1887
Volume 7, Issue 1-2
  • ISSN 2210-2116
  • E-ISSN: 2210-2124
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

In this article, I investigate the diachronic development of a construction in Modern Spanish. It consists of an epistemic or evidential modifier followed by the complementizer (hence Adv+C) that heads root clauses ( ‘Surely he/she will come’). I demonstrate that the distributional, semantic, and pragmatic properties support a monoclausal analysis for Modern Spanish Adv+C as well as for its historical source construction. I propose a cartographic analysis associating Adv+C and the source construction with a low position in Rizzi’s split CP. Supported by corpus data, I identify a verum focus construction (Aff+C) as the origin of Adv+C. I claim that the loss of the verum interpretation triggers the reanalysis of the construction. This ultimately gives rise to its productive extension to other epistemic and evidential modifiers.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.04koc
2017-11-23
2025-02-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. CdE Davies, Mark 2002– Corpus del Español: 100 million words, 1200s–1900s. Available online atwww.corpusdelespanol.org.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. CORDEReal Academia Española (online): Corpus diacrónico del español (CORDE). Available online atwww.rae.es.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. CREAReal Academia Española (online): Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual. Available online atwww.rae.es.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
    2004Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Barðdal, Jóhanna
    2008Productivity: Evidence from case and argument structure in Icelandic. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.8
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.8 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bartra, Anna & Avellina Suñer
    1997 Inert Agreement Projections and the Syntax of Bare Adjectives. Probus9:1.1–31. doi: 10.1515/prbs.1997.9.1.1
    https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.1997.9.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  7. Batllori, Montserrat & Maria-Lluïsa Hernanz
    2008 Emphatic Polarity from Latin to Romance. University of Girona and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona unpublished manuscript.
  8. Belletti, Adriana
    2013 On Fin: Italian che, Japanese no, and the selective properties of the copula in clefts. Deep Insights, Broad Perspectives. Essays in Honor of Mamoru Saitoed. by Yoichi Miyamoto , Daiko Takahashi , Hideki Maki , Masao Ochi , Koji Sugisaki , & Asako Uchibori , 41–55. Tokyo: Kaitakusha Co., Ltd.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Buesa García, Carlos
    2011 El hueco de sujeto en español y algunas consecuencias teóricas y empíricas. Cuadernos de la ALFAL3.7–18.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Büring, Daniel
    2006 Intonation und Informationsstruktur. Text – Verstehen. Grammatik und darüber hinaused. by Hardarik Blühdorn , Eva Breindl , & Ulirich H. Waßner , 144–163. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Campbell, Lyle & Richard Janda
    2000 Introduction: Conceptions of grammaticalization and their problems. Language Sciences23:2–3.93–112. doi: 10.1016/S0388‑0001(00)00018‑8
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0388-0001(00)00018-8 [Google Scholar]
  12. Chafe, Wallace L.
    1994Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1999Adverbs and Functional Heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cornillie, Bert
    2009 Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality: On the close relationship between two different categories. Functions of Language16:1.44–62. doi: 10.1075/fol.16.1.04cor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.16.1.04cor [Google Scholar]
  15. Cruschina, Silvio
    2015 The Expression of Evidentiality and Epistemicity: Cases of grammaticalization in Italian and Sicilian. Probus27:1.1–31. doi: 10.1515/probus‑2013‑0006
    https://doi.org/10.1515/probus-2013-0006 [Google Scholar]
  16. Cruschina, Silvio & Eva-Maria Remberger
    . To appear. Before the Complementizer: Adverb types and root clause modification. Adjective – Adverb Interfaces in Romance ed. by Martin Hummel & Salvador Valera . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.242.04cru
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.242.04cru [Google Scholar]
  17. Demonte, Violeta & Olga Fernández Soriano
    2009 Force and Finiteness in the Spanish Complementizer System. Probus21:1.23–49. doi: 10.1515/prbs.2009.002
    https://doi.org/10.1515/prbs.2009.002 [Google Scholar]
  18. 2014 Evidentiality and Illocutionary Force: Spanish matrix que at the syntax-pragmatics interface. Left Sentence Peripheries in Spanish: Diachronic, Variationist, and Typological Perspectivesed. by Andreas Dufter & Alvero O. de Toledo , 217–252. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Dendale, Patrick & Liliane Tasmowski
