1887
Volume 171, Issue 2
  • ISSN 0019-0829
  • E-ISSN: 1783-1490
GBP
Buy:£15.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This article reports on a classroom intervention where L2 learners were prompted to look for multiword expressions in texts. The participants were two intact classes of Vietnamese learners of English as a foreign language. Over a period of eight weeks, the experimental group ( = 26) looked for expressions in texts, while the comparison group ( = 28) used the same texts for content-related activities. In pairs, students in the experimental group consulted online dictionaries and an online corpus to help them determine which word strings in the texts were common expressions. The students’ worksheets and audio-recorded interactions suggest they were by and large successful at this, but also reveal the students found it hard to identify the boundaries of expressions and occasionally failed to find the dictionary (sub-)entries that matched them. The two groups’ ability to recall the expressions was gauged by comparing their scores on a pre-test and a post-test administered one week after the last class and again five months later. The learning gains were greater in the experimental group, although the difference fell short of significance in the delayed post-test. Students in the experimental group whose proficiency in English was relatively high tended to benefit the most.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/itl.18033.bui
2019-06-25
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aston, G.
    (2015) Learning phraseology from speech corpora. Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 69, 63–84. doi:  10.1075/scl.69.04ast
    https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.69.04ast [Google Scholar]
  2. Barfield, A., & Gyllstad, H.
    (Eds.) (2009) Researching collocations in another language: Multiple perspectives. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230245327
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245327 [Google Scholar]
  3. Bestgen, Y.
    (2017) Beyond single-word measures: L2 writing assessment, lexical richness and formulaic competence. System, 69(1), 65–78. doi:  10.1016/j.system.2017.08.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.08.004 [Google Scholar]
  4. Bishop, H.
    (2004) The effect of typographic salience on the look up and comprehension of unknown formulaic sequences. InN. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences (pp.227–47). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.9.12bis
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.9.12bis [Google Scholar]
  5. Boers, F.
    (2015) Weighing the merits of form-focused intervention. Language Teaching Research, 19(3), 251–253. doi:  10.1177/1362168815580632
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815580632 [Google Scholar]
  6. Boers, F., Dang, T. C. T., & Strong, B.
    (2017) Comparing the effectiveness of phrase-focused exercises: A partial replication of Boers, Demecheleer, Coxhead and Webb (2014). Language Teaching Research, 21(3), 362–380. doi:  10.1177/1362168816651464
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816651464 [Google Scholar]
  7. Boers, F., Demecheleer, M., Coxhead, A., & Webb, S.
    (2014) Gauging the effects of exercises on verb-noun collocations. Language Teaching Research, 18(1), 54–74. doi:  10.1177/1362168813505389
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168813505389 [Google Scholar]
  8. Boers, F., Demecheleer, M., & Eyckmans, J.
    (2004) Etymological elaboration as a strategy for learning figurative idioms. InP. Bogaards & B. Laufer (Eds.), Vocabulary in a second language: Selection, acquisition and testing (pp.53–78). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.10.07boe
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.10.07boe [Google Scholar]
  9. Boers, F., Demecheleer, M., He, L., Deconinck, J., Stengers, H., & Eyckmans, J.
    (2017) Typographic enhancement of multiword units in second language text. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 27(2), 448–469. doi:  10.1111/ijal.12141
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12141 [Google Scholar]
  10. Boers, F., Eyckmans, J., & Stengers, H.
    (2007) Presenting figurative idioms with a touch of etymology: More than mere mnemonics?Language Teaching Research, 11(1), 43–62. doi:  10.1177/1362168806072460
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168806072460 [Google Scholar]
  11. Boers, F., Eyckmans, J., Kappel, J., Stengers, H., & Demecheleer, M.
    (2006) Formulaic sequences and perceived oral proficiency: putting a Lexical Approach to the test. Language Teaching Research, 10(3), 245–261. doi:  10.1191/1362168806lr195oa
    https://doi.org/10.1191/1362168806lr195oa [Google Scholar]
  12. Boers, F., & Hoang, H.
    (2016) Re-telling a story in a second language: How well do adult learners mine an input text for multiword expressions?Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 6(3), 513–535. doi:  10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.7
    https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.7 [Google Scholar]
  13. Boers, F., & Lindstromberg, S.
    (2009) Optimizing a lexical approach to instructed second language acquisition. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230245006
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245006 [Google Scholar]
  14. (2012) Experimental and intervention studies on formulaic sequences in a second language. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, 83–110. doi:  10.1017/S0267190512000050
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190512000050 [Google Scholar]
  15. Boers, F., Lindstromberg, S., & Eyckmans, J.
    (2014a) Is alliteration mnemonic without awareness-raising?Language Awareness, 23(4), 291–303. doi:  10.1080/09658416.2013.774008
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2013.774008 [Google Scholar]
  16. (2014b) Some explanations for the slow acquisition of L2 collocations. VIAL – Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11, 41–62.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Chan, T.-P., & Liou, H.-C.
    (2005) Effects of web-based concordancing instruction on EFL students’ learning of verb-noun collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 18(3), 231–251. doi:  10.1080/09588220500185769
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220500185769 [Google Scholar]
  18. Chen, H.-J. H.
    (2011) Developing and evaluating a web-based collocation retrieval tool for EFL students and teachers. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(1), 59–76. doi:  10.1080/09588221.2010.526945
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2010.526945 [Google Scholar]
  19. Choi, S.
    (2017) Processing and learning of enhanced English collocations: An eye-movement study. Language Teaching Research, 21(3), 403–426. doi:  10.1177/1362168816653271
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816653271 [Google Scholar]
  20. Crossley, S. A., Salsbury, T., & Mcnamara, D. S.
    (2015) Assessing lexical proficiency using analytic ratings: A case for collocation accuracy. Applied Linguistics, 36(5), 570–590. doi:  10.1093/applin/amt056
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt056 [Google Scholar]
  21. Dai, Z., & Ding, Y.
    (2010) Effectiveness of text memorization in EFL learning of Chinese students. InD. Wood (Ed.), Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication (pp.71–87). New York, NY: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Daskalovska, N.
    (2015) Corpus-based versus traditional learning of collocations. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(2), 130–144. doi:  10.1080/09588221.2013.803982
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.803982 [Google Scholar]
  23. Davies, M.
    (n.d.). The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1900-present. corpus.byu.edu/coca/
  24. Dziemianko, A.
    (2014) On the presentation and placement of collocations in monolingual English learners’ dictionaries: Insights into encoding and retention. International Journal of Lexicography, 27(3), 259–279. doi:  10.1093/ijl/ecu012
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecu012 [Google Scholar]
  25. Erman, B., & Warren, B.
    (2000) The idiom principle and the open choice principle. Text, 20(1), 29–62. doi:  10.1515/text.1.2000.20.1.29
    https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.2000.20.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  26. Eyckmans, J., Boers, F., & Lindstromberg, S.
    (2016) The impact of imposing processing strategies on L2 learners’ deliberate study of lexical phrases. System, 56, 127–139. doi:  10.1016/j.system.2015.12.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.12.001 [Google Scholar]
  27. Forsberg, F.
    (2010) Using conventional sequences in L2 French. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 48(1), 25–51. doi:  10.1515/iral.2010.002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2010.002 [Google Scholar]
  28. Foster, P.
    (2001) Rules and routines: A consideration of their role in the task-based language production of native and non-native speakers. InM. Bygate, P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching, and testing (pp.75–93). Harlow, UK: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Granger, S.
    (1998) Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: Collocations and formulae. InA. P. Cowie (ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp.145–160). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Granger, S., & Bestgen, Y.
    (2014) The use of collocations by intermediate vs. advanced non-native writers: A bigram-based study. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 52(3), 229–252. doi:  10.1515/iral‑2014‑0011
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2014-0011 [Google Scholar]
  31. Horst, M., Cobb, T., & Meara, P.
    (1998) Beyond A Clockwork Orange: Acquiring second language vocabulary through reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 11, 207–223.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Jones, M., & S. Haywood
    (2004) Facilitating the acquisition of formulaic sequences: An exploratory study. InN. Schmitt (ed.), Formulaic sequences (pp.269–300). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.9.14jon
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.9.14jon [Google Scholar]
  33. Kim, M., Crossley, S. A., & Kyle, K.
    (2018) Lexical sophistication as a multidimensional phenomenon: Relations to second language lexical proficiency, development, and writing quality. The Modern Language Journal, 102, 120–141. doi:  10.1111/modl.12447
    https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12447 [Google Scholar]
  34. Komuro, Y.
    (2009) Japanese learners’ collocation dictionary retrieval performance. InA. Barfield & H. Gyllstad (Eds.), Researching collocations in another language: Multiple perspectives (pp.86–98). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230245327_7
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245327_7 [Google Scholar]
  35. Lai, S.-L., & Chen, H.-J. H.
    (2015) Dictionaries vs concordancers: Actual practice of the two different tools in EFL writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(4), 143–163. doi:  10.1080/09588221.2013.839567
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.839567 [Google Scholar]
  36. Laufer, B.
    (2011) The contribution of dictionary use to the production and retention of collocations in a second language. International Journal of Lexicography, 24(1), 29–49. doi:  10.1093/ijl/ecq039
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecq039 [Google Scholar]
  37. Laufer, B., & Girsai, N.
    (2008) Form-focused instruction in second language vocabulary learning: A case for contrastive analysis and translation. Applied Linguistics, 29(4), 694–716. doi:  10.1093/applin/amn018
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amn018 [Google Scholar]
  38. Laufer, B., & Waldman, T.
    (2011) Verb-noun collocations in second language writing: A corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61(2), 647–672. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9922.2010.00621.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00621.x [Google Scholar]
  39. Lewis, M.
    (1993) The lexical approach: The state of ELT and a way forward. Hove, UK: LTP.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. (1997) Implementing the Lexical Approach: Putting theory into practice. Hove, UK: LTP.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Li, J., & Schmitt, N.
    (2010) The development of collocation use in academic texts by advanced L2 learners: A multiple case study approach. InD. Wood (Ed.), Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication (pp.22–46). New York, NY: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Lin, P. M.
    (2012) Sound evidence: The missing piece of the jigsaw in formulaic language research. Applied Linguistics, 33, 342–347. 10.1093/applin/ams017
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams017 [Google Scholar]
  43. Lindstromberg, S.
    (2016) Guidelines, recommendations, and supplementary discussion. doi:  10.1177/1362168816651895. (Online supplement to Lindstromberg, S. (2016) Inferential statistics in Language Teaching Research: A review and ways forward. Language Teaching Research, 20(6), 741–768.)
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816651895 [Google Scholar]
  44. Lindstromberg, S., & Boers, F.
    (2008) Teaching Chunks of Language. Rum, Austria: Helbling Languages.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Meunier, F.
    (2012) Formulaic language and language teaching. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, 111–129. doi:  10.1017/S0267190512000128
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190512000128 [Google Scholar]
  46. Nassaji, H., & Tian, J.
    (2010) Collaborative and individual output tasks and their effects on learning English phrasal verbs. Language Teaching Research, 14(4), 397–419. doi:  10.1177/1362168810375364
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168810375364 [Google Scholar]
  47. Nation, I. S. P.
    (2013) Learning vocabulary in another language (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139858656
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139858656 [Google Scholar]
  48. Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D.
    (2007) A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9–13.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Nattinger, J., & DeCarrio, J.
    (1992) Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Nesselhauf, N.
    (2003) The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some implications for teaching. Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 223–242. doi:  10.1093/applin/24.2.223
    https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.2.223 [Google Scholar]
  51. Nguyen, C. D., & Boers, F.
    (2019) The effect of content retelling on vocabulary uptake from a TED talk. TESOL Quarterly, 53(1), 5–29. doi:  10.1002/tesq.441
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.441 [Google Scholar]
  52. Pawley, A., & Syder, F.
    (1983) Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. InJ. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp.191–226). New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Pellicer-Sánchez, A.
    (2017) Learning L2 collocations incidentally from reading. Language Teaching Research, 21(3), 381–402. doi:  10.1177/1362168815618428
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815618428 [Google Scholar]
  54. Pellicer-Sánchez, A., & Boers, F.
    (2018) Pedagogical approaches to the teaching and learning of formulaic language. InA. Siyanova-Chanturia & A. Pellicer-Sánchez (Eds.), Understanding formulaic language: A second language acquisition perspective (pp.153–173). New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315206615‑9
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206615-9 [Google Scholar]
  55. Peters, E.
    (2009) Learning collocations through attention-drawing techniques: A qualitative and quantitative analysis. InA. Barfield & H. Gyllstad (Eds.), Researching collocations in another language: Multiple perspectives (pp.194–207). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230245327_15
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230245327_15 [Google Scholar]
  56. (2012) Learning German formulaic sequences: The effect of two attention-drawing techniques. Language Learning Journal, 40(1), 65–79. doi:  10.1080/09571736.2012.658224
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2012.658224 [Google Scholar]
  57. (2016) The learning burden of collocations: The role of interlexical and intralexical factors. Language Teaching Research, 20(1), 113–138. doi:  10.1177/1362168814568131
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814568131 [Google Scholar]
  58. Peters, E., & Pauwels, P.
    (2015) Learning academic formulaic sequences. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 20(1), 28–39. doi:  10.1016/j.jeap.2015.04.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2015.04.002 [Google Scholar]
  59. Rogers, J., Webb, S., & Nakata, T.
    (2015) Do the cognacy characteristics of loanwords make them more easily learned than noncognates?Language Teaching Research, 19(1), 9–27. 10.1177/1362168814541752
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814541752 [Google Scholar]
  60. Schmitt, N.
    (2004) Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing, and use. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.9
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.9 [Google Scholar]
  61. Sinclair, J.
    (1991) Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Siyanova-Chanturia, A.
    (2015) Collocation in beginner learner writing: A longitudinal study. System, 53, 148–160. doi:  10.1016/j.system.2015.07.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.07.003 [Google Scholar]
  63. Siyanova-Chanturia, A. & Pellicer-Sánchez, A.
    (Eds.) (2018) Understanding formulaic language: A second language acquisition perspective. New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315206615
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206615 [Google Scholar]
  64. Stengers, H., & Boers, F.
    (2015) Exercises on collocations: A comparison of trial-and-error and exemplar-guided procedures. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 2(2), 152–164. doi:  10.1080/23247797.2015.1104030
    https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2015.1104030 [Google Scholar]
  65. Stengers, H., Boers, F., Housen, A., & Eyckmans, J.
    (2010) Does ‘chunking’ foster chunk-uptake?InS. De Knop, F. Boers and A. De Rycker (Eds.), Fostering language teaching efficiency through cognitive linguistics (pp.99–117). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110245837.99
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110245837.99 [Google Scholar]
  66. (2011) Formulaic sequences and L2 oral proficiency: Does the type of target language influence the association?International Review of Applied Linguistics, 49(4), 321–343. doi:  10.1515/iral.2011.017
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2011.017 [Google Scholar]
  67. Stengers, H., Deconinck, J., Boers, F., & Eyckmans, J.
    (2016) Does copying idioms promote their retention?Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29, 289–301. doi:  10.1080/09588221.2014.937723
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2014.937723 [Google Scholar]
  68. Strong, B., & Boers, F.
    (2019) The error in trial and error: Exercises on phrasal verbs. TESOL Quarterly, 53, 289–319. doi:  10.1002/tesq.478
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.478 [Google Scholar]
  69. Sun, C.-H.
    (2017) The value of picture-book reading-based collaborative output activities for vocabulary retention. Language Teaching Research, 21(1), 96–117. doi:  10.1177/1362168816655364
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816655364 [Google Scholar]
  70. Szudarski, P., & Carter, R.
    (2016) The role of input flood and input enhancement in EFL learners’ acquisition of collocations. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 26(2), 245–265. doi:  10.1111/ijal.12092
    https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12092 [Google Scholar]
  71. Thomson, H., Boers, F., & Coxhead, A.
    (2017) Replication research in pedagogical approaches to spoken fluency and formulaic sequences: A call for replication of Wood (2009) and Boers, Eyckmans, Kappel, Stengers & Demecheleer (2006). Language Teaching (online early view). doi:  10.1017/S0261444817000374
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000374 [Google Scholar]
  72. Vyatkina, N.
    (2016) Data-driven learning for beginners: The case of German verb-preposition collocations. Recall, 28(2), 207–226. doi:  10.1017/S0958344015000269
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344015000269 [Google Scholar]
  73. Webb, S.
    (2015) Extensive viewing: language learning through watching television. InD. Nunan & J. C. Richards (Eds.) Language Learning Beyond the Classroom (pp.159–168). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Webb, S., Newton, J., & Chang, A. C.-S.
    (2013) Incidental learning of collocation. Language Learning, 63(1), 91–120. doi:  10.1111/j.1467‑9922.2012.00729.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2012.00729.x [Google Scholar]
  75. Wood, D.
    (2010) Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication. New York: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Wray, A.
    (2002) Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511519772
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511519772 [Google Scholar]
  77. Zhang, X.
    (2017) Effects of receptive-productive integration tasks and prior knowledge of component words on L2 collocation development. System, 66, 156–167. doi:  10.1016/j.system.2017.03.019
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.03.019 [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/itl.18033.bui
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/itl.18033.bui
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): EFL; Formulaic language; multiword expressions; reading; vocabulary
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error