1887
Volume 3, Issue 2
  • ISSN 2666-8882
  • E-ISSN: 2666-8890

Abstract

Abstract

English-medium instruction (EMI) research increasingly reports on students’ language-related challenges and a lack of academic and language support classes, collaboration between content and language teachers and overall teacher training. Our study explores EMI in Japan and China, two contexts where EMI has been referred to as emerging but is now “surging.” In these contexts, EMI is closely linked to English language proficiency goals, yet research on supporting students remains scarce. Data were collected via interviews and focus groups with students, English teachers and content teachers, who provided insights into approaches to EMI policy implementation, stakeholders’ attitudes, and the need for English for specific purposes (ESP) and English for specific academic purposes (ESAP). The results provide much needed insights for evidence-informed EMI policy implementation, curriculum development and teacher training. The study also provides insights into institutional infrastructure conducive to EMI policy, with findings revealing ESP needs of EMI students and the training needs of teaching staff. The study presented in this paper furthers the work that has been conducted in Anglophone settings on the complexity of ELT practitioner roles. The results also provide directions for future research.

Available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jemi.23011.gal
2024-05-17
2024-12-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jemi.23011.gal.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1075/jemi.23011.gal&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Airey, J.
    (2012) I don’t teach language. The linguistic attitudes of physics lecturers in Sweden. AILA Review, 25(25), 64–79. 10.1075/aila.25.05air
    https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.25.05air [Google Scholar]
  2. Aizawa, I. & Rose, H.
    (2020) High school to university transitional challenges in English medium instruction in Japan. System, 951, 102390, 1–14. 10.1016/j.system.2020.102390
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102390 [Google Scholar]
  3. Anthony, L.
    (2018) Introducing English for specific purposes. Routledge. 10.4324/9781351031189
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351031189 [Google Scholar]
  4. BALEAP
    BALEAP (nd). TEAP courses. BALEAP. https://www.baleap.org/resources/teap-courses
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Belcher, D.
    (2010) What ESP is and can be: An introduction. InD. Belcher (Ed.), English for specific purposes in theory and practice (pp.1–20). University of Michigan Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Benesch, S.
    (2001) Critical English for academic purposes: Theory, politics and practice. Erlbaum. 10.4324/9781410601803
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601803 [Google Scholar]
  7. Block, D.
    (2022) The dark side of EMI? A telling case for questioning assumptions about EMI in HE. Educational Linguistics, 1(1), 82–107. 10.1515/eduling‑2021‑0007
    https://doi.org/10.1515/eduling-2021-0007 [Google Scholar]
  8. Charles, M. and Pecorari, D.
    (2015) Introducing English for academic purposes. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315682129
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315682129 [Google Scholar]
  9. Dudley-Evans, T. & St. John, M. J.
    (1998) Developments in English for specific purposes. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Evans, S., & Morrison, B.
    (2011) Meeting the challenges of English-medium higher education: The first-year experience in Hong Kong. English for Specific Purposes, 30(3), 198–208. 10.1016/j.esp.2011.01.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.01.001 [Google Scholar]
  11. Fang, F. G.
    (2018) Review of English as a medium of instruction in Chinese universities today: Current trends and future directions. English Today, 34(1), 32–37. 10.1017/S0266078417000360
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078417000360 [Google Scholar]
  12. Flowerdew, J.
    (2016) English for specific academic purposes (ESAP) writing: Making the case. Writing and Pedagogy, 8(1), 5–32. 10.1558/wap.v8i1.30051
    https://doi.org/10.1558/wap.v8i1.30051 [Google Scholar]
  13. Galloway, N., Kriukow, J., & Numajiri, T.
    (2017) Internationalisation, higher education and the growing demand for English: An investigation into the English medium of instruction (EMI) movement in China and Japan. British Council.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Galloway, N., & Rose, H.
    (2021) English medium instruction and the English language practitioner. ELT Journal, 75(1), 33–41. 10.1093/elt/ccaa063
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa063 [Google Scholar]
  15. (2022) Cross-fertilisation, not bifurcation, of EMI and EAP. ELT Journal, 76(4), 538–546. 10.1093/elt/ccac033
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccac033 [Google Scholar]
  16. Galloway, N., & Ruegg, R.
    (2022) English medium instruction (EMI) lecturer support needs in Japan and China. System, 1051, 102728. 10.1016/j.system.2022.102728
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102728 [Google Scholar]
  17. Galloway, N., & Sahan, K.
    (2021) An investigation into English medium instruction in higher education in Thailand and Vietnam. British Council.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hakim, A., & Wingate, U.
    (2022) Mapping a way forward: Toward a shared EMI and EAP research agenda. ELT Journal, 76(4), 547–550. 10.1093/elt/ccac034
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccac034 [Google Scholar]
  19. Hyland, K.
    (2006) The “other” English: Thoughts on EAP and academic writing. The European English Messenger, 15(2), 34–38.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. (2022) English for specific purposes: What is it and where is it taking us?ESP Today, 10(2), 202–220. 10.18485/esptoday.2022.10.2.1
    https://doi.org/10.18485/esptoday.2022.10.2.1 [Google Scholar]
  21. Jiang, L., Zhang, L. J., & May, S.
    (2019) Implementing English-medium instruction (EMI) in China: Teachers’ practices and perceptions, and students’ learning motivation and needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(2), 107–119. 10.1080/13670050.2016.1231166
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1231166 [Google Scholar]
  22. Johns, A. M.
    (1981) Necessary English: A faculty survey. TESOL Quarterly, 151, 51–57. 10.2307/3586373
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3586373 [Google Scholar]
  23. Kuteeva, M., & Airey, J.
    (2014) Disciplinary differences in the use of English in higher education: Reflections on recent language policy developments. Higher Education, 67(5), 533–549. 10.1007/s10734‑013‑9660‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9660-6 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lasagabaster, D.
    (2018) Fostering team teaching: Mapping out a research agenda for English-medium instruction at university level. Language Teaching, 51(3), 400–416. 10.1017/S0261444818000113
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000113 [Google Scholar]
  25. Macaro, E.
    (2018) English medium instruction. Oxford University Press. 10.30687/978‑88‑6969‑227‑7/001
    https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-227-7/001 [Google Scholar]
  26. Macaro, E., & Tian, L.
    (2020) Developing EMI teachers through a collaborative research model. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(10), 1076–1091. 10.1080/01434632.2020.1862131
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1862131 [Google Scholar]
  27. McKinley, J., & Rose, H.
    (2022) English language teaching and English-medium instruction: Putting research into practice. Journal of English-Medium Instruction, 1(1), 85–104. 10.1075/jemi.21026.mck
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jemi.21026.mck [Google Scholar]
  28. Palanac, A.
    (2022) A shift from handmaidens to enlightened waiters: EAP practitioners for a grassroots Sanctuary movement. InM. Evans, B. Bond & A. Ding (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2019 BALEAP Conference: Innovation, Exploration and Transformation (pp.207–214). Garnet Education.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Pei, X., & Milner, J. O.
    (2016) Problems in transforming EGP teachers in China’s universities into ESP teachers. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(11) 2102 10.17507/tpls.0611.06
    https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.06 [Google Scholar]
  30. Raimes, A.
    (1991) Instructional balance: From theories to practices in the teaching of writing. InJ. Alatis (Ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics (pp.238–249). Georgetown University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rose, H.
    (2021) Students’ language-related challenges of studying through English: What EMI teachers can do. InD. Lasagabaster & A. Doiz (Eds.). Language use in English-medium instruction at university (pp.145–166). Routledge. 10.4324/9781003134534‑8
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003134534-8 [Google Scholar]
  32. Rose, H., Curle, S., Aizawa, I., & Thompson, G.
    (2020a) What drives success in English medium taught courses? The interplay between language proficiency, academic skills, and motivation. Studies in Higher Education, 45(11), 2149–2161. 10.1080/03075079.2019.1590690
    https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1590690 [Google Scholar]
  33. Rose, H., & McKinley, J.
    (2018) Japan’s English-medium instruction initiatives and the globalization of higher education. Higher Education, 751, 111–129. 10.1007/s10734‑017‑0125‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0125-1 [Google Scholar]
  34. (2024) Content and language integrated learning and English medium instruction. InL. Wei, Z. Hua & J. Simpson (Eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics (2nd ed., pp.95–107). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rose, H., McKinley, J., Xu, X., & Zhou, S.
    (2020b) Investigating policy and implementation of English medium instruction in higher education institutions in China. British Council.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sahan, K., Galloway, N., & McKinley, J.
    (2023) The role of English and the L1 in English medium instruction at universities in Vietnam and Thailand. InP. K. Sah & F. Fang (Eds.). Policies, politics, and ideologies of English-medium instruction in Asian universities (pp.95–108). Routledge. 10.4324/9781003173120‑9
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003173120-9 [Google Scholar]
  37. Selvi, A. F.
    (2020) Qualitative content analysis. InJ. McKinley & H. Rose (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of research methods in applied linguistics (pp.440–452). Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Thompson, G., Aizawa, I., Curle, S., & Rose, H.
    (2022) Exploring the role of self-efficacy beliefs and learner success in English medium instruction. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(1), 196–209. 10.1080/13670050.2019.1651819
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1651819 [Google Scholar]
  39. Tupas, R.
    (2018) Market English as medium of instruction: Education in neoliberal times. InR. Barnard & Z. Hasim (Eds.), English medium instruction programmes (pp.104–115). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315397627‑8
    https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315397627-8 [Google Scholar]
  40. Wilkinson, R.
    (2013) English-medium instruction at a Dutch university: Challenges and pitfalls. InA. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster & M. Sierra (Eds.) English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges (pp.3–24). Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wingate, U., & Hakim, A.
    (2022) Moving beyond “infancy”: Towards a cross-fertilization between EMI and EAP scholarship. ELT Journal, 76(4), 529–537. 10.1093/elt/ccac032
    https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccac032 [Google Scholar]
  42. Wu, J. F., & Tsai, H. L.
    (2022) Research trends in English as a medium of instruction: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1–18. 10.1080/01434632.2022.2088767
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2088767 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jemi.23011.gal
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/jemi.23011.gal
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error