    2001 Introduction: Evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics33:3.339–348. doi: 10.1016/S0378‑2166(00)00005‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00005-9 [Google Scholar]
  20. Diewald, Gabriele
    1997Grammatikalisierung: Eine Einführung in Sein und Werden grammatischer Formen. Niemeyer: Tübingen. doi: 10.1515/9783110946673
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110946673 [Google Scholar]
  21. Eguren, Luis & Cristina Sánchez
    2007 Grammar and History of Spanish cierto . Proceedings of the Workshop Definiteness, Specificity and Animacy in Ibero-Romance Languagesed. by Georg A. Kaiser , 1–22. Konstanz: Universität Konstanz.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Estellès, Maria
    2009 Spanish Digressive Markers por cierto and a propósito . Current Trends in Diachronic Semantics and Pragmaticsed. by Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen & Jacqueline Visconti , 123–145. Leiden: Brill. doi: 10.1163/9789004253216_008
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004253216_008 [Google Scholar]
  23. Etxepare, Ricardo
    1997The Grammatical Representation of Speech Events. University of Maryland PhD thesis.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Fábregas, Antonio & Raquel González
    2016 Building Negative Events. Unpublished manuscript.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Frascarelli, Mara & Roland Hinterhölzl
    2007 Types of Topics in German and Italian. On Information Structure, Meaning and Form: Generalizations Across Languagesed. by Kerstin Schwabe & Susanne Winkler , 87–116. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.100.07fra
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.100.07fra [Google Scholar]
  26. Freites Barros, Francisco
    2006 El marcador de discurso Claro: funcionamiento pragmático, metadiscursivo y organizador de la estructura temática. VERBA33.261–279.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Giorgi, Alessandra
    2010About the Speaker. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. González, Montserrat
    2005 An Approach to Catalan Evidentiality. Intercultural Pragmatics2:4.515–540. doi: 10.1515/iprg.2005.2.4.515
    https://doi.org/10.1515/iprg.2005.2.4.515 [Google Scholar]
  29. 2014 Evidentiality, Intersubjectivity and Salience in Spanish and Catalan Markers claro/clar and la verdad/veritat . Intercultural Pragmatics11:3.409–434. doi: 10.1515/ip‑2014‑0019
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0019 [Google Scholar]
  30. Haegeman, Liliane
    2004 Topicalization, CLLD and the Left Periphery. ZAS Papers in Linguistics35:1.157–192.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Hernanz, M. Lluísa
    2007 From Polarity to Modality: Some (a)symmetries between bien and in Spanish. Studies in Spanish Syntaxed. by Luis Eguren & Olga Fernández-Soriano , 105–150. Venice: Cafoscarina.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hernanz, M. Lluísa & Gemma Rigau
    2006 Variación dialectal y periferia izquierda. Andolin Gogoan: Essays in Honour of Professor Eguzkitzaed. by Beatriz Fernández & Itziar Laka , 435–452. Bilbao: Servei editorial de la UPV-EHU.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Heycock, Caroline
    2006 Embedded Root Phenomena. The Blackwell Companion to Syntaxed. by Martin Everaert & Henk van Riemsdijk , 174–209. Oxford: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9780470996591.ch23
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996591.ch23 [Google Scholar]
  34. Hill, Virginia
    2007 Romanian Adverbs and the Pragmatic Field. The Linguistic Review24.61–86. doi: 10.1515/TLR.2007.003
    https://doi.org/10.1515/TLR.2007.003 [Google Scholar]
  35. 2012 A Main Clause Complementizer. Main Clause Phenomena: New horizonsed. by Lobke Aelbrecht , Liliane Haegeman , & Rachel Nye , 279–295. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.190.12hill
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.190.12hill [Google Scholar]
  36. Höhle, Tilman N.
    1992 Ueber Verum-Fokus im Deutschen. Informationsstruktur und Grammatiked. by Joachim Jacobs , 112–141. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. doi: 10.1007/978‑3‑663‑12176‑3_5
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12176-3_5 [Google Scholar]
  37. Hummel, Martin
    2014 The Adjective-Adverb Interface in Romance and English. Adjectives in Germanic and Romanceed. by Petra Sleeman , Freek van de Velde , & Harry Perridon , 35–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.212.02hum
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.212.02hum [Google Scholar]
  38. Klein, Wolfgang
    2006 On Finiteness. Semantics in Acquisitioned. by Veerle van Geenhoven , 245–272. Dordrecht: Springer. doi: 10.1007/1‑4020‑4485‑2_10
    https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4485-2_10 [Google Scholar]
  39. Kocher, Anna
    2014 Claro que son Adverbios: Análisis de un Proceso de Gramaticalización. University of Vienna MA thesis.
  40. . In preparation. Non-Embedding que in Ibero-Romance. University of Vienna PhD thesis.
  41. Laka, Itiar
    1990 Negation in Syntax. MIT PhD thesis.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ledgeway, Adam
    2005 Moving Through the Left Periphery: The dual complementiser system in the dialects of Southern Italy. Transactions of the Philological Society103:3.339–396. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑968X.2005.00157.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.2005.00157.x [Google Scholar]
  43. Lohnstein, Horst
    2007 On Clause Types and Sentential Force. Linguistische Berichte209.63–86.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. 2015 Verum Focus. The Oxford Handbook of Information Structureed. by Caroline Féry & Shinichiro Ishihara . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Lupşa, Cornelia Daniela
    2011 Deconstructing the Adverb Plus Complementizer Construction in Romanian. Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics2.91–99.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Lyons, John
    1977Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Martín Zorraquino, María Antonia
    1998 Los marcadores del discurso desde el punto de vista gramatical. Los Marcadores del Discurso: Teoría y Análisised. by María Antonia Martín Zorraquino , 19–54. Madrid: Arco Libros.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Martins, Ana Maria
    2006 Emphatic Affirmation and Polarity. Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2004: Selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Leiden, 9–11 December 2004ed. by Jenny Doetjes & Paz González , 197–223. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.278.10mar
    https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.278.10mar [Google Scholar]
  49. Nuyts, Jan
    2001 Subjectivity as an Evidential Dimension in Epistemic Modal Expressions. Journal of Pragmatics33.383–400. doi: 10.1016/S0378‑2166(00)00009‑6
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00009-6 [Google Scholar]
  50. Ocampo, Francisco
    2006 Movement Towards Discourse is Not Grammaticalization: The evolution of claro from adjective to discourse particle in spoken Spanish. Selected Proceedings of the 9th Hispanic Linguistics Symposiumed. by Nuria Sagarra & Almeida Jacqueline Toribio , 308–319. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Palmer, Frank R.
    2001Mood and Modality. 2nd ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139167178
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167178 [Google Scholar]
  52. Poletto, Cecilia
    2000The Higher Functional Field: Evidence from Northern Italian dialects. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Rivero, María-Luisa
    1993 Long Head Movement vs. V2, and Null Subject in Old Romance. Lingua89.217–245. doi: 10.1016/0024‑3841(93)90053‑Y
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(93)90053-Y [Google Scholar]
  54. Rizzi, Luigi
    1997 The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery. Elements of Grammared. by Liliane Haegeman , 281–337, Dodrecht: Kluwen. doi: 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5420‑8_7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7 [Google Scholar]
  55. 2001 On the Position “Int(errogative)” in the Left Periphery of the Clause. Current Studies in Italian Syntax Offered to Lorenzo Renzi, Vol.14ed. by Guglielmo Cinque & Giampaolo Salvi , 267–296. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. 2004 Locality and Left Periphery. Structures and Beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures, Vol.3ed. by Adriana Belletti , 223–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. 2013 Notes on Cartography and Further Explanation. International Journal of Latin and Romance Linguistics25:1.197–226.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Roberts, Ian & Anna Roussou
    2003Syntactic Change: A minimalist approach to grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486326
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486326 [Google Scholar]
  59. Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa
    2003La gramática de los adverbios en -mente o cómo expresar maneras, opiniones y actitudes a través de la lengua. Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa M.
    2015 A Discourse-Based Approach to Some Uses of the Conjunction que in Romance Languages. Languages in Contrast15:1.125–150. doi: 10.1075/lic.15.1.07ram
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.07ram [Google Scholar]
  61. Rodríguez-Molina, Javier
    2014 La gramática oculta de la polaridad positiva en español antiguo. RILCE30:3.961–915.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Romero, Maribel & Chung-Hye Han
    2004 On Negative Yes/No Questions. