1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research
  4. Volume 7, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 7, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2215-1478
  • E-ISSN: 2215-1486
PDF

Abstract

Abstract

The present study aims to explore the applicability of automatic analysis to L2-Korean learner corpora, with a special focus on learners’ use of a clause-level construction. For this purpose, we investigate L1-Mandarin L2-Korean learners’ written production of two passive construction types in Korean – suffixal and periphrastic – by devising a pattern-extraction process through NLP techniques. We focus on reporting how the passive constructions are identified and extracted from learner writing automatically, given language-specific features involving the passive. A total of 72 essays were analysed by adapting an existing pipeline (developed by Shin, forthcoming), with enhanced tokenisation and annotation through manual revision of the data. Results showed that our automatic pattern-finder identified more instances than manual extraction for the suffixal passive and yielded a perfect match with manual extraction for the periphrastic passive. Implications of the findings are discussed in regard to strengths and drawbacks of the automatic analysis of learner writing, with suggestions for improving currently available tools for learner corpus research in Korean.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Available under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
2021-03-01
2023-09-26

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijlcr.20002.shi.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abbot-Smith, K. , Chang, F. , Rowland, C. , Ferguson, H. , & Pine, J.
    (2017) Do two and three year old children use an incremental first-NP-as-agent bias to process active transitive and passive sentences?: A permutation analysis. PloS one, 12(10), e0186129. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0186129
     https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186129 [Google Scholar]
  2. Bang, D.-S.
    (2014) hankwuke kokup haksupcauy ssukiey nathananun hancae olyu pwunsek [A study of sino-Korean errors found in advanced Korean learners]. kwukhakyenkwulonchong, 14, 1–21.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bestgen, Y. , & Granger, S.
    (2014) Quantifying the development of phraseological competence in L2 English writing: An automated approach. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26, 28–41. doi:  10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.004
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.004 [Google Scholar]
  4. Biber, D. , Conrad, S. , & Cortes, V.
    (2004) If you look at…: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 371–405. doi:  10.1093/applin/25.3.371
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/25.3.371 [Google Scholar]
  5. Biber, D. , Gray, B. , & Poonpon, K.
    (2011) Should we use characteristics of conversation to measure grammatical complexity in L2 writing development?. TESOL Quarterly, 45(1), 5–35. doi:  10.1002/(ISSN)1545‑7249
     https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1545-7249 [Google Scholar]
  6. Birjandi, P. , Maftoon, P. , & Rahemi, J.
    (2011) VanPatten’s processing instruction: Links to the acquisition of English passive structure by Iranian EFL learners. European Journal of Science Research, 64(4), 598–609.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Brooks, P. J. , & Tomasello, M.
    (1999) Young children learn to produce passives with nonce verbs. Developmental Psychology, 35, 29–44. doi:  10.1037/0012‑1649.35.1.29
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  8. Cho, S. , & Park, Y.
    (2018) Sheffield tayhakkyo hankwuke haksupcauy cakmwun thukseng pwunsek [Characteristics of Korean language writing by students at the University of Sheffield]. cakmwunyenkwu, 38, 149–172. doi:  10.31565/korrow.2018.38..006
     https://doi.org/10.31565/korrow.2018.38..006 [Google Scholar]
  9. Cho, Y.
    (2019) The effects of writing prompt types on L2 learners’ writing strategy use and performance. Studies in English Language & Literature, 45(3), 295–314. doi:  10.21559/aellk.2019.45.3.013
     https://doi.org/10.21559/aellk.2019.45.3.013 [Google Scholar]
  10. Choi, B.-S.
    (2018) oykwukin yuhaksaynguy kwanhyengcel silhyen yangsang yenkwu – cakmwun calyolul cwungsimulo [A study on the aspects of the Korean adnominal clause of overseas students – focused on using writing]. hanmincokemwunhak, 79, 61–95. doi:  10.31821/HEM.79.3
     https://doi.org/10.31821/HEM.79.3 [Google Scholar]
  11. Choi, J. D. , & Palmer, M.
    (2011, October). Statistical dependency parsing in Korean: From corpus generation to automatic parsing. In D. Seddah , R. Tsarfaty , & J. Foster (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically-Rich Languages (pp.1–11). Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Choo, M. , & Kwak, H.-Y.
