarābāḏī, Šarḥ al-Raḍī = Raḍī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al- Astarābāḏī, Šarḥ al-Raḍī ʿalā Kāfiyat Ibn al-Ḥāǧib Ed. by ʿAbd al-ʿĀl Sālim Makram. Vol.II. Cairo: ʿĀlam al-Kutub 2000.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Baġdādī, Ḫizāna = ʿAbd al-Qādir b. ʿUmar al- Baġdādī, Ḫizānat al-ʾAdab wa-Lubb Lubāb Lisān al-ʿArab Ed. by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn.Vol.I. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī li-l-Ṭibāʿa wa-l-Našr [1967?].
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Baṭalyawsī, Ḥulal = ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad b. al-Sīd al- Baṭalyawsī, Kitāb al-Ḥulal fī ʾIṣlāḥ al-Ḫalal min Kitāb al-Ǧumal Ed. by Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Karīm Saʿʿūdī. Beirut: Dār al-Ṭalīʿa li-l-Ṭibāʿa wa-l-Našr 1980.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Ibn ʾAbī al-Rabīʿ, Basīṭ = ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʾAḥmad Ibn ʾAbī al-Rabīʿ, al-Basīṭ fī Šarḥ Ǧumal al-Zaǧǧāǧī Ed. by ʿAyyād b. ʿĪd al-Ṯabītī. Vol.I. Beirut: Dār al-Ġarb al-ʾIslāmī 1986.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ibn al-ʾAnbārī, ʾInṣāf = ʾAbū al-Barakāt Ibn al-ʾAnbārī, al-ʾInṣāf fī Masāʾil al-Ḫilāf bayna al-Baṣriyyīn wa-l-Kūfiyyīn Ed. by Jawda Mabrūk Muḥammad Mabrūk. Cairo: Maktabat al-Ḫānjī 2002.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Ibn Bābašāḏ, Muḥsiba = Ṭāhir b. ʾAḥmad Ibn Bābašāḏ, Šarḥ al-Muqaddima al-Muḥsiba Ed. by Ḫālid ʿAbd al-Karīm. 2vols.Kuwait: (no pub.), 1976–1977.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Ibn Bābašāḏ, Naḥwiyya = Ṭāhir b. ʾAḥmad Ibn Bābašāḏ, Šarḥ al-Muqaddima al-Naḥwiyya Ed. by Muḥammad ʾAbū al-Futūḥ Šarīf. 2vols. (n.p.): Dār al-Zahrāʾ li-l-Ṭibāʿa wa-l-Našr 1978.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Ibn Bābašāḏ, Muqaddima = Ṭāhir b. ʾAḥmad Ibn Bābašāḏ, Kitāb al-Muqaddima al-Muḥsiba fī al-Naḥw. Copied by ʿAbd al-Muʾmin ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥabašī. Mss. n. 6427. Riyadh: Ǧāmiʿat al-ʾImām Muḥammad b. Suʿūd al-ʾIslāmiyya. Location: London & Cairo: Muʾassasat ʿIlm (al-Maktabah al-Dawliyya li-l-Maḫṭūṭāt al-ʾIslāmiyya), ca.12th century.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Ibn Ḥamza, Ḥāṣir = Yaḥya Ibn Ḥamza, al-Ḥāṣir li-Fawāʾid Muqaddimat Ṭāhir fī ʿIlm Ḥaqāʾiq al-ʾIʿrāb Ed. by Muḥammad Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Ḥinṭāya. Sanaa: Markaz ʿUbādī li-l-Dirāsāt wa-l-Našr 2007.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Ibn Ḫarūf, Šarḥ = ʿAlī b. Muḥammad Ibn Ḫarūf, Šarḥ Ǧumal al-Zaǧǧāǧī Ed. by Salwā Muḥammad ʿUmar ʿArab. Vol.I. Mecca: Ǧāmiʿat ʾUmm al-Qurā, 1419 AH [1998–1999 A.D.].
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Ibn Mālik, Tashīl = Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh Ibn Mālik, Šarḥ al-Tashīl Ed. by ʿAbdulraḥmān al-Sayyid and Muḥammad Badawī al-Maḫtūn. Vol.II. Cairo: Haǧr li-l-Ṭibāʿa wa-l-Našr wa-l-Tawzīʿ wa-l-ʾIʿlān 1990.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ibn Yaʿīš, Mufaṣṣal = Muwaffaq al-Dīn Yaʿīš b. ʿAlī Ibn Yaʿīš, Šarḥ al-Mufaṣṣal. Vol.II. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub [1970].
