1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Interaction Studies
  4. Volume 18, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 18, Issue 1
  • ISSN 1572-0373
  • E-ISSN: 1572-0381
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Motivation crucially influences the willingness to play online games. Game motivation can affect players’ flow experience and player’s companionship with their game roles or avatars. However, the relationship among game motivation, flow experience, and companionship is unclear; therefore, designing online games that improving the playing experience is difficult. This study chose online pet games as study samples, and this study used a game motivation scale, flow experience scale, and the Companionship Scale of Artificial Pets to identify the relationship among game motivation, flow experience, and companionship. According to 216 valid questionnaire responses, this study demonstrated that (a) game motivation for online pet game players was primarily immersion and achievement, (b) compared with achievement motivation, immersion motivation had a greater influence on flow experience and the development of player companionship with online pets, and (c) players with immersion and achievement motivation had a substantially enhanced flow experience and companionship with their online pets.

© No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
2017-07-28
2024-09-08

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Altschuler, E. L
    (2008) Play with online virtual pets as a method to improve mirror neuron and real world functioning in autistic children. Medical Hypotheses, 70(4), 748–749. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.030
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.030 [Google Scholar]
  2. Banks, J. D. , & Bowman, N. D
    (2013, October). Close intimate playthings? Understanding player-avatar relationships as a function of attachment, agency, and intimacy. Paper to be presented at theAnnual meeting of Association of Internet Researchers, Denver.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartle, R
    (1996) Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. Journal of MUD Research, 1(1).
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Beverland, M. B. , Farrelly, F. , & Lim, E. A. C
    (2008) Exploring the dark side of pet ownership: status- and control-based pet consumption. Journal of Business Research, 61(5), 490–496. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.08.009
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.08.009 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bickmore, T. W. , Caruso, L. , Clough-Gorr, K. , & Heeren, T
    (2005) ‘It’s just like you talk to a friend’ relational agents for older adults. Interacting with Computers, 17(6), 711–735. doi: 10.1016/j.intcom.2005.09.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2005.09.002 [Google Scholar]
  6. Cavanaugh, L. A. , Leonard, H. A. , & Scammon, D. L
    (2008) A tail of two personalities: how canine companions shape relationships and well-being. Journal of Business Research, 61(5), 469–479. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.024
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.024 [Google Scholar]
  7. Chang, C. -C
    (2013) Examining users’ intention to continue using social network games: A flow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 311–321. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2012.10.006
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2012.10.006 [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen, H
    (2000) Exploring Web users' on-line optimal flow experiences. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, School of Information Studies, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. (2006) Flow on the net-detecting Web users' positive affects and their flow states. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(2), 221–233. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2004.07.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.07.001 [Google Scholar]
  10. Chiou, H
    (2006) Quantitative research and statistical analysis in social & behavioral sciences. Taipei, Taiwan: Wunan Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. (2008) Quantitative research method II: Statistical principles and analytic techniques. Taipei, Taiwan: Yeh Yeh Book Gallery.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Choi, D. , & Kim, J
    (2004) Why people continue to play online games: In search of critical design factors to increase customer loyalty to online contents. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 7(1), 11–24. doi: 10.1089/109493104322820066
     https://doi.org/10.1089/109493104322820066 [Google Scholar]
  13. Csikszentmihalyi, M
    (1975) Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Cutumisu, M. , Szafron, D. , Schaeffer, J. , McNaughton, M. , Roy, T. , Onuczko, C. , & Carbonaro, M
    (2006) Generating ambient behaviors in computer role-playing games. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(5), 19–27. doi: 10.1109/MIS.2006.92
     https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2006.92 [Google Scholar]
  15. Dindar, M. , & Akbulut. Y
    (2015) Role of self-efficacy and social appearance anxiety on gaming motivations of MMOFPS players. Computers & Education, 81, 26–34. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.09.007 [Google Scholar]
  16. Ducheneaut, N. , Yee, N. , Nickell, E. , & Moore, R. J
    (2006) ‘Alone together?’: Exploring the social dynamics of massively multiplayer online games. InProceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2006), (pp.407–416). Montreal; Canada. NY: ACM.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fournier, J. , Gaudreau, P. , Demontrond-Behr, P. , Visioli, J. , Forrest, J. , & Jackson, S
    (2007) French translation of the Flow State Scale-2: Factor structure, cross-cultural invariance, and associations with goal attainment. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8 (6), 897–916. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.007 [Google Scholar]
  18. Ghani, J. A
    (1995) Flow in human computer interactions: test of a model. In J. Carey , (Ed.), Human factors in information systems: Emerging theoretical bases (pp. 291–311). New Jersey: Ablex. Publishing Corp.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Hunicke, R. , LeBlanc, M. , & Zubeck, R
    (2004), MDA: a formal approach to game design and game research. Inthe Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI , vol. 4. (San Jose).
