1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Journal of Historical Linguistics
  4. Volume 11, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 11, Issue 3
  • ISSN 2210-2116
  • E-ISSN: 2210-2124
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This paper examines the history of aspiration in Eastern Balochi and aims to posit the course of its development and the extent to which it can be said to be contrastive. It uses primary data obtained by the author directly from various locales and compares sets of these data with the secondary data available on Balochi from 19th and early 20th century material. I maintain that, historically, voiceless aspiration arose word-initially in Eastern Balochi, in the sounds /p t č k/, and spread from there to other positions. In the discussion of aspiration, literature on Balochi has seen the question of influence from the neighbouring Indo-Aryan languages as an important problem. In this paper it is argued that equally relevant to the issue are two other important historical phenomena: post-vocalic lenition of stops and affricates, and gemination, a widely found but less well explored feature of Balochi. Also observed in Eastern Balochi, but less frequently remarked upon, is the breathiness found in voiced stops and affricate, a feature hitherto understood to be restricted to a small lexicon borrowed from Indo-Aryan. Focusing on a large number of Eastern Balochi varieties rather than seeing it as a unified whole, I attempt to show that contrastive status of aspiration appears to be gradually developing in these varieties. Many processes are leading in this direction, such as degemination and fortition of fricatives; among these one important diagnostic for the ultimate status of aspiration, I propose, is the .

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
2021-09-21
2024-12-09

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Balochistan District Gazetteer
    Balochistan District Gazetteer 1907 Loralai District. Vol.II. Allahbad: Pioneer Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bashir, Elena
    2008 Some transitional features of Eastern Balochi: An areal and diachronic perspective. InCarina Jahani, Agnes Korn and Paul Titus (eds.), The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan, 45–82. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bijankhan, M. and M. Nourbakhsh
    2009 Voice onset time in Persian initial and intervocalic stop production. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 39:03. 335–364. 10.1017/S0025100309990168
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100309990168 [Google Scholar]
  4. Birahimani, Ali H.
    2021 Some consequences of lenition on the verb system of Eastern Balochi. Unpublished Manuscript. titus.uni-frankfurt.de/icil9/program.htm
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 2020 Some observations on aspiration and glottal fricatives in languages with a phonological contrast. Lingua. 244. 10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102895
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102895 [Google Scholar]
  6. Birmani, A. H. and Ahmed, F.
    2017 Language of the Khetrans of Barkhan of Pakistani Balochistan: A preliminary description. Lingua191–192. 10.1016/j.lingua.2016.12.003
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2016.12.003 [Google Scholar]
  7. Burton, Richard
    1849 A Grammar of Jataki or Belochki Dialect. Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal3:1. 84–125.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Dames, Mansel L.
    1881 A Sketch of the Northern Balochi Language, containing a grammar, vocabulary and specimens of the language. Calcutta: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Dames, Mansel L.
    1904 The Baloch race: A Historical and Ethnological sketch. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 1907 Popular Poetry of the Baloches. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 1922 A textbook of the Balochi language: Consisting of Miscellaneous Stories, Legends, Poems, and a Balochi-English Vocabulary. Lahore: Government Print of Punjab.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Davis, Stuart and Mi-Hui Cho
    2003 The distribution of aspirated stops and /h/ in American English and Korean: an alignment approach with typological implications. Linguistics41:4. 607–652. 10.1515/ling.2003.020
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2003.020 [Google Scholar]
  13. Delforooz, Behrooz B.
    2008 ‘A Sociolinguistic Survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan’. InCarina Jahani, Agnes Korn, and Paul Titus (eds.), The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan, 23–43. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Elfenbein, Josef
    1966 The Baluchi Language: A Dialectology with Texts. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 1982 Notes on the Balochi-Brahui Linguistic Commensality. Transactions of the Philological Society80:1. 77–98. 10.1111/j.1467‑968X.1982.tb01195.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1982.tb01195.x [Google Scholar]
  16. 1987 A periplus of the ‘Brahui problem’. Studia Iranica16:2. 215–233. 10.2143/SI.16.2.2014604
     https://doi.org/10.2143/SI.16.2.2014604 [Google Scholar]
  17. 1994 ‘Notes on Khetrāni phonology’. InStudien zur Indologie und Iranistik. 19: 71–82.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 1997 ‘Balochi Phonology’. InAlan S. Kaye (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, 761–776. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. 1997 ‘Pashto Phonology’. InAlan S. Kaye, (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, 733–760. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 2009 ‘Eastern Hill Balochi’. InExegisti monumenta Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams, 95–104. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Farrell, Tim
    2003 ‘Linguistic Influences on the Balochi spoken in Karachi’. InCarina Jahani and Agnes Korn (eds.), The Baloch and Their Neighbours. Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times, 169–210. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Geiger, Wilhelm
    1889 Dialektspaltung im Balūčī. Abhandlungen der I, 65–92. Classe der Koniglich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. 1890 Etymologie des Balūčī. Abhandlungen der I, 105–154. Classe der Koniglich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 1891 Lautlehre des Balūčī. Abhandlungen derII, 397–464. Classe der Koniglich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Gilbertson, George W.
    1923 The Balochi Language: A grammar and manual. Hertford.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Gippert, J., Martinez, J., and Korn, A.
    2016, April01. Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text und Sprachmaterialien. RetrievedFebruary 06, 2021, fromtitus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/bal-dial.jpg
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Gladstone, Cecil Ernest
    1874 Biluchi Hand-book. Lahore: I. P. O. Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Grierson, George A.
    1921 ‘Balōchī’. InLinguistic Survey of India. Eranian Family. Calcutta. VolX. 327–421.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hickey, Raymond
    1997 ‘Sound change and typological shift: Initial mutation in Celtic’. InJacek Fisiak (ed.), Linguistic Typology and Reconstruction, 133–182. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Iverson, G. K. and Salmons, J. C.
    1995 Aspiration and laryngeal representation in Germanic. Phonology12:3, 369–396. 10.1017/S0952675700002566
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675700002566 [Google Scholar]
  31. Jahani, Carina
    1989 Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language. Uppsala: Uppsala University.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Jahani, Carina and Agnes Korn
    2009 ‘Balochi’. InGernot Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages, 634–692. London & New York: Routeledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Janda, Richard
    1999 ‘Accounts of phonemic split have been greatly exaggerated – but not enough’. InProceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco. 329–332.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Jukes, Andrew
    1900 Dictionary of the Jatki or Western Punjabi language. Lahore: Religious Book and Tract Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Keating, Patricia, Taehong Cho, Cécile Fougeron and Chai-Shune Hsu
    2004 ‘Domain-initial strengthening in four languages’. InJ. Local, R. Ogden, and R. Temple (eds.), Phonetic interpretation, 143–161. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kieffer, Charles M.
    2009 ‘Parachi’. InGernot Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages, 693–720. London & New York: Routeledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Korn, Agnes
    2003 ‘Balochi and the concept of North-Western Iranian’. InCarina Jahani and Agnes Korn (eds.), The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times, 49–60. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. 2005 Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary. (Beitriige zur Iranistik) Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Leech, R.
    1838 ‘Grammar of the Balochky Language’. InJournal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal. 7:2, pp.608–620. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Lewis, Rev. Arthur
    1885 Balochi Stories. Allahabad: Allahabad Mission Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Marotta, Giovanna
    2008 ‘Lenition in Tuscan Italian (Gorgia Toscana)’. InHarry van der Hulst, Jan Koster and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.). Lenition and Fortition (Studies in Generative Grammar 99), 235–272. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110211443.2.235
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110211443.2.235 [Google Scholar]
  42. Masica, Colin P.
    1991 The Indo-Aryan Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Mockler, Edward
    1877 A Grammar of the Balochee Language, as it is Spoken in Makrān (ancient Gedrosia), in the Persi-Arabic Character. London: Henry S. King & Co.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Morgenstierne, Georg
    1932 Notes on Balochi Etymology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprokvidenskap5.37–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 1926 Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan. Oslo. Instituttet for Sammenlingende Kulturforskning.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. 1948 Balochi Miscellanea. Acta Orientalia. Leiden. VolXX. 253–292.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Nourzaei, Mariam and Carina Jahani
    2012 ‘The Distribution and Role of the Verb Clitic =a/a= in Different Balochi Dialects’. InGeoffrey Haig and Carina Jahani (eds.) Orientalia Suecana. VolLXI. 170–186.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Öğüt, F., M. A. Kiliç, E. Z. Engin, and R. Midilli
    2006 Voice onset times for Turkish stop consonants. Speech Communications48. 1094–1099. 10.1016/j.specom.2006.02.003
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2006.02.003 [Google Scholar]
  49. Pierce, E.
    1874 A description of the Mekranee-Beloochee dialect. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. Bombay. VolXI. 1–98.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Rossi, Adriano
    1979 ‘Phonemics in Balōčī and modern dialectology’. InGherardo Gnoli and Adriano Rossi (eds.), Iranica, 161–232. Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Shackle, Christopher
    1976 The Siraiki Language of Central Pakistan: A Reference Grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Skjærvø, Prods O.
    2009 ‘Old Iranian’. InGernot Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages, 43–195. New York: Routeledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Socanac, Lelija
    1996 Phonological Adaptation of Anglicisms in Italian: Phoneme Redistribution; (Fonoloska adaptacija anglicizama u talijanskom jeziku: fonemska redistribucija SO). Suvremena Lingvistika. 41–42:1–2. 571–581.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Spooner, Brian
    1988 Baluchistan I: Geography, History, Ethnography. Encyclopaedia Iranica. VolIII. 598–632.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Szigetvári, Péter
    2008 ‘What and Where?’ InHarry van der Hulst, Jan Koster and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), Lenition and Fortition (Studies in Generative Grammar 99), 93–130. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110211443.1.93
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110211443.1.93 [Google Scholar]
  56. Thomason, Sara. G.
    2001 Language Contact. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
Loading
Reviewing the history and development of aspiration in Eastern Balochi
Journal of Historical Linguistics 11, 457 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.19010.bir
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): aspiration; diachrony; Eastern Balochi; language contact; transposition of glottal fricative; variation

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error