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Qifṭī, ʾInbāh = Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qifṭī, ʾInbāh al-Ruwāt ʿalā ʾAnbāh al-Nuḥat Ed. by Muḥammad ʾAbū al-Faḍl ʾIbrāhīm. 4vols.Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya 1952.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Sībawayhi, Kitāb = ʾAbū Bišr Sībawayhi, al-Kitāb Ed. by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn. 5vols.Cairo: Maktabat al-Ḫānjī 1988.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Zaǧǧāǧī, Ğumal = ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b.ʾIsḥāq al-Zaǧǧāǧī, al-Ğumal: Précis de Grammaire Arabe Ed. by Mohammed Ben Cheneb . 2nd ed.Paris: C. Klincksieck 1957.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Zamaḫšarī, Kaššāf = Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-Zamaḫšarī, al-Kaššāf ʿan Ḥaqāʾiq Ġawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl wa-ʿUyūn al-ʾAqāwīl fī Wujūh al-Taʾwīl Ed. by Muṣṭafā Ḥusayn ʾAḥmad. Vol.III. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-ʾIstiqāma 1953
     [Google Scholar]
  17. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Ḫālid
    1976–1977 See Ibn Bābašāḏ, Muḥsiba .
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Baalbaki, Ramzi
    1995 “Reclassification in Arab Grammatical Theory”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies54:1.1–13. doi: 10.1086/373717
     https://doi.org/10.1086/373717 [Google Scholar]
  19. 2005 “Theoretical Coherency versus Pedagogical Attainability: The conscious bias of Arab grammarians”. Alttagsleben und materielle Kultur in der arabischen Sprache und Literatur: Festschrift für Heinz Grotzfeld zum 70. Geburtstaged. by Thomas Bauer & Ulrike Stehli-Werbeck , 39–68. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 2008 The Legacy of the “Kitāb”: Sībawayhi’s analytical methods within the context of the Arabic grammatical theory. Leiden: Brill. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004168138.i‑338
     https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004168138.i-338 [Google Scholar]
  21. Carter, Michael G.
    1972 “‘Twenty Dirhams’ in the Kitāb of Sībawayhi”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies35:3.485–496. doi: 10.1017/S0041977X00121123
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00121123 [Google Scholar]
  22. 1975 “A Note on Classical Exceptive Sentences”. Journal of Semitic Studies20.69–72. doi: 10.1093/jss/XX.1.69
     https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/XX.1.69 [Google Scholar]
  23. 1985 “When Did the Arabic Word Naḥw First Come to Denote Grammar?” Language and Communication5:4.265–272. doi: 10.1016/0271‑5309(85)90021‑7
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(85)90021-7 [Google Scholar]
  24. 2004 Sībawayhi. London & New York: I. B. Tauris.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 2005 “Sībawayhi.” Dictionary of Literary Biography Volume 311: Arabic Literary Culture, 500–925ed. by Michael Cooperson and Shawkat M. Toorawa , 325–331. Detroit: Thomson Gale.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Dik, Simon C.
    1989 “Functional Grammar and its Relevance to Grammar Writing”. Reference Grammars and Modern Linguistic Theoryed. by Gottfried Graustein & Gerhard Leitner , 33–55. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. doi: 10.1515/9783111354590.33
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111354590.33 [Google Scholar]
  27. Dirven, René
    1989 “Cognitive Linguistics and Pedagogic Grammar”. Reference Grammars and Modern Linguistic Theoryed. by Gottfried Graustein & Gerhard Leitner , 56–75. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. doi: 10.1515/9783111354590.56
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111354590.56 [Google Scholar]
  28. Greenberg, Joseph H.
    1968 Anthropological Linguistics: An introduction. New York: Random House.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hārūn, ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad
    1988 See Sībawayhi, Al-Kitāb .
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ḥasan, ʿAbbās
    1968 Al-Naḥw al-Wāfī. Vol.II. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Lehmann, Christian
    1989 “Language Description and General Comparative Grammar”. Reference Grammars and Modern Linguistic Theoryed. by Gottfried Graustein & Gerhard Leitner , 133–162. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. doi: 10.1515/9783111354590.133
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111354590.133 [Google Scholar]
  32. Newmeyer, Frederick J.
    1978 “Prescriptive Grammar: A reappraisal”. Approaches to Language: Anthropological Issuesed. by William C. McCormack & Stephen A. Wurm , 581–593. The Hague: Mouton. doi: 10.1515/9783110800036.581
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110800036.581 [Google Scholar]
  33. Owens, Jonathan
    1993 “Arabic Syntactic Theory”. Syntax: An international handbook of contemporary researched. by Joachim Jacobs , Arnim von Stechow , Wolfgang Sternefeld & Theo Vennemann , Vol.I, 208–215. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Šarīf, Muḥammad ʾAbū al-Futūḥ
    1978 See Ibn Bābašāḏ, Naḥwiyya .
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Tomlin, Russell S.
    1994 “Functional Grammars, Pedagogical Grammars, and Communicative Language Teaching”. Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammared. by Terence Odlin , 140–178. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524605.009
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524605.009 [Google Scholar]
  36. Sezgin, Fuat
    1984 Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. BandIX: Grammatik. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Widdowson, Henry G.
    1991 “The Description and Prescription of Language”. Georgetown University Round Table of Languages and Linguistics 1991ed. by James E. Alatis , 11–24. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Versteegh, Cornelis H. M.
    1977 Greek Elements in Arabic Linguistic Thinking. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/hl.44.1.04zab
Loading
  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error