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Hussain, Z. , Williams, G. A. , & Griffiths, M. D
    (2015) An exploratory study of the association between online gaming addiction and enjoyment motivations for playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 221–230. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.075
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.075 [Google Scholar]
  21. Isbister, K
    (2006) Better game characters by design: A psychological approach. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Jackson, S. A. , & Eklund, R. C
    (2002) Assessing flow in physical activity: The flow state scale-2 and dispositional flow scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24 (2), 133–150. doi: 10.1123/jsep.24.2.133
     https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.2.133 [Google Scholar]
  23. Jackson, S. A. , Martin, A. J. , & Eklund, R. C
    (2008) Long and short measures of flow: examining construct validity of the FSS-2, DFS-2 and new brief counterparts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30 (5), 561–587. doi: 10.1123/jsep.30.5.561
     https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.5.561 [Google Scholar]
  24. Jin, C. -H
    (2014) The role of users’ motivations in generating social capital building and subjective well-being: The case of social network games. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 29–38. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.022
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.022 [Google Scholar]
  25. Kaplan, F
    (2000) Free creatures: The role of uselessness in the design of artificial pets. In T. Christaller , G. Indiveri , & A. Poigne (Eds.), InProceedings of the 1st edutainment robotics workshop (pp. 45–47). Sankt Augustin, Germany.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Kawabata, M. , Mallett, C. J. , & Jackson, S. A
    (2008) The flow state scale-2 and dispositional flow scale-2: Examination of factorial validity and reliability for Japanese adults. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(4), 465–485. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.05.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  27. Kim, T. , & Biocca, F
    (1997) Telepresence via television: Two dimensions of telepresence may have different connections to memory and persuasion. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2), Article first published online: 23 JUN 2006.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Klein, L. R
    (2003) Creating virtual product experiences: The role of telepresence. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(1), 41–55, Available online13 November 2009. doi: 10.1002/dir.10046
     https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10046 [Google Scholar]
  29. Lawson, S. , & Chesney, T
    (2007a) Virtual pets: Great for the games industry but what’s really in it for the owners?In Proceedings of the 19thWomen in Games 2007, Newport, Wales.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. (2007b) The impact of owner age on companionship withvirtual pets. Proc. 15th Eur. Conf. Information Systems (ECIS 2007) , pp. 1922–1928. St. Galen, Switzerland.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Lazzaro, N
    (2007) Why we play: affect and the fun of games: designing emotions for games, entertainment interfaces and interactive tools. In A. Sears , & J. A. Sears (Eds.), The human-Computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving techniques, and emerging applications, 2nd Edition (pp. 679–700). Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. doi: 10.1201/9781410615862.ch34
     https://doi.org/10.1201/9781410615862.ch34 [Google Scholar]
  32. Lee, C. -I. , Tseng, J. -M. , & Huang, T.-W
    (2007) A study in children's recognition of parents' roles through on-line petting games. The Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 29(2), 1–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Lim, S. , & Reeves, B
    (2009) Being in the game: Effects of avatar choice and point of view on psychophysiological responses during play. Media Psychology, 12(4), 348–370. doi: 10.1080/15213260903287242
     https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287242 [Google Scholar]
  34. Lin, C. -Y. , Hung, W. -H. , Fang, K. , & Tu, C.-C
    (2015) Understanding players’ achievement values from MMORPGs: An exploratory study. Internet Research, 25 (5), 829–851. doi: 10.1108/IntR‑12‑2013‑0268
     https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2013-0268 [Google Scholar]
  35. Livingstone, D
    (2006) Turing’s test and believable AI in games. ACM Computers in Entertainment, 4(1). doi: 10.1145/1111293.1111303
     https://doi.org/10.1145/1111293.1111303 [Google Scholar]
  36. Luh, D. -B. , Li, E. C. , & Kao, Y. -J
    (2015) The development of a companionship scale for artificial pets. Interacting with Computers, 27(2), 189–201. doi: 10.1093/iwc/iwt055