    (2008) Using Korean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139168496
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139168496 [Google Scholar]
  13. Chun, J. , Han, N.-R. , Hwang, J. D. , & Choi, J. D.
    (2018) Building Universal Dependency Treebanks in Korean. In N. Calzolari , K. Choukri , C. Cieri , T. Declerck , S. Goggi , K. Hasida , H. Isahara , B. Maegaard , J. Mariani , H. Mazo , A. Moreno , J. Odijk , S. Piperidis , & T. Tokunaga (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018). European Language Resources Association.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Crossley, S. A. , Kyle, K. , & McNamara, D. S.
    (2016) The development and use of cohesive devices in L2 writing and their relations to judgments of essay quality. Journal of Second Language Writing, 32, 1–16. doi:  10.1016/j.jslw.2016.01.003
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.01.003 [Google Scholar]
  15. Cui, Y. , & Wang, J.
    (2018) cwungkwukin haksupcatuluy pocoyongen sayongyangsang kochal – cakmwun pwunsekul thonghan sayongpinto cosa mich olyu pwunsek [Exploring the use of Korean auxiliary verbs among Chinese learners]. Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language, 51, 175–202. doi:  10.21716/TKFL.51.175
     https://doi.org/10.21716/TKFL.51.175 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dąbrowska, E. , & Street, J.
    (2006) Individual differences in language attainment: Comprehension of passive sentences by native and non-native English speakers. Language Sciences, 28(6), 604–615. doi:  10.1016/j.langsci.2005.11.014
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2005.11.014 [Google Scholar]
  17. de Felice, R. , & Pulman, S.
    (2009) Automatic detection of preposition errors in learner writing. Calico Journal, 26(3), 512–528. doi:  10.1558/cj.v26i3.512‑528
     https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v26i3.512-528 [Google Scholar]
  18. de Haan, P.
    (2000) Tagging non-native English with the TOSCA–ICLE tagger. In C. Mair & M. Hundt (Eds.), Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory (pp.69–79). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. de Mönnink, I.
    (2000) Parsing a learner corpus. In C. Mair & M. Hundt (Eds.), Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory (pp.81–90). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Ellis, N. C. , & Ferreira-Junior, F.
    (2009) Construction learning as a function of frequency, frequency distribution, and function. The Modern Language Journal, 93(3), 370–385. doi:  10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2009.00896.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00896.x [Google Scholar]
  21. Gablasova, D. , Brezina, V. , & McEnery, T.
    (2017) Collocations in corpus-based language learning research: identifying, comparing, and interpreting the evidence. Language Learning, 67(S1), 155–179. doi:  10.1111/lang.12225
     https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12225 [Google Scholar]
  22. Gilquin, G.
    (2008) Hesitation markers among EFL learners: Pragmatic deficiency or difference. In J. Romero-Trillo (Ed.), Pragmatics and corpus linguistics: A mutualistic entente (pp.119–149). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Goldberg, A. E.
    (1995) Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. (2006) Constructions at work: The nature of generalization in language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Han, C. H. , & Palmer, M.
    (2005) A morphological tagger for Korean: Statistical tagging combined with corpus-based morphological rule application. Machine Translation, 18(4), 275–297. doi:  10.1007/s10590‑004‑7693‑4
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-004-7693-4 [Google Scholar]
  26. Haspelmath, M.
    (1990) The grammaticization of passive morphology. Studies in Language, 14(1), 25–72. doi:  10.1075/sl.14.1.03has
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.1.03has [Google Scholar]
  27. Hinkel, E.
    (2004) Tense, aspect and the passive voice in L1 and L2 academic texts. Language Teaching Research, 8(1), 5–29. doi:  10.1191/1362168804lr132oa
     https://doi.org/10.1191/1362168804lr132oa [Google Scholar]
  28. Huang, Y. T. , Zheng, X. , Meng, X. , & Snedeker, J.
    (2013) Children’s assignment of grammatical roles in the online processing of Mandarin passive sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(4), 589–606. doi:  10.1016/j.jml.2013.08.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2013.08.002 [Google Scholar]
