1887
Volume 23, Issue 2
  • ISSN 1572-0373
  • E-ISSN: 1572-0381
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Social robots have the potential to support autistic school children with their wellbeing. This research reveals how a co-design approach with autistic children and their teachers was undertaken. Focus groups with autistic children and teachers collaboratively identified user requirements for the social robot and robot behaviours within the school ecosystem in order to improve student wellbeing. The results reveal the importance of including autistic children in the co-design process to ensure their voices are heard and also that the role of the robot is appropriate and targeted to the users’ needs and requirements. Autistic children and their teachers report multiple potential benefits for social robots supporting emotional wellbeing in the school. Autistic children were supportive of the introduction of a social robot in their school, mostly expressing positive attitudes towards the robot. The research is significant in revealing how a user-centred co-design approach involving autistic children and social robots may support emotional wellbeing.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/is.21031.new
2023-03-24
2024-12-04
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alves-Oliveira, P., Arriaga, P., Paiva, A., & Hoffman, G.
    (2021) Children as Robot Designers. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 399–408. 10.1145/3434073.3444650
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3434073.3444650 [Google Scholar]
  2. American Psychiatric Association Division of Research
    American Psychiatric Association Division of Research (2013) Highlights of changes from dsm-iv to dsm-5: Somatic symptom and related disorders. Focus, 11(4), 525–527. 10.1176/appi.focus.11.4.525
    https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.11.4.525 [Google Scholar]
  3. Arevalo Arboleda, S., Pascher, M., Baumeister, A., Klein, B., & Gerken, J.
    (2021) Reflecting upon Participatory Design in Human-Robot Collaboration for People with Motor Disabilities: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Three Multiyear Projects. The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference, 147–155. 10.1145/3453892.3458044
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3453892.3458044 [Google Scholar]
  4. Azenkot, S., Feng, C., & Cakmak, M.
    (2016) Enabling building service robots to guide blind people a participatory design approach. 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 3–10. 10.1109/HRI.2016.7451727
    https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451727 [Google Scholar]
  5. Begum, M., Serna, R. W., & Yanco, H. A.
    (2016) Are Robots Ready to Deliver Autism Interventions? A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(2), 157–181. 10.1007/s12369‑016‑0346‑y
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0346-y [Google Scholar]
  6. Belpaeme, T., Baxter, P., de Greeff, J., Kennedy, J., Read, R., Looije, R., Neerincx, M., Baroni, I., & Zelati, M. C.
    (2013) Child-Robot Interaction: Perspectives and Challenges. InG. Herrmann, M. J. Pearson, A. Lenz, P. Bremner, A. Spiers, & U. Leonards (Eds.), Social Robotics (Vol.82391, pp.452–459). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑02675‑6_45
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6_45 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bertel, L. B., Rasmussen, D. M., & Christiansen, E.
    (2013) Robots for real: Developing a participatory design framework for implementing educational robots in real-world learning environments. InHuman-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2013: 14th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 2–6, 2013, Proceedings, Part II 14 (pp.437–444). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 10.1007/978‑3‑642‑40480‑1_29
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40480-1_29 [Google Scholar]
  8. Björling, E., & Rose, E.
    (2019) Participatory Research Principles in Human-Centered Design: Engaging Teens in the Co-Design of a Social Robot. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 3(1), 8. 10.3390/mti3010008
    https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3010008 [Google Scholar]
  9. Bottema-Beutel, K., Kapp, S. K., Lester, J. N., Sasson, N. J., & Hand, B. N.
    (2021) Avoiding ableist language: Suggestions for autism researchers. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 18–29. 10.1089/aut.2020.0014
    https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2020.0014 [Google Scholar]
  10. Brady, R., Maccarrone, A., Holloway, J., Gunning, C., & Pacia, C.
    (2020) Exploring Interventions Used to Teach Friendship Skills to Children and Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism: a Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 7(4), 295–305. 10.1007/s40489‑019‑00194‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-019-00194-7 [Google Scholar]
  11. Bron, J., & Veugelers, W.
    (2014) Why we need to involve our students in curriculum design: Five arguments for student voice. Curriculum and teaching dialogue, 16(1/2), 125.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cascio, M. A., Weiss, J. A., & Racine, E.