     https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwt055 [Google Scholar]
  37. Mival, O. , & Benyon, D
    (2007) Introducing the companions project: Intelligent, persistent, personalized interfaces to the Internet. In Proceeding of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2007: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 2, BCS HCI 2007 (pp. 193–194). University of Lancaster, United Kingdom.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Ng, Y. Y. , Khong, C. W. , & Thwaites, H
    (2012) A review of affective design towards video games. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51, 687–691. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.225
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.225 [Google Scholar]
  39. Novak, T. P. , Hoffman, D. L. , & Yung, Y. -F
    (2000) Measuring the customer experience in online environments: A structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19(1), 22–42. doi: 10.1287/mksc.19.1.22.15184
     https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.19.1.22.15184 [Google Scholar]
  40. Oulasvirta, A. , & Blom. J
    (2008) Motivations in personalisation behaviour. Interacting with Computers, 20(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.intcom.2007.06.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2007.06.002 [Google Scholar]
  41. Romano, D. M. , & Wong, A. K. L
    (2004) Personality model of a social character. In 18th British HCI Group Annual Conference , Leeds Metropolitan University, UK.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Skadberg, Y. X. , & Kimmel, J. R
    (2004) Visitors’ flow experience while browsing a web site: Its measurement, contributing factors and consequences. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(3), 403–422. doi: 10.1016/S0747‑5632(03)00050‑5
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(03)00050-5 [Google Scholar]
  43. Snodgrass J. G. , Francois Dengah H.J. 2nd , Lacy M. G. , & Fagan, J
    (2013) A formal anthropological view of motivation models of problematic MMO play: achievement, social, and immersion factors in the context of culture. Transcultural Psychiatry, 50(2), 235–262. doi: 10.1177/1363461513487666
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461513487666 [Google Scholar]
  44. Sweester, P. , & Wyeth, P
    (2005) Game flow: A model for evaluating player enjoyment in games. ACM Computers in Entertainment, 3(3), Article3A.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Trepte, S. , & Reinecke, L
    (2010) Avatar creation and video game enjoyment: effects of life-satisfaction, game competitiveness, and identification with the Avatar. Journal of Media Psychology, 22(4), 171–184. doi: 10.1027/1864‑1105/a000022
     https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000022 [Google Scholar]
  46. Turkle, S
    (2007) Authenticity in the age of digital companions. Interaction Studies, 8(3), 501–517. doi: 10.1075/is.8.3.11tur
     https://doi.org/10.1075/is.8.3.11tur [Google Scholar]
  47. Vasalou, A. , & Joinson, A. N
    (2009) Me, myself, and I: The role of interactional context on self-presentation through avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 510–520. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.11.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.11.007 [Google Scholar]
  48. Voiskounsky, A. E. , Mitina, O. V. , & Avetisova, A. A
    (2004) Playing online games: Flow experience. PsychNology Journal, 2(3), 259–281.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Wang, W. -T. , & Chang, W. -H
    (2009) Virtual goods and electronic commerce. Science Development, 442, 6–11.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Yang, C. –C. , & Chen, H
    (2006) Challenges to the online flow research: a review from prospective of validity. Journal of Cyber Culture and Information Society, 11, 145–176.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Yee, N
    (2006) Motivations for play in online games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9(6), 772–775. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772
     https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772 [Google Scholar]
  52. Zanetta Dauriat, F. , Zermatten, A. , Billieux, J. , Thorens, G. , Bondolfi, G. , Zullino, D. , & Khazaal, Y
    (2011) Motivations to play specifically predict excessive involvement in massively multiplayer online role-playing games: evidence from an online survey. European Addiction Research, 17(4), 185–189. doi: 10.1159/000326070
     https://doi.org/10.1159/000326070 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
Loading
Effect of game motivation on flow experience and companionship
Interaction Studies 18, 95 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
/content/journals/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
/content/journals/10.1075/is.18.1.05li
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): companionship; flow; online pets

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error