1887
Volume 7, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2211-4742
  • E-ISSN: 2211-4750
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Daesh’s centralized media operations provide a steady stream of media products to citizens living in and around its controlled territories, with the result that several nations occupied or adjacent to the group have emerged as many of the most fruitful recruiting grounds for new members. To better understand the argumentation strategies targeting such audiences, this study examines the 119 infographics in the first 50 issues of Daesh’s official weekly Arabic newsletter, . The findings suggest that through a patterned application of statistical, historical, religious, and scientific arguments from authority to predictable topical areas, the infographics in al-Naba’ reinforce Daesh as a key source of information for the citizenry of the proclaimed caliphate.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jaic.17014.win
2018-05-07
2024-12-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Al-Naba’ infographic archive
    Al-Naba’ infographic archive 2016 The Certified Archive for Uploads. Al-Naba’ Newspaper, 18April 2016 Retrieved from /النبأ20%صحيفة/الرفع20%في20%المعتمد20%الأرشيف/​89.248.167.183/video/files/النبأ20%إنفوجرافيك
  2. Al-Hudhud, Ibrahim Salah
    2016 “Using religious texts for justifying acts of violence – Review and response.” Arab Media & Society. Retrieved fromwww.arabmediasociety​.com/?article=937
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Al-Shayea, Muhammad Abdel-Rahman
    1997The Meccan and Medinan in the Noble Qur’an. Retrieved fromhttps://ia800308.us.archive.org/12/items/MKIMDNi/MKIMDNi.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Al-Yaqoubi, Shaykh Muhammad
    2015Refuting ISIS: A Rebuttal of its Religious and Ideological Foundations. Sacred Knowledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Amlund, Jeanne , Janet Gaffney and Raymond W. Kulhavy
    1985 “Map feature content and text recall in good and poor readers.” Journal of Literacy Research17(4): 330–317. doi: 10.1080/10862968509547548
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10862968509547548 [Google Scholar]
  6. Archetti, Christina
    2014 “(Mis)communication Wars: Terrorism, counter-terrorism, and the media.” InPropaganda, Power and Persuasion: From World War I to Wikileaks, ed. by David Welch , 161–170. London: I.B. Tauris.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Baskaran, Archit
    2015 “The Islamic State (Daesh) healthcare paradox: A caliphate in crisis.” The Journal of Global Health. Retrieved fromwww.ghjournal.org/the-islamic-state-daesh-healthcare-paradox-a-caliphate-in-crisis/
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bauer, Kristóf
    2015 “How to Deal with the Islamic State? An Analysis of the Terrorist State.” Ms., Center for Geopolitics and Security in Realism Studies. Retrieved fromcgsrs.com/files/files/publications_1.pdf
  9. Bekhit, Elsayed
    2009 “Infographics in the United Arab Emirates newspapers.” Journalism10(4): 492–508. doi: 10.1177/1464884909104952
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909104952 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bochenski, Joseph M.
    1974 “An analysis of authority.” InAuthority, ed. by Frederick J. Adelman , 56–85. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. doi: 10.1007/978‑94‑010‑2031‑2_6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2031-2_6 [Google Scholar]
  11. Burke, Kenneth
    1969A Grammar of Motives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Chaiken, Shelly , Akiva Liberman and Alice Eagly
    1989 “Heuristic and systematic information processing within and beyond the persuasion context.” InUnintended Thought, ed. by James S. Uleman and John A. Bargh , 212–252. New York: Guilford.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cox, J. Robert
    1990 “Memory, critical theory, and the argument from history.” Argumentation and Advocacy27(1): 1–13.10.1080/00028533.1990.11951501
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00028533.1990.11951501 [Google Scholar]
  14. Cummings, Louise
    2014 “The ‘trust’ heuristic: Arguments from authority in public health.” Health Communication29(10): 1043–1056. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2013.831685
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.831685 [Google Scholar]
  15. Eagly, Alice H. and Shelly Chaiken
    1993The Psychology of Attitudes. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. El-Labban, Sherif Darwish
    2016 “Reading the media and cultural strategy of Daesh organization.” Journal of Arab Media & Society. Retrieved fromwww.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/​20160601113515_.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  17. El-Seifi, Hassan Niyazi
    2016 “Daesh’s use of social media.” Journal of Arab Media & Society. Retrieved fromwww.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/​20160601120115__.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Farrell, Thomas B.
    2008 “Rhetoric in history as theory and praxis: A blast from the past.” Philosophy and Rhetoric41(4): 323–336. doi: 10.1353/par.0.0017
    https://doi.org/10.1353/par.0.0017 [Google Scholar]
  19. Giere, Ronald N.
    2001 “A new framework for teaching scientific reasoning.” Argumentation15(1): 21–33. doi: 10.1023/A:1007880010975
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007880010975 [Google Scholar]
  20. Gill, Paul and Emily Corner
    2015 “Lone-actor terrorist use of the Internet and behavioural correlates.” InTerrorism Online: Politics, Law, Technology and Unconventional Violence, ed. by Lee Jarvis , Stuart MacDonald and Thomas M. Chen . London, UK: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gill, Paul , Emily Corner , Maura Conway , Amy Thornton , Mia Bloom and John Horgan
    2017 “Terrorist use of the Internet by the numbers: Quantifying behaviors, patterns, and processes.” Criminology & Public Policy16(1): 99–117.10.1111/1745‑9133.12249
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12249 [Google Scholar]
  22. Gill, Paul , John Horgan and Paige Deckert
    2013 “Bombing alone: Tracing the motivations and antecedent behaviors of lone-actor terrorists.” Journal of Forensic Sciences59(2): 425–435. doi: 10.1111/1556‑4029.12312
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12312 [Google Scholar]
  23. Griffin, Michael
    2004 “Picturing America’s ‘war on terrorism’ in Afghanistan and Iraq: Photographic motives as news frames.” Journalism5(4): 381–402. doi: 10.1177/1464884904044201
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884904044201 [Google Scholar]
  24. Griffin, Jeffrey L. and Robert L. Stevenson
    1996 “The influence of statistical graphics on newspaper reader recall.” Visual Communication Quarterly3(3): 9–11. doi: 10.1080/15551399609363328
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15551399609363328 [Google Scholar]
  25. Hashem, Azza
    2015 “The Lure of ISIS: Why is the Western Youth Attracted to Daesh?” Ms., Regional Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved fromrawabetcenter.com/archives/6604
  26. Halverson, Jeffrey R. , H. Lloyd Goodall and Steven R. Corman
    2011Master Narratives of Islamist Extremism. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978‑0‑230‑11723‑5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-11723-5 [Google Scholar]
  27. Ingram, Haroro J.
    2014 “Three traits of the Islamic State’s information warfare.” The RUSI Journal159 (6): 4–11. doi: 10.1080/03071847.2014.990810
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2014.990810 [Google Scholar]
  28. Kaplan, Michael
    2015 “Syrian’s civilian death toll: Number of ISIS victims in 2015 is much lower than Assad regime-inflicted casualties.” International Business TimesRetrieved fromwww.ibtimes.com/syrias-civilian-death-toll-number-isis-victims-2015-much-less-assad-regime-inflicted-2242839
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kelly, James D.
    1993 “The effects of display format and data density on time spent reading statistics in text, tables, and graphics.” Journalism Quarterly70(1): 140–149. doi: 10.1177/107769909307000116
    https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000116 [Google Scholar]
  30. Kovács, Attila
    2014 “The ‘new jihadists’ and the visual turn from al-Qa’ida to ISIL/ISIS/Da’ish.” Bitzpol Affairs2(5): 47–69.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. La Palm, Marita
    2014 “Concerning features of the apocalyptic cult in the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).” Foreign Policy Journal. Retrieved fromwww.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2014/10/28/concerning-features-of-an-apocalyptic-cult-in-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-the-levant-isil/
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lazard, Allison and Lucy Atkinson
    2015 “Putting environmental infographics center state: The role of the visuals at the elaboration likelihood model’s critical point of persuasion.” Science Communication37(1): 6–33. doi: 10.1177/1075547014555997
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547014555997 [Google Scholar]
  33. Leone, Massimo
    2015 “Propaganda mala fide: Towards a comparative semiotics of violent religious persuasion.” Semiotica2015(207): 631–655. doi: 10.1515/sem‑2015‑0057
    https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0057 [Google Scholar]
  34. Lombardi, Marco
    2015 “Islamic State communication project.” Sizurezza, Terrorismo E Societa1: 99–137.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. McCants, William
    2015The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. McGee, Michael C.
    1977 “The fall of Wellington: A case study of the relationship between theory, practice and rhetoric in history.” Quarterly Journal of Speech63(1): 28–42. doi: 10.1080/00335637709383364
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00335637709383364 [Google Scholar]
  37. Melki, Jad and Azza El-Masri
    2016 “The Paris attacks: Terror and recruitment.” InCountering Daesh Propaganda: Action-Oriented Research for Practical Policy Outcomes, ed. byThe Carter Center, 28–33. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/peace/conflict_resolution/countering-isis/counteringdaeshpropaganda-feb2016.pdf#page=30
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Milton, Daniel
    (2016, Oct). “Communication Breakdown: Unraveling the Islamic State’s Media Efforts.” Ms., Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, United States Military Academy. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ISMedia_Online.pdf
  39. Naji, Abu B.
    2006 “The Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage through which the Umma Must Pass.” Ms., Retrieved fromhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdf
  40. Nutting, Kurt
    2002 “Legal practices and the reason of the law.” Argumentation16(1): 109–131. doi: 10.1023/A:1014952008795
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014952008795 [Google Scholar]
  41. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
    Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2016 “Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq: 1 May – 31 October, 2015.” Ms. UNAMIRetrieved fromwww.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/​IQ/UNAMIReport1May31October2015.pdf
  42. Omar, Manal
    2016 Countering extremist propaganda with an Islamic approach. InCountering Daesh Propaganda: Action-Oriented Research for Practical Policy Outcomes, ed. byThe Carter Center, 55–63. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/peace/conflict_resolution/countering-isis/counteringdaeshpropaganda-feb2016.pdf#page=30
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Pasternack, Steve and Sandra H. Utt
    1990 “Reader use and understanding of newspaper infographics.” Newspaper Research Journal11(2): 28–41.10.1177/073953299001100204
    https://doi.org/10.1177/073953299001100204 [Google Scholar]
  44. Perelman, Chaïm and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca
    1969The New Rhetoric. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Peterson, Becky K.
    1983 “Tables and graphs improve reader performance and reader reaction.” Journal of Business Communication20(2): 47–55. doi: 10.1177/002194368302000204
    https://doi.org/10.1177/002194368302000204 [Google Scholar]
  46. Petty, Richard E. and John T. Caccioppo
    1986Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4612‑4964‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1 [Google Scholar]
  47. Pfau, Michael W.
    2005 “Evaluating conspiracy: Narrative, argument, and ideology in Lincoln’s ‘House Divided’ speech.” Argumentation and Advocacy42(2): 57–73.10.1080/00028533.2005.11821642
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00028533.2005.11821642 [Google Scholar]
  48. Poushter, Jacob
    2015 “In Nations with Significant Muslim Populations, Much Disdain for ISIS”. Ms., Pew Research Center. Retrieved fromwww.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/
  49. Prelli, Lawrence J.
    1989A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scientific Discourse. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Ramadan, Tariq
    2007In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Rasmussen, Nicholas J.
    2015 “Countering violent Islamist extremism: The urgent threat of foreign fighters and homegrown terror.” Testimony presented at Hearing before the House Committee on Homeland Security. Retrieved fromdocs.house.gov/meetings/HM/HM00/20150211/102901/HHRG-114-HM00-Wstate-RasmussenN-20150211.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Schmid, Alex P.
    2015 “Challenging the Narrative of the ‘Islamic State.’” Ms., International Centre for Counter-Terrorism-The Hague database. Retrieved fromicct.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ICCT-Schmid-Challenging-the-Narrative-of-the-Islamic-State-June2015.pdf
  53. Sedikides, Constantine and Tim Wildschut
    2016 “Past forward: Nostalgia as a motivational force.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/29211669910.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.008 [Google Scholar]
  54. Siboni, Gabi , Daniel Cohen and Tal Koren
    2015 “The Islamic State’s strategy in cyberspace.” Military and Strategic Affairs7(1): 127–144.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Smiciklas, Mark
    2012The Power of Infographics: Using Pictures to Communicate and Connect with Your Audiences. Indianapolis, IN: Que.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Styszynski, Marcin
    2014 “ISIS and Al Qaeda: Exposing the jihadist discourse.” Counter-Terrorist Trends and Analysis6(8): 9–14.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. “Support for ISIS in the Muslim world-perceptions vs. reality” 2015, Dec1. Metrocosm.com. Retrieved frommetrocosm.com/support-isis-muslim-world-perceptions-vs-reality/
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Tomé, Luís
    2015 “The <Islamic State>: Trajectory and reach a year after its self- proclamation as a <caliphate>.” Janus.net6(1): 116–139.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Toth, Christopher
    2013 “Revisiting a genre: Teaching infographics in business and professional communication courses.” Business Communication Quarterly76(4): 446–457. doi: 10.1177/1080569913506253
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569913506253 [Google Scholar]
  60. Utt, Sandra H. and Steve Pasternack
    1993 “Infographics today: Using qualitative device to display quantitative information.” Newspaper Research Journal14(3–4): 146–155.10.1177/073953299301400315
    https://doi.org/10.1177/073953299301400315 [Google Scholar]
  61. van Wilgenburg, Wladimir
    2015 “Fight them until there is no fitnah:” The Islamic State’s war with al-Qaeda,” Terrorism Monitor13(4): 6–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Vergani, Matteo and Ana-Maria Bliuc
    2015 “The evolution of the ISIS’ language: A quantitative analysis of the first year of Dabiq magazine.” Sicurezza, Terrorismo, e Societá2: 7–20.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. von Behr, Ines. von , Reding, Anais. , Edwards, Charles and Gribbon, Luke
    (2013) “Radicalisation in the Digital Era: The Use of the Internet in 15 Cases of Terrorism and Extremism.” Ms., Rand, Santa Monica, CA. Retrieved fromwww.rand.org/content/​dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf
  64. Wahid, Mary
    2015 “The Image: Reading Daesh’s Media Messages.” Ms., Arab Center for Research and Studies. Retrieved fromwww.acrseg.org/39703
  65. Walton, Douglas
    1997Appeal to Expert Opinion: Arguments from Authority. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Weiss, Michael and Hassan Hassan
    2015ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. New York, NY: Regan Arts.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Wellman, Carl
    1971Challenge and Response: Justification in Ethics. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Winter, Charlie
    2015 “Islamic State propaganda: Key elements of the group’s messaging.” Terrorism Monitor13(2): 7–11.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. 2016 “Totalitarianism 101: The Islamic State’s online propaganda strategy.” Lawfare. Retrieved fromhttps://www.lawfareblog.com/totalitarianism-101-islamic-states-offline-propaganda-strategy
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Woods, John and Douglas Walton
    1974 “Argumentation ad verecundiam.” Philosophy and Rhetoric7: 135–153.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Yahia, Maha
    2014 “The Fatal Attractiveness: 5 Reasons Youth Join Daesh.” Ms., Carnegie Endowment For International Peace. Retrieved fromcarnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=57251&lang=ar
  72. Young, James E.
    1988Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust Narrative and the Consequences of Interpretation. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Yourisk, Karen , Derek Watkins and Tom Giratikanon
    2016, Mar.22. “Where ISIS has directed and inspired attacks around the world.” New York Times. Retrieved fromwww.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/17/world/middleeast/map-isis-attacks-around-the-world.html?_r=0
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jaic.17014.win
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/jaic.17014.win
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error