    (2020) Making Autism Research Inclusive by Attending to Intersectionality: A Review of the Research Ethics Literature. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 10.1007/s40489‑020‑00204‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-020-00204-z [Google Scholar]
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2019) Signs and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 02/20/2022, from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/signs.html
  14. Conner, C. M., White, S. W., Beck, K. B., Golt, J., Smith, I. C., & Mazefsky, C. A.
    (2019) Improving emotion regulation ability in autism: The Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) program. Autism, 23(5), 1273–1287. 10.1177/1362361318810709
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318810709 [Google Scholar]
  15. Danker, J., Strnadová, I., & Cumming, T. M.
    (2016) School experiences of students with autism spectrum disorder within the context of student wellbeing: A review and analysis of the literature. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 40(1), 59–78. 10.1017/jse.2016.1
    https://doi.org/10.1017/jse.2016.1 [Google Scholar]
  16. Darriba Frederiks, A., Octavia, J. R., Vandevelde, C., & Saldien, J.
    (2019) Towards Participatory Design of Social Robots. InD. Lamas, F. Loizides, L. Nacke, H. Petrie, M. Winckler, & P. Zaphiris (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019 (Vol.117471, pp.527–535). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑030‑29384‑0_32
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29384-0_32 [Google Scholar]
  17. Druin, A.
    (2002) The role of children in the design of new technology. Behaviour and information technology, 21(1), 1–25. 10.1080/01449290110108659
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290110108659 [Google Scholar]
  18. Fletcher-Watson, S., Adams, J., Brook, K., Charman, T., Crane, L., Cusack, J., Leekam, S., Milton, D., Parr, J. R., & Pellicano, E.
    (2019) Making the future together: Shaping autism research through meaningful participation. Autism, 23(4), 943–953. 10.1177/1362361318786721
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318786721 [Google Scholar]
  19. Galvez Trigo, M. J., Standen, P. J., & Cobb, S. V. G.
    (2019) Robots in special education: Reasons for low uptake. Journal of Enabling Technologies, 13(2), 59–69. 10.1108/JET‑12‑2018‑0070
    https://doi.org/10.1108/JET-12-2018-0070 [Google Scholar]
  20. Hadwin, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Howlin, P., & Hill, K.
    (1997) Does Teaching Theory of Mind Have an Effect on the Ability to Develop Conversation in Children with Autism?Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27(5), 519–537. 10.1023/A:1025826009731
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025826009731 [Google Scholar]
  21. Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E.
    (2005) Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. 10.1177/1049732305276687
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687 [Google Scholar]
  22. Huijnen, C. A. G. J., Lexis, M. A. S., Jansens, R., & de Witte, L. P.
    (2017) How to Implement Robots in Interventions for Children with Autism? A Co-creation Study Involving People with Autism, Parents and Professionals. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3079–3096. 10.1007/s10803‑017‑3235‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3235-9 [Google Scholar]
  23. Jackson, S. L., Hart, L., Brown, J. T., & Volkmar, F. R.
    (2018) Brief report: Self-reported academic, social, and mental health experiences of post-secondary students with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(3), 643–650. 10.1007/s10803‑017‑3315‑x
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3315-x [Google Scholar]
  24. Kenny, L., Hattersley, C., Molins, B., Buckley, C., Povey, C., & Pellicano, E.
    (2016) Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community. Autism, 20(4), 442–462. 10.1177/1362361315588200
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315588200 [Google Scholar]
  25. Lee, H. R., Šabanović, S., Chang, W.-L., Nagata, S., Piatt, J., Bennett, C., & Hakken, D.
    (2017) Steps Toward Participatory Design of Social Robots: Mutual Learning with Older Adults with Depression. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 244–253. 10.1145/2909824.3020237
    https://doi.org/10.1145/2909824.3020237 [Google Scholar]
  26. Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L.
    (2017) What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466–474. 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 [Google Scholar]
  27. Maenner, Shaw K. A., Bakian, A. V., Bilder, D. A., Durkin, M. S., Esler, A., Furnier, S. M., Hallas, L., Hall-Lande, J., Hudson, A., Hughes, M. M., Patrick, M., Pierce, K., Poynter, J. N., Salinas, A., Shenouda, J., Vehorn, A., Warren, Z., Constantino, J. N., … Cogswell, M. E.
    (2021) Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years – Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 70(11), 1–16. 10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1
    https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1 [Google Scholar]
  28. Matson, J. L., Matson, M. L., & Rivet, T. T.
    (2007) Social-Skills Treatments for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview. Behavior Modification, 31(5), 682–707. 10.1177/0145445507301650
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445507301650 [Google Scholar]
  29. Newbutt, N. A.
    (2013) Exploring communication and representation of the self in a virtual world by young people with autism. University College Dublin (Ireland)
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Newbutt, N.
    (2019) Assisting people with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through technology. InA. Tatnall (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies (pp.1–15). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑60013‑0_146‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60013-0_146-1 [Google Scholar]
  31. Özerk, K.
    (2016) The Issue of Prevalence of Autism/ASD. 21, 44.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Parsons, S.
    (2016) Authenticity in Virtual Reality for assessment and intervention in autism: A conceptual review. Educational Research Review, 191, 138–157. 10.1016/j.edurev.2016.08.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.08.001 [Google Scholar]
  33. Parsons, S., Yuill, N., Good, J., & Brosnan, M.
    (2020) “Whose agenda? Who knows best? Whose voice?” Co-creating a technology research roadmap with autism stakeholders. Disability & Society, 35(2), 201–234. 10.1080/09687599.2019.1624152
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2019.1624152 [Google Scholar]
  34. Parsons, S. & Cobb, S. P.
    (2011) State-of-the-art of virtual reality technologies for children on the autism spectrum. Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ., 26(3), 355–366. 10.1080/08856257.2011.593831
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2011.593831 [Google Scholar]
  35. Pellicano, L., Dinsmore, A., & Charman, T.
    (2013) A Future Made Together: Shaping autism research in the UK.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Potter, W. J., & Levine-Donnerstein, D.
    (1999) Rethinking validity and reliability in content analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 27(3), 258–284. 10.1080/00909889909365539
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889909365539 [Google Scholar]
  37. Rogers, W. A., Kadylak, T., & Bayles, M. A.
    (2021) Maximizing the Benefits of Participatory Design for Human–Robot Interaction Research With Older Adults. Human Factors, 1–11. 10.1177/00187208211037465
    https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211037465 [Google Scholar]
  38. Russell, G., Rodgers, L. R., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Ford, T.
    (2014) Prevalence of Parent-Reported ASD and ADHD in the UK: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. J Autism Dev Disord, 101. 10.1007/s10803‑013‑1849‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1849-0 [Google Scholar]
  39. Šabanović, S.
    (2010) Robots in Society, Society in Robots: Mutual Shaping of Society and Technology as a Framework for Social Robot Design. International Journal of Social Robotics, 2(4), 439–450. 10.1007/s12369‑010‑0066‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-010-0066-7 [Google Scholar]
  40. Saleh, M. A., Hashim, H., Mohamed, N. N., & Almisreb, A. A.
    (2020) Robots and autistic children: A review. 8(3), 16.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sanders, E. B.-N., & Stappers, P. J.
    (2008) Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign, 4(1), 5–18. 10.1080/15710880701875068
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15710880701875068 [Google Scholar]
  42. Steen, M.
    (2013) Co-Design as a Process of Joint Inquiry and Imagination. Design Issues, 29(2), 16–28. 10.1162/DESI_a_00207
    https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00207 [Google Scholar]
  43. Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N.
    (2014) Focus groups: Theory and practice (Vol.201). Sage publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Stimpson, N. J., Hull, L., & Mandy, W.
    (2021) The association between autistic traits and mental well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(1), 287–304. 10.1007/s10902‑020‑00229‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00229-5 [Google Scholar]
  45. Termeer, C. J., Dewulf, A., & Biesbroek, R.
    (2019) A critical assessment of the wicked problem concept: relevance and usefulness for policy science and practice. Policy and Society, 38(2), 167–179. 10.1080/14494035.2019.1617971
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2019.1617971 [Google Scholar]
  46. Tung, F.-W.
    (2016) Child Perception of Humanoid Robot Appearance and Behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(6), 493–502. 10.1080/10447318.2016.1172808
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1172808 [Google Scholar]
  47. UNICEF
    UNICEF (2020) Policy Guidance on AI for Children, Draft for consultation, recommendations for building AI policies and systems that uphold child rights. https://www.unicef.org/globalinsight/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children
  48. Varughese, T.
    (2011) Social Communication Cues for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Related Conditions: How to give great greetings, pay cool compliments and have fun with friends. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Walmsley, J., Strnadová, I., & Johnson, K.
    (2018) The added value of inclusive research. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(5), 751–759. 10.1111/jar.12431
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12431 [Google Scholar]
  50. Winkle, K., Caleb-Solly, P., Turton, A., & Bremner, P.
    (2020) Mutual Shaping in the Design of Socially Assistive Robots: A Case Study on Social Robots for Therapy. International Journal of Social Robotics, 12(4), 847–866. 10.1007/s12369‑019‑00536‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00536-9 [Google Scholar]
  51. Winkle, K., Senft, E., & Lemaignan, S.
    (2021) LEADOR: A Method for End-to-End Participatory Design of Autonomous Social Robots. ArXiv:2105.01910 [Cs]. arxiv.org/abs/2105.01910. 10.3389/frobt.2021.704119
    https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.704119 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/is.21031.new
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/is.21031.new
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): autistic children; co-design; emotion; school; social robot; well-being
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error