1887
image of A multi-corpus approach to the placement of however
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

While in recent years, many studies have been devoted to the frequency of connectors in second-language (L2) writing, the issue of connector placement has received scant attention. In this study we focus on the highly frequent and mobile connector to identify L2 learners’ placement preferences. The study aims to contribute to the current debate around the notions of nativeness/non-nativeness and expertise/noviceness, and for this purpose relies on three corpora that differ in terms of nativeness and expertise. The results show that novice writers with English as a first language (L1) are not significantly different from novice writers from other L1s, both populations favouring initial positioning of , while expert writers display more flexible positioning.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/itl.25002.dup
2025-09-16
2026-07-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alanazi, Z.
    (2024) An exploratory analysis of linking adverbials in research articles across different disciplines. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, (), –. 10.17507/tpls.1404.26
    https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1404.26 [Google Scholar]
  2. Alonso Belmonte, I.
    (2007) Newspaper editorials and comment articles: a ‘cinderella’ genre?RAEL: revista electrónica de lingüística aplicada, , –.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Altenberg, B., & Tapper, M.
    (1998) The use of adverbial connectors in advanced Swedish learner’s written English. InS. Granger (Ed.), Learner English on Computer (pp. –). Addison Wesley Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E.
    (1999) Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D.
    (2016) The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course (3rd ed.). Heinle & Heinle.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen, C.
    (2006) The use of conjunctive adverbials in the academic papers of advanced Taiwanese EFL learners. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, (), –. 10.1075/ijcl.11.1.05che
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.11.1.05che [Google Scholar]
  7. Cresswell, A.
    (2007) Getting to “know” connectors? Evaluating data-driven learning in a writing skills course. InE. Hidalgo, L. Quereda, & J. Santana (Eds.), Corpora in the Foreign Language Classroom (pp. –). Rodopi. 10.1163/9789401203906_018
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401203906_018 [Google Scholar]
  8. Dupont, M.
    (2021) Conjunctive Markers of Contrast in English and French. John Benjamins. 10.1075/scl.99
    https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.99 [Google Scholar]
  9. Field, Y., & Yip, L.
    (1992) A comparison of internal conjunctive cohesion in the English essay writing of Cantonese speakers and native speakers of English. RELC Journal, (), –. 10.1177/003368829202300102
    https://doi.org/10.1177/003368829202300102 [Google Scholar]
  10. Fries, P.
    (1994) On Theme, Rheme and discourse goals. InM. Coulthard (Ed.), Advances in Written Text Analysis (pp. –). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gilquin, G., Granger, S., & Paquot, M.
    (2007) Learner corpora: the missing link in EAP pedagogy. InP. Thompson (Ed.), Corpus-based EAP Pedagogy. Special issue ofJournal of English for Specific Purposes, (), –. 10.1016/j.jeap.2007.09.007
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2007.09.007 [Google Scholar]
  12. Granger, S., Dupont, M., Meunier, F., Naets, H., & Paquot, M.
    (2020) The International Corpus of Learner English. Version 3. Presses Universitaires de Louvain. 10.1017/CBO9781139649414
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649414 [Google Scholar]
  13. Granger, S., Gilquin, G., & Meunier, F.
    (Eds.) (2015) The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139649414
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139649414 [Google Scholar]
  14. Granger, S., & Tyson, S.
    (1996) Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English. World Englishes, (), –. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.1996.tb00089.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00089.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Güneş, H.
    (2017) A corpus-based study of linking adverbials through contrastive analysis of L1/L2 PhD dissertations. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, (), –.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ha, M.
    (2014) A corpus-based study on Korean EFL learners’ use of English logical connectors. International Journal of Contents, (), –. 10.5392/IJoC.2014.10.4.048
    https://doi.org/10.5392/IJoC.2014.10.4.048 [Google Scholar]
  17. Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C.
    (2014) Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. 10.4324/9780203783771
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783771 [Google Scholar]
  18. Han, C., & Gardner, S.
    (2021) However and other transitions in the Han CH-EN corpus. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, . 10.1016/j.jeap.2021.100984
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2021.100984 [Google Scholar]
  19. Harthan, C.
    (2022) Medially-Placed Linking Adverbials in Written Academic English. Peter Lang. 10.3726/b19655
    https://doi.org/10.3726/b19655 [Google Scholar]
  20. Larsson, T.
    (2019) A syntactic analysis of the introductory it-pattern in non-native-speaker and native speaker student writing. InV. Wiegand, & M. Mahlberg (Eds.), Corpus Linguistics, Context and Culture (pp. –). De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110489071‑012
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110489071-012 [Google Scholar]
  21. Larsson, T., Callies, M., Hasselgård, H., Laso, N. J., Van Vuuren, S., Verdaguer, I., & Paquot, M.
    (2020) Adverb placement in EFL academic writing: Going beyond syntactic transfer. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, (), –. 10.1075/ijcl.19131.lar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19131.lar [Google Scholar]
  22. Leedham, M., & Cai, G.
    (2013) Besides … on the other hand: using a corpus approach to explore the influence of teaching materials on Chinese students’ use of linking adverbials. Journal of Second Language Writing, (), –. 10.1016/j.jslw.2013.07.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2013.07.002 [Google Scholar]
  23. Lei, L.
    (2012) Linking adverbials in academic writing on applied linguistics by Chinese doctoral students. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, (), –. 10.1016/j.jeap.2012.05.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2012.05.003 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lenker, U.
    (2014) Knitting and splitting information: Medial placement of linking adverbials in the history of English. InS. E. Pfenninger, O. Timofeeva, A.-C. Gardner, A. Honkapohja, M. Hundt, & D. Schreier (Eds.), Contact, Variation, and Change in the History of English (pp. –). John Benjamins. 10.1075/slcs.159.02len
    https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.159.02len [Google Scholar]
  25. Leńko-Szymańska, A.
    (2008) Non-native or non-expert? The use of connectors in native and foreign language learners’ texts. Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère, , –. 10.4000/aile.4213
    https://doi.org/10.4000/aile.4213 [Google Scholar]
  26. Liu, D.
    (2008) Linking adverbials: An across-register corpus study and its implications. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, (), –. 10.1075/ijcl.13.4.05liu
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.13.4.05liu [Google Scholar]
  27. Marti, L., Yilmaz, S., & Bayyurt, Y.
    (2019) Reporting research in applied linguistics: The role of nativeness and expertise. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, , –. 10.1016/j.jeap.2019.05.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  28. Milton, J., & Shuk-Ching Tsang, E.
    (1993) A corpus-based study of logical connectors in EFL students’ writing: Directions for future research. InR. Pemberton, & E. Shuk-Ching Tsang (Eds.), Studies in Lexis. Working Papers from a Seminar (pp. –). The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Language Centre.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Narita, M., & Sugiura, M.
    (2006) The use of adverbial connectors in argumentative essays by Japanese EFL college students. English Corpus Studies, , –.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Neff, J., Ballesteros, F., Dafouz, E., Martinez, F., Rica-Peromingo, J.-P., Díez, M., & Prieto, R.
    (2004) Formulating writer stance: A contrastive study of EFL learner corpora. InU. Connor & T. Upton (Eds.), Applied Corpus Linguistics: A Multidimensional Perspective (pp. –). Brill. 10.1163/9789004333772_006
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004333772_006 [Google Scholar]
  31. R Core Team
    R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. https://www.R-project.org/
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Römer, U.
    (2009) English in academia: does nativeness matter?Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies, (), –.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rørvik, S., & Egan, T.
    (2013) Connectors in the argumentative writing of Norwegian novice writers. InS. Granger, G. Gilquin, & F. Meunier (Eds.), Twenty Years of Learner Corpus Research: Looking back, Moving ahead (pp. –). Presses universitaires de Louvain.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Scott, M.
    (2012) WordSmith Tools 6 [Computer software]. https://lexically.net/wordsmith/version6/
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Shin, Y. K.
    (2019) Do native writers always have a head start over nonnative writers? The use of lexical bundles in college students’ essays. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, , –. 10.1016/j.jeap.2019.04.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.04.004 [Google Scholar]
  36. Staples, S., & Reppen, R.
    (2016) Understanding first-year L2 writing: A lexico-grammatical analysis across L1s, genres, and language ratings. Journal of Second Language Writing, , –. 10.1016/j.jslw.2016.02.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.02.002 [Google Scholar]
  37. Van Vuuren, S., & Berns, J.
    (2018) Same difference? L1 influence in the use of initial adverbials in English novice writing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, (), –. 10.1515/iral‑2016‑0077
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0077 [Google Scholar]
  38. Walková, M.
    (2020) Transition markers in EAP textbooks. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, , . 10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100874
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100874 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/itl.25002.dup
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/itl.25002.dup
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keywords: connector ; word order ; expertise ; discourse ; nativeness
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error