Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic)*

References

1. Aikio, Ante
   2014 The Uralic-Yukaghir Lexical Correspondences: Genetic Inheritance, Language Contact or Chance Resemblance?Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen:–. 10.33339/fuf.86078
   https://doi.org/10.33339/fuf.86078 [Google Scholar]
2. Alekseenko, Evgenia A.
   1980 Ketskaja problema [The Ket Problem]. Ètnogenez narodov Severa [Ethnogenesis of the peoples of the North] ed. byIlya S. Gurvich, –. Moscow: Nauka.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Baxter, William H. & Alexis Manaster Ramer
   2000 Beyond Lumping and Splitting: Probabilistic Issues in Historical Linguistics. Time Depth in Historical Linguisticsed. byRenfrew Colin April McMahon & Larry Trask, –. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Berge, Anna
   2018 Re-evaluating the Reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut. Journal of Historical Linguistics:.–. 10.1075/jhl.17017.ber
   https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.17017.ber [Google Scholar]
5. Bergsland, Knut
   1994 Aleut Dictionary. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Campbell, Lyle
   2011 Review of ‘The Dene-Yeniseian Connection’ byJames Kari and Ben A. Potter (eds.). International Journal of American Linguistics:.–. 10.1086/660977
   https://doi.org/10.1086/660977 [Google Scholar]
7. Chlenova, Natalia L.
   1972 Xronologija pamjatnikov karasukskoj èpoxi [The Chronology of Monuments of the Karasuk Epoch]. Moscow: Nauka.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Chlenova, Natalia L.
   1975 Sootnošenie kul’tur karasukskogo tipa i ketskix toponimov na territorii Sibiri [The Correlation between Karasuk-Type Cultures and Ket Toponyms in Siberia]. Ètnogenez i ètničeskaja istorija narodov Severa [Ethnogenesis and History of the Peoples of the North] ed. byIlya S. Gurvich, –. Moscow: Nauka.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Dolgikh, Boris O.
   1960 Rodovoj i plemennoj sostav narodov Sibiri v XVII veke [The Tribal Composition of the Peoples of Siberia in the 17th Century]. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Dolgikh, Boris O.
    1961 O poxoronnom obrjade ketov [On the Ket Funeral Ritual]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya:–.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Driem, George van
    2001 Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language. Leiden: Brill.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Dulzon, Andrey P.
    1959 Ketskie toponimy Zapadnoj Sibiri [Ket Toponyms of Western Siberia]. Uchenye zapiski Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta:–.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Flegontov, Pavel, N. Ezgi Altınışık, Piya Changmai, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nicole Adamski, Deborah A. Bolnick, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Brendan J. Culleton, Olga Flegontova, T. Max Friesen, Choongwon Jeong, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Alexander M. Kim, Thiseas C. Lamnidis, Ann Marie Lawson, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Ben A. Potter, Jennifer Raff, Robert A. Sattler, Pontus Skoglund, Kristin Stewardson, Edward J. Vajda, Sergey Vasilyev, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Dennis H. O’Rourke, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich & Stephan Schiffels
    2019 Palaeo-Eskimo Genetic Ancestry and the Peopling of Chukotka and North America. Nature:.–. 10.1038/s41586‑019‑1251‑y
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y [Google Scholar]
14. Flegontov, Pavel, Piya Changmai, Anastassiya Zidkova, Maria D. Logacheva, N. Ezgi Altınışık, Olga Flegontova, Mikhail S. Gelfand, Evgeny S. Gerasimov, Ekaterina E. Khrameeva, Olga P. Konovalova, Tatiana Neretina, Yuri V. Nikolsky, George Starostin, Vita V. Stepanova, Igor V. Travinsky, Martin Tříska, Petr Tříska & Tatiana V. Tatarinova
    2016 Genomic Study of the Ket: A Paleo-Eskimo-Related Ethnic Group with Significant Ancient North Eurasian Ancestry. Scientific Reports:. 10.1038/srep20768
    https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20768 [Google Scholar]
15. Fortescue, Michael
    1998 Language Relations Across Bering Strait: Reappraising the Archaeological and Linguistic Evidence. London: Cassell.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Fortescue, Michael
    2011 The Relationship of Nivkh to Chukotko-Kamchatkan Revisited. Lingua:.–. 10.1016/j.lingua.2011.03.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2011.03.001 [Google Scholar]
17. Haspelmath, Martin
    2008 Loanword Typology: Steps Toward a Systematic Cross-Linguistic Study of Lexical Borrowability. Aspects of Language Contact: New Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Findings with Special Focus on Romancisation Processesed. byStolz Tomas Dik Bakker & Rosa Salas Paloma, –. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9783110206043.43
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110206043.43 [Google Scholar]
18. Holm, Sture
    1979 A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics:.–.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Jäger, Gerhard & Johann Mattis List
    2018 Using Ancestral State Reconstruction Methods for Onomasiological Reconstruction in Multilingual Word Lists. Language Dynamics and Change:.–. 10.1163/22105832‑00801002
    https://doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00801002 [Google Scholar]
20. Kari, James
    2010 The Concept of Geolinguistic Conservatism in Na-Dene Prehistory. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska:.–.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Kassian, Alexei S.
    2014 Lexical Matches Between Sumerian and Hurro-Urartian: Possible Historical Scenarios. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Kassian, Alexei S., George Starostin, Anna Dybo & Vasily Chernov
    2010 The Swadesh Wordlist: An Attempt at Semantic Specification. Journal of Language Relationship:–.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Kassian, Alexei S., George Starostin, Ilya M. Egorov, Ekaterina S. Logunova & Anna V. Dybo
    2021a Permutation Test Applied to Lexical Reconstructions Partially Supports the Altaic Linguistic Macrofamily. Evolutionary Human Sciences:. 10.1017/ehs.2021.28
    https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2021.28 [Google Scholar]
24. Kassian, Alexei S., George S. Starostin & Mikhail A. Zhivlov
    2015a Proto-Indo-European-Uralic Comparison from the Probabilistic Point of View. Journal of Indo-European Studies:–.–.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Kassian, Alexei S., George S. Starostin & Mikhail A. Zhivlov
    2015b Lexicostatistics, Probability, and Other Matters. Journal of Indo-European Studies:–.–.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Kassian, Alexei S., Mikhail A. Zhivlov, George S. Starostin, Artem A. Trofimov, Petr A. Kocharov, Anna Kuritsyna & Mikhail N. Saenko
    2021b Rapid Radiation of the Inner Indo-European Languages: An Advanced Approach to Indo-European Lexicostatistics. Linguistics:.–. 10.1515/ling‑2020‑0060
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0060 [Google Scholar]
27. Kilani, Marwan
    2015 Calculating False Cognates: An Extension of the Baxter & Manaster-Ramer Solution and its Application to the Case of Pre-Greek. Diachronica:.–. 10.1075/dia.32.3.02kil
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.3.02kil [Google Scholar]
28. Kiselev, Sergey V.
    1951 Drevnjaja istorija Juzhnoj Sibiri [The Ancient History of South Siberia]. Moscow: Nauka.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Krauss, Michael E.
    1976 Na-Dene. Native Languages of the Americased. byThomas A. Sebeok, –. New York: Springer. 10.1007/978‑1‑4757‑1559‑0_8
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1559-0_8 [Google Scholar]
30. Legrand, Sophie
    2006 The Emergence of the Karasuk Culture. Antiquity.–. 10.1017/S0003598X00094461
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00094461 [Google Scholar]
31. Makarov, Nikolay P. & Mikhail S. Batashev
    2004 Cultural Origins of the Taiga-Dwelling Peoples of the Middle Yenisei. Languages and Prehistory of Central Siberiaed. byEdward J. Vajda, –. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cilt.262.19mak
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.262.19mak [Google Scholar]
32. Mudrak, Oleg A. & Sergei L. Nikolaev
    1989 Gilyak and Chukchi-Kamchatkan as Almosan-Keresiouan Languages: Lexical Evidence (Preliminary Report). Explorations in Language Macrofamilies: Materials from the First International Interdisciplinary Symposium on Language and Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 8–12 November, 1988ed. byVitalij V. Shevoroshkin, –. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Nichols, Johanna
    2010 Proving Dene-Yeniseian Genealogical Relatedness. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska:–.–.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Nikolaev, Sergei L.
    2015 Toward the Reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian-Wakashan: Part 1: Proof of the Algonquian-Wakashan Relationship. Journal of Language Relationship:–. 10.31826/jlr‑2015‑131‑206
    https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2015-131-206 [Google Scholar]
35. Nikolaeva, Irina A.
    2006 A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110892840
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110892840 [Google Scholar]
36. Novgorodova, Eleonora A.
    1970 Central’naja Azia i karasukskaja problema [Central Asia and the Karasuk Problem]. Moscow: Nauka.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Oswalt, Robert L.
    1970 The Detection of Remote Linguistic Relationships. Computer Studies in the Humanities and Verbal Behavior:–.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Pakendorf, Brigitte
    2007 Contact in the Prehistory of the Sakha (Yakuts): Linguistic and Genetic Perspectives. Utrecht: LOT (Landelijke Onderzoekschool Taalwetenschap).
    [Google Scholar]
39. Pozdniakov, Konstantin I.
    2014 O poroge rodstva i indekse stabilʹnosti v bazisnoj leksike pri massovom sravnenii: atlantičeskie jazyki [On the Threshold of Relationship and the “Stability Index” of Basic Lexicon in Mass Comparison: Atlantic Languages]. Journal of Language Relationship:–.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Ruhlen, Merritt
    1994 On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 10.1515/9781503622357
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503622357 [Google Scholar]
41. Ruhlen, Merritt
    1998 The Origin of the Na-Dene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences:.–. 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994 [Google Scholar]
42. Salminen, Tapani
    2002 Problems in the Taxonomy of the Uralic Languages in the Light of Modern Comparative Studies. Lingvističeskij bespredel: Sbornik statej k 70-letiju A. I. Kuznecovojed. byT. B. Agranat & O. A. Kazakevich, –. Moscow: MGU.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Sammallahti, Pekka
    1988 Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages. The Uralic Languages. Description, History and Foreign Influencesed. byDenis Sinor, –. Leiden: Brill. 10.1163/9789004492493_021
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004492493_021 [Google Scholar]
44. Starostin, Sergei A.
    2005 Sino-Caucasian Etymology. The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Projected. bySergei A. Starostin. Online: starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/main.cgi
    [Google Scholar]
45. Starostin, Sergei A.
    2007 Opredelenie ustojčivosti bazisnoj leksiki [Defining the Stability of Basic Lexicon]. Trudy po jazykoznaniju [Works on Linguistics], –. Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kul’tur.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Starostin, George S.
    2010 Dene-Yeniseian and Dene-Caucasian: Pronouns and Other Thoughts. Alaska Native Language Center Working Papers:–.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Starostin, George S.
    2012 Dene-Yeniseian: A Critical Assessment. Journal of Language Relationship:–. 10.31826/jlr‑2012‑080109
    https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2012-080109 [Google Scholar]
48. Starostin, George S.
    2016 From Wordlists to Proto-Wordlists: Reconstruction as ‘Optimal Selection’. Faits de langues:.–. 10.1163/19589514‑047‑01‑900000012
    https://doi.org/10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000012 [Google Scholar]
49. Starostin, Sergei A. & Merritt Ruhlen
    1994 Proto-Yeniseian Reconstructions, with Extra-Yeniseian Comparisons. On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy, –. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 10.1515/9781503622357‑006
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503622357-006 [Google Scholar]
50. Svyatko, Svetlana V., James P. Mallory, Eileen M. Murphy, Andrey V. Polyakov, Paula J. Reimer & Rick J. Schulting
    2009 New Radiocarbon Dates and a Review of the Chronology of Prehistoric Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia. Radiocarbon:.–. 10.1017/S0033822200033798
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200033798 [Google Scholar]
51. Syrjänen, Kaj, Terhi Honkola, Kalle Korhonen, Jyri Lehtinen, Outi Vesakoski & Niklas Wahlberg
    2013 Shedding More Light on Language Classification Using Basic Vocabularies and Phylogenetic Methods: A Case Study of Uralic. Diachronica:.–. 10.1075/dia.30.3.02syr
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.3.02syr [Google Scholar]
52. Thomason, Sarah Grey & Terrence Kaufman
    1988 Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520912793
    https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520912793 [Google Scholar]
53. Vadetskaya, Elga B.
    1986 Arxeologičeskie pamjatniki v stepjax Srednego Eniseja [Archaeological Sites in the Middle Yenisei Steppes]. Leningrad: Nauka.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Vajda, Edward J.
    2001 Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. Richmond: Curzon.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Vajda, Edward J.
    2010a A Siberian Link with the Na-Dene Languages. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska:–.–.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Vajda, Edward J.
    2010b Yeniseian, Na-Dene, and Historical Linguistics. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska:–.–.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Vajda, Edward J.
    2012 The Dene-Yeniseian Connection: A Reply to G. Starostin. Journal of Language Relationship:–. 10.31826/jlr‑2012‑080110
    https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2012-080110 [Google Scholar]
58. Walworth, Mary
    2017 Reo Rapa: A Polynesian Contact Language. Journal of Language Contact:.–. 10.1163/19552629‑01001006
    https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01001006 [Google Scholar]
59. Zhivlov, Mikhail
    2022 Leksičeskie innovacii i klassifikacija uralʹskix jazykov [Lexical Innovations and Classification of the Uralic Languages]. Hämeenmaalta Jamalille. Kirja Tapani Salmiselleed. byKaheinen Kaisla, Larisa Leisiö, Riku Erkkilä & Toivo E. H. Qiu, –. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto.
    [Google Scholar]