  29. Huh, C.-G.
    (2018) cwungkwukin haksupcauy kulssukiey nathanan hankwuke eswunuy haksup yangsang [The aspects of learning word order of Korean language of Chinese learners]. tonamemwunhak, 34, 255–290. doi:  10.17056/donam.2018.34..255
     https://doi.org/10.17056/donam.2018.34..255 [Google Scholar]
  30. Izumi, S. , & Lakshmanan, U.
    (1998) Learnability, negative evidence and the L2 acquisition of the English passive. Second Language Research, 14(1), 62–101. doi:  10.1191/026765898675700455
     https://doi.org/10.1191/026765898675700455 [Google Scholar]
  31. Jeong, H.
    (2014) Processing and acquisition of Korean passive voice by Chinese L2 learners. hankwuke kyoyuk [Korean Education], 25(2), 165–186.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Ju, M. K.
    (2000) Overpassivization errors by second language learners: The effect of conceptualizable agents in discourse. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22(1), 85–111. doi:  10.1017/S0272263100001042
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100001042 [Google Scholar]
  33. Kim, H. , & Rah, Y.
    (2016) Effects of verb semantics and proficiency in second language use of constructional knowledge. The Modern Language Journal, 100(3), 716–731. doi:  10.1111/modl.12345
     https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12345 [Google Scholar]
  34. Kim, H. , Shin, G.-H. , & Hwang, H.
    (2020) Integration of verbal and constructional information in the Second Language processing of English dative constructions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(4), 825–847. doi:  10.1017/S0272263119000743
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263119000743 [Google Scholar]
  35. Kim, H.-G. , Kang, B.-M. , & Hong, J.
    (2007) 21seyki seycongkyeyhoyk hyentaykwuke kichomalmwungchi sengkwawa cenmang [21st century Sejong modern Korean corpora: Results and expectations]. InKorean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers (Ed.), Proceedings of Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology 31 (pp.311–316). Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kim, J. Y. , Park, Y. H. , Kim, M. J. , Kim, H. N. , Choi, S. K. , Suh, J. H. , & Kwak, Y. J.
    (2016) hankwuke haksupcauy cakmwun malmwungchilul hwalyonghan mwunhyeng yonglyey kemsaykki kaypal yenkwu [A study of developing usage searcher of grammar pattern in the Korean learner’s writing corpus]. Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language, 44, 131–155. doi:  10.21716/TKFL.44.5
     https://doi.org/10.21716/TKFL.44.5 [Google Scholar]
  37. Kim, S. J. , & Kim, S. H.
    (2013) yeseng kyelhonimincauy kwueey nathanan tamhwaphyoci sayong yangsang yenkwu [A study on the use aspects of discouse markers appeared in spoken Korean language of marriage woman immigrants]. The Journal of Linguistics Science, 64, 25–46.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Kim, Y.-I.
    (2019) hankwuke kyocayuy ‘-i/hi/li/ki-’ phitong tanwen pwunsekkwa kyoswu pangan ceysi [Analysis and Teaching Methods of the ‘-i/hi/li/gi-’ Passive unit in Korean textbooks]. Journal of Korean Language Education, 30(1), 27–63. doi:  10.18209/iakle.2019.30.1.27
     https://doi.org/10.18209/iakle.2019.30.1.27 [Google Scholar]
  39. Kim, W. , & Ock, C. Y.
    (2015) hankwuke kyekthul sacenkwa uymiyek pinto cengpolul sayonghan hankwuke uymiyek kyelceng [Korean semantic role labeling using case frame and frequency]. Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology, 11(2), 161–167.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Kwak, S. J.
    (2016) mikwuk nay tayhak haksupcatuluy cakmwun pwunsekul thonghan hankwuke swuktalto swucwunpyel pikyo yenkwu – yuthatay salyeyyenkwu [A comparative study of American university students’ Korean proficiency by level through analysis of composition: A case study at the University of Utah]. Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language, 44, 23–51. doi:  10.21716/TKFL.44.2
     https://doi.org/10.21716/TKFL.44.2 [Google Scholar]
  41. Kyle, K.
    (2016) Measuring syntactic development in L2 writing: Fine grained indices of syntactic complexity and usage-based indices of syntactic sophistication (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Georgia State University, Atlanta.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Kyle, K. , & Crossley, S.
    (2017) Assessing syntactic sophistication in L2 writing: A usage-based approach. Language Testing, 34(4), 513–535. doi:  10.1177/0265532217712554
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532217712554 [Google Scholar]
  43. Kyle, K. , Crossley, S. , & Berger, C.
    (2018) The tool for the automatic analysis of lexical sophistication (TAALES): version 2.0. Behavior Research Methods, 50(3), 1030–1046. doi:  10.3758/s13428‑017‑0924‑4
     https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0924-4 [Google Scholar]
  44. Lee-Ellis, S.
    (2009) The development and validation of a Korean C-Test using Rasch Analysis. Language Testing, 26(2), 245–274. doi:  10.1177/0265532208101007
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532208101007 [Google Scholar]
  45. Lee, I.
    (2011) kwukehakkaysel [Introduction to Korean linguistics]. Seoul: Hakyensa.
  46. Lee, J.
    (2017) tayhaksayng cakmwuney nathanan ehwi tayangseng yenkwu – oykwukin yuhaksayngkwa hankwukinuy pikyolul cwungsimulo [A studyon lexical diversities in writing of university students – Focusing on the comparison of Koreans and foreign students]. tayhakcakmwun, 19, 61–91. doi:  10.37736/kjlr.2017.03.19.61
     https://doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2017.03.19.61 [Google Scholar]
  47. Lee, S.-M.
    (2017) hankwuke haksupcauy malhakiwa ssukiey nathanan ehwi sayonguy congtancek yenkwu [A longitudinal study of vocabulary usage presented in speaking and writing of Korean learners]. wulimalkul, 74, 183–214. doi:  10.18628/urimal.74..201709.183
     https://doi.org/10.18628/urimal.74..201709.183 [Google Scholar]
  48. Lee, S.-H. , Dickenson, M. , & Israel, R.
    (2016) Challenges of learner corpus annotation: Focusing on Korean Learner Language Analysis (KoLLA) system. Language Facts and Perspectives, 38, 221–251. doi:  10.20988/lfp.2016.38..221
     https://doi.org/10.20988/lfp.2016.38..221 [Google Scholar]
  49. Lee, S. K.
    (2007) Effects of textual enhancement and topic familiarity on Korean EFL students’ reading comprehension and learning of passive form. Language Learning, 57(1), 87–118. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9922.2007.00400.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2007.00400.x [Google Scholar]
  50. Lee, S.-A. , & Choi, J.-T.
    (2013) hankwuke Verb_OntoNetuy selkyeywa kwuchwuk [Design and implementation of Korean Verb_OntoNet]. Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology, 11(2), 161–167.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Li, C. , & Thompson, S.
    (1981) Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Liu, N.
    (2016) The structures of Chinese long and short bei passives revisited. Language and Linguistics, 17(6), 857–889. doi:  10.1177/1606822X16660938
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1606822X16660938 [Google Scholar]
  53. Lu, X.
    (2010) Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(4), 474–496. doi:  10.1075/ijcl.15.4.02lu
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.15.4.02lu [Google Scholar]
  54. Meurers, D.
    (2015) Learner corpora and natural language processing. In S. Granger , G. Gilquin , & F. Meunier (Eds.). The Cambridge handbook of learner corpus research (pp.537–566). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139649414.024
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649414.024 [Google Scholar]
  55. Meurers, D. , & Dickinson, M.
    (2017) Evidence and interpretation in language learning research: Opportunities for collaboration with computational linguistics. Language Learning, 67(S1), 66–95. doi:  10.1111/lang.12233
     https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12233 [Google Scholar]
  56. Miller, R. , Mitchell, T. , & Pessoa, S.
    (2016) Impact of source texts and prompts on students’ genre uptake. Journal of Second Language Writing, 31, 11–24. doi:  10.1016/j.jslw.2016.01.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.01.001 [Google Scholar]
  57. Nam, J. , Kim, Y. , & Kim, Y.
    (2016) L2 hankwuke mwune sanchwuleyseuy thongsa pokcapseng chukceng [Measuring syntactic complexity in L2 Korean writings]. Korean Semantics, 51, 21–56. doi:  10.19033/sks.2016.03.51.21
     https://doi.org/10.19033/sks.2016.03.51.21 [Google Scholar]
  58. Nam, Y. J. , & Hong, U. P.
    (2014) L2loseuy hankwuke cayenpalhwa khophesuuy kwuchwukkwa hwalyong [Towards a corpus-based approach to Korean as a second language]. The Journal of the Humanities for Unification, 57, 193–220. doi:  10.21185/jhu.2014.03.57.193
     https://doi.org/10.21185/jhu.2014.03.57.193 [Google Scholar]
  59. Park, E. , & Cho, S.
    (2014) KoNLPy: swipko kankyelhan hankwuke cengpocheli phaissen phaykhici [KoNLPy: Korean natural language processing in Python]. cey26hoy hankul mich hankwuke cengpocheli hakswultayhoy nonmwuncip.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Park, H.-J. , & Lee, M.-H.
    (2017) hankwuke haksupcauy ssuki theyksuthuey nathanan ungkyelsengkwa ungcipsenguy sangkwanpwunsek [Correlation analysis of cohesion and coherence in Korean as a second language student’s writing]. Wulimalkul, 73, 133–157. doi:  10.18628/urimal.73..201706.133
     https://doi.org/10.18628/urimal.73..201706.133 [Google Scholar]
  61. Park, J. , Hong, J. P. , & Cha, J. W.
    (2016) Korean language resources for everyone. In J. C. Park & J.-W. Chung (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Pacific Asia conference on language, information and computation: Oral Papers (pp.49–58).
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Park, Y.-H. , & Lee, H.-W.
    (2014) hankwuke haksupcalul wihan hankwuke mwuncang kwuseng kyoyuk pangan yenkwu – cwungkwukin haksupcauy eswuney ttalun kulssuki olyu pwunsekul thonghaye [A study on effective teaching strategies for Korean language writers through error analysis]. Studies in Linguistics, 33, 159–174. doi:  10.17002/sil..33.201410.159
     https://doi.org/10.17002/sil..33.201410.159 [Google Scholar]
  63. Park, Y.-K. , Kim, J.-M. , Lee, S.-D. , & Lee, H. A.
    (2017) oykwukin haksupcalul wihan mwunmayk kipan silsikan kwuke mwuncang kyoceng [Context Based Real-time Korean Writing Correction for Foreigners]. Journal of KIISE, 44(10), 1087–1093. 10.5626/JOK.2017.44.10.1087
     https://doi.org/10.5626/JOK.2017.44.10.1087 [Google Scholar]
  64. Pedregosa, F. , Varoquaux, G. , Gramfort, A. , Michel, V. , Thirion, B. , Grisel, O. , Blondel, M. , Prettenhofer, P. , Weiss, R. , Dubourg, V. and Vanderplas, J.
    (2011) Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 2825–2830.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Petrov, S. , Das, D. , & McDonald, R.
    (2012) A universal part-of-speech tagset. In N. Calzolari , K. Choukri , T. Declerck , M. U. Doğan , B. Maegaard , J. Mariani , A. Moreno , J. Odijk , & S. Piperidis (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (pp.2089–2096). European Language Resources Association.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Qi, P. , Dozat, T. , Zhang, Y. , & Manning, C. D.
    (2018) Universal dependency parsing from scratch. In D. Zeman & J. Hajič (Eds.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies (pp.160–170). Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Römer, U. , Roberson, A. , O’Donnell, M. B. , & Ellis, N. C.
    (2014) Linking learner corpus and experimental data in studying second language learners’ knowledge of verb-argument constructions. ICAME Journal, 38(1), 115–135. doi:  10.2478/icame‑2014‑0006
     https://doi.org/10.2478/icame-2014-0006 [Google Scholar]
  68. Ryu, S.
    (2017) hankwuke haksupcauy cakmwun calyoey nathanan cepsokpwusa sayong yangsang yenkwu – pinto cengpolul cwungsimulo [A Study on the use of Korean conjunctive adverbs in Korean learners by analyzing their writing – Focusing on frequency information]. mwunpep kyoyuk, 29, 143–168. doi:  10.21850/kge.2017.29..143
     https://doi.org/10.21850/kge.2017.29..143 [Google Scholar]
  69. Seo, S.-B.
    (2014) oykwukin yuhaksaynguy hankwuke ssuki olyu pwunsek – hakpwu cayhak yuhaksayng paykilcang cakmwunul taysangulo [A study on analysis of error patterns in Korean writing of international students – Focusing on essay writing contest for university students]. wulimalkul, 62, 127–157. doi:  10.18628/urimal.62..201409.127
     https://doi.org/10.18628/urimal.62..201409.127 [Google Scholar]
  70. Siewierska, A.
    (2013) Alignment of verbal person marking. In M. Haspelmath , M. Dryer , D. Gil , & B. Comrie (Eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved atwals.info/chapter/100
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Shin, G.-H.
    (forthcoming). Automatic analysis of caregiver input and child production: Insight into corpus-based research on child language development in Korean. Korean Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. (2020) Connecting input to comprehension: First language acquisition of active transitives and suffixal passives by Korean-speaking preschool children. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Sohn, H. M.
    (1999) The Korean language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Song, J. J.
    (2015) Causatives. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.), The handbook of Korean linguistics (pp.116–136). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9781118371008.ch6
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118371008.ch6 [Google Scholar]
  75. Song, S. , & Choe, J. W.
    (2007) Type hierarchies for passive forms in Korean. In S. Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Stanford Department of Linguistics and CSLI’s LinGO Lab (pp.250–270). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Song, W.
    (2018) cwungkwukin chokup hankwuke haksupcauy kulssukiey nathanan cosa olyu yangsangkwa cito pangan yenkwu [A Study on the auxiliary word error pattern and guidance method in the writing of Chinese elementary Korean learners]. cakmwunyenkwu, 38, 119–147.
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Straka, M. , & Straková, J.
    (2017) Tokenizing, POS Tagging, lemmatizing and parsing UD 2.0 with UDPipe. In J. Hajič & D. Zeman (Eds.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies (pp.88–99). Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics. 10.18653/v1/K17‑3009
     https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/K17-3009 [Google Scholar]
  78. Sun, C. F. , & Givón, T.
    (1985) On the so-called SOV word order in Mandarin Chinese: A quantified text study and its implications. Language, 61, 329–351. doi:  10.2307/414148
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414148 [Google Scholar]
  79. Sung, M.-C. , & Kim, H.
    (2020) Effects of verb–construction association on second language constructional generalizations in production and comprehension. Second Language Research. doi:  10.1177/0267658320932625
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658320932625 [Google Scholar]
  80. Xiao, R.
    (2007) What can SLA learn from contrastive corpus linguistics? The case of passive constructions in Chinese learner English. Indonesian JELT, 3(1), 1–19.
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Xiao, R. , McEnery, T. , & Qian, Y.
    (2006) Passive constructions in English and Chinese: A corpus-based contrastive study. Languages in Contrast, 6(1), 109–149. doi:  10.1075/lic.6.1.05xia
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.6.1.05xia [Google Scholar]
  82. Won, M. , Wang, Y. , Zhu, Y. , & Wang, H.
    (2017) hankwuke haksupcauy ssukiey nathanan ehwi phwungyoto yenkwu-swuktalto chukceng tokwulosse ehwi phwungyoto chukceng kanungsengul cwungsimulo [A study of lexical richness of Korean learners’ writing: The possibility of using lexical richness to measure language level]. emwunlonchong, 71, 33–55.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Yeon, J.
    (2015) Passives. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.), The handbook of Korean linguistics (pp.116–136). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9781118371008.ch7
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118371008.ch7 [Google Scholar]
  84. Zeman, D. , Hajič, J. , Popel, M. , Potthast, M. , Straka, M. , Ginter, F. , Nivre, J. , & Petrov, S.
    (2018) CoNLL 2018 shared task: Multilingual parsing from raw text to Universal Dependencies. In D. Zeman & J. Hajič (Eds.), Proceedings of the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies (pp.1–21). Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
Loading
Automatic analysis of passive constructions in Korean
International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 7, 53 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
/content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
/content/journals/10.1075/ijlcr.20002.shi
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Korean; learner corpus; natural language processing; passive construction

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error