Abstract
To be familiar with the kinds of formulaic expressions used by speakers of a language as markers of politeness, is a knowledg which is indispensable to the acquisition of communicative competence in lan-guage. Such expressions can present many pitfalls for the learner who is not fully aware of their conditions of use. A failure to grasp the often subtle differences between first language and target language formulas can lead to serious misunderstandings and misjudgements.
© 1990 John Benjamins Publishing Company
Article metrics loading...
/content/journals/10.1075/itl.89-90.01els
1990-01-01
2024-03-29
-
/content/journals/10.1075/itl.89-90.01els
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Full text loading...
References
-
Applegate, R.B.
(1975): The language teacher and the rules of speaking. TESOL Quarterly9\3: 271–81.
[Google Scholar]
-
Blum-Kulka, S.
(1984): Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP).Applied LinguisticsV\III: 169–213.
[Google Scholar]
-
Corder, S.P.
(1973): Introducing Applied Linguistics. Penguin Education.
-
Coulmas F.
(ed.) (1980): Conversational Routines: Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Pre-patterned Speech. The Hague: Mouton.
-
Davies, Eirlys E.
(1987): A contrastive approach to the analysis of politeness formulas. Applied LinguisticsVIII\I: 75–88.
[Google Scholar]
-
Drazdauskiene, M.L.
(1981): On stereotypes in conversation: their meaning and significance. In Coulmas (ed.) 1981a.
[Google Scholar]
-
Ferguson, C.A.
(1976): The structure and use of politeness formulas. Language in SocietyV: 137–51.
[Google Scholar]
-
Fraser, B.
(1980) On apologizing. In F. Coulmas (ed.): Conversation al Routines. The Hauge: Mouton.
[Google Scholar]
-
Grimshaw, A.D.
(1973): Rules, social interaction and language behaviour. TESOL Quarterly7\2: 98–115.
[Google Scholar]
-
Gumperz, J.J.
(1966): Linguistic repertoires, grammars, and second language instruction. In Dil (ed.): Language in social groups: Essays by John Gumperz. Stanford University House.
-
J. & G. Kasper
(1981): Politeness markers in English & German. In F. Coulmas (ed.)Routines: The Hague: Mouton.
-
Hymes, D.
(1971): On Communicative competence. In Pride and Holmes" (eds.): Sociolinguistics. London: Penguin (1972).
-
Leech, G.N.
(1983): Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
-
Levinson, S.
(1983): Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. press.
-
Richards, J.C. and M. Suskwiwat
(1983): Language transfer and conversational competence. Applied Linguistics4\2: 113–25.
[Google Scholar]
-
Scarcella, R. and J. Brunak
(1981): On speaking politely in a second language. International Journal of the Sociology of Language27:11–34. Scollon, R. and S.B. Sollon (1983): Face in interethnic communication. In Richards and Schmidt (eds.)1983.
[Google Scholar]
-
Schmidt, R.A. & J. Richards
(1980): Speech acts and Second language learning. Applied Linguistics1\2: 129–57.
[Google Scholar]
-
Thomas, J.
(1983): Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics4\2: 91–112.
[Google Scholar]
-
Widdowson, H.
(1978): Teaching Language as Communication. London: Oxford University press.
-
Zimin, S.
(1978): Sex of Speaker and Addressee in the Degree of Deference Used to Request and Apologize by First and Second Language Users. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Boston University.
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/itl.89-90.01els