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Abstract

Abstract

Khalkha Mongolian has recruited two new, addressee-oriented demonstratives from the spatial nouns - ‘close side of’ and - ‘remote side of’ with the attribute- or argument-referring suffix -. With proximal , the addressee is close to and can sense the referent; with distal , the referent is somewhat distant from the addressee. In their demonstrative function, / usually combine with either the second person possessive clitic = or with a second person subject and the reflexive-possessive clitic =, so as to render orientation towards the addressee explicit (e.g., ‘the person on remote side’), though these markers can be left out under certain circumstances. Distributionally, demonstrative / resemble the speaker-centered demonstratives ‘this’ and ‘that’ rather than other spatial nouns such as ‘upper’. Among other spatial cases forms, the locatives / can express addressee-orientation, while allatives in cannot. / also fulfill discourse-deictic anaphoric uses.

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2025-05-15
2025-06-24
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