1887
Volume 9, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2214-3157
  • E-ISSN: 2214-3165
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Swearing is a verbal act in which the main language structure is composed of multiple swear words. The reasons for studying swearing include the need to know what lexical items might be used for swearing. For this reason, it is critical to determine the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs which underlie curse words. This paper constructs a thesaurus of the swearing vocabulary used in the late-Yuan and early-Ming dynasty novel, (水浒传). It analyzes the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs surrounding swearing during those dynasties by means of exhaustive measurement, offering a better understanding of those pragmatics and beliefs and showing how Chinese people swore or used abusive language at that time. This paper indicates that those Yuan and Ming pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs also underlie the ways in which modern Chinese people swear.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/ijolc.21029.zha
2022-07-22
2025-02-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ban, G. 斑固
    (32–92) (1985) Báihǔ tōng (白虎通) [The true meanings of the classics]. Beijing: Chung Hwa Book Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Luo, G. Z. 罗贯中
    (1320–1400) (1979) Sānguó zhì tōngsú yǎnyì (三国志通俗演义) [Romance of the Three Kingdoms]. Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ruan, Y. 阮元
    (1764–1849) (1980) Shísān jīng zhùshù (十三经注疏) [Commentary on the thirteen classics]. Beijing: Chung Hwa Book Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Shi, N. A. 施耐庵
    (1296–1370) (1979) Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传) [The water margin]. Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院)
    The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院) (2016) Xiàndài hànyǔ cídiǎn (现代汉语词典) [Dictionary of modern Chinese]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ahrens, K., & Jiang, M. H.
    (2020) Source domain verification using corpus-based tools. Metaphor and Symbol, 35(1), 43–55. 10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2020.1712783 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bednarek, M.
    (2019) Don’t say crap. Don’t use swear words. Negotiating the use of swear/taboo words in the narrative mass media. Discourse, Context & Media, 29, 1–14. 10.1016/j.dcm.2019.02.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2019.02.002 [Google Scholar]
  8. Blutner, R.
    (1998) Lexical pragmatics. Journal of Semantics, 15(2), 115–162. 10.1093/jos/15.2.115
    https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/15.2.115 [Google Scholar]
  9. Christie, C.
    (2013) The relevance of taboo language: An analysis of the indexical values of swear words. Journal of Pragmatics, 58, 152–169. 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.06.009
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.06.009 [Google Scholar]
  10. Connell, T.
    (2006) A vulgar word or two in your shell-like: The new Partridge Dictionary of Slang. RetrievedJune 9, 2006fromhttps://www.timeshighereducation.com/cn/books/a-vulgar-word-or-two-in-your-shell-like/203658.article
  11. Culpeper, J.
    (2011) Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511975752
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975752 [Google Scholar]
  12. Dynel, M.
    (2012) Swearing methodologically: The (im)politeness of expletives in anonymous commentaries on YouTube. Journal of English Studies, 10, 25–50. 10.18172/jes.179
    https://doi.org/10.18172/jes.179 [Google Scholar]
  13. Fowler, R.
    (1981) Literature as social discourse. London: Batsford.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gu, Y. G.
    (1990) Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(1), 237–257. 10.1016/0378‑2166(90)90082‑O
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90082-O [Google Scholar]
  15. Harris, W. V.
    (1988) Interpretive acts: In search of meaning. Oxford: Clarendon.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hickey, L.
    (Ed.) (1989) The pragmatics of style. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Jay, T.
    (2008) Swearing, moral order, and online communication. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 6(1), 107–126. 10.1075/jlac.00005.jay
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00005.jay [Google Scholar]
  18. Jay, T., & Janschewitz, K.
    (2008) The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research, 4(2), 267–288. 10.1515/JPLR.2008.013
    https://doi.org/10.1515/JPLR.2008.013 [Google Scholar]
  19. Li, H. W. (李洪伟)
    (2012) Jīn píng méi zhōng màyǔ de tǐshì hé wénxué tèzhēng (金瓶梅中骂语的体式和文学特征) [The style and literary characteristics of cursing in “Jīn píng méi”]. Jìníng xuéuàn xuébào (济宁学院学报) [Journal of Jining College], 33(4), 9–14. CNKI:SUN:JNSZ.0.2012-04-003
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Liu, F. G. (刘福根)
    (1997) Qínhàn lìcí kǎochá (秦汉詈词考察) [Qin and Han Chinese swear words]. Zhèjiāng dàxué xuébào (浙江大学学报) [Journal of Zhejiang University], 11(4), 127–135. CNKI:SUN:ZJDX.0.1997-04-021
    [Google Scholar]
  21. (2007) Gǔdài hànyǔ lìcí xiǎoshǐ (古代汉语詈词小史) [A short history of ancient Chinese swear words]. PhD dissertation. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University.
  22. Ljung, M.
    (2011) Swearing: A cross-cultural linguistic study. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. McEnery, A., & Xiao, Z.
    (2004) Swearing in modern British English: The case of fuck in the BNC. Language and Literature, 13(3), 235–268. 10.1177/0963947004044873
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947004044873 [Google Scholar]
  24. McEnery, T.
    (2006) Swearing in English: Bad language, purity and power from 1586 to the present. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Montagu, A.
    (2001) The anatomy of swearing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Petrey, S.
    (1990) Speech acts and literary theory. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Pinker, S.
    (2007) The stuff of thought. New York: Viking Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Pratt, M. L.
    (1977) Toward a speech act theory of literary discourse. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Simpson, J. A., & Weine, E. S. C.
    (Eds.) (1991) The compact Oxford English dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Stapleton, K.
    (2020) Swearing and perceptions of the speaker: A discursive approach. Journal of Pragmatics, 170, 381–395. 10.1016/j.pragma.2020.09.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.09.001 [Google Scholar]
  31. Tannen, D.
    (2009) Framing and face: The relevance of the presentation of self to linguistic discourse analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 72(2), 300–305. 10.1177/019027250907200404
    https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250907200404 [Google Scholar]
  32. Terkourafi, M.
    (2019) Im/politeness: A 21st century appraisal. Wàiyǔ yǔ wàiyǔ jiāoxué (外语与外语教学) [Foreign Languages and their Teaching], 1(6), 1–17. 10.13458/j.cnki.flatt.004629
    https://doi.org/10.13458/j.cnki.flatt.004629 [Google Scholar]
  33. Van Dijk, T. A.
    (1976) Pragmatics of language and literature. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Wen, C. Y. (温昌衍)
    (2014) Guǎngdōng kè mǐn yuè fāngyán lìmà yǔ zhōng de lìmà wénhuà (广东客闽粤方言詈骂语中的詈骂文化) [Culture of swear words in the Cantonese-Min dialect in Guangdong]. Jiāyīng xuéyuàn xuébào (嘉应学院学报) [Journal of Jiaying College], 32(1), 5–9. CNKI:SUN:JYDB.0.2014-01-002
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Winters, A. M., & Duck, S.
    (2001) You****!: Swearing as an aversive and a relational activity. InR. M. Kowalski (Ed.), Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships (pp.59–78). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 10.1037/10365‑003
    https://doi.org/10.1037/10365-003 [Google Scholar]
  36. Zhang, L. (张礼), & Guo, Z. B. (郭祖彬)
    (2003) Cóng Wáng Shuò de xiǎoshuō kàn fēngfù duōcǎi de lìcí shìjiè (从王朔的小说看丰富多彩的詈词世界) [A look at the various lexical swear words in Wang Shuo’s novels]. Huáinán zhíyè jìshù xuéyuàn xuébào (淮南职业技术学院学报) [Journal of Huainan Technical College], 3(6), 99–102. CNKI:SUN:HNZJ.0.2003-01-034
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Zhao, Z. Y. (赵子阳)
    (2007) Nèiménggǔ xībù qū fāngyán lìcí de xiūcí fènxī (内蒙古西部区方言詈词的修辞分析) [The rhetorical analysis of lexical swear words in western Inner Mongolia dialect]. Yǔwén xuékān (语文学刊) [Journal of Language and Literature], 59(12), 20–22. CNKI:SUN:YWXK.0.2007-S2-011
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/ijolc.21029.zha
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/ijolc.21029.zha
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): cultural beliefs; pragmatic principles; Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传); swear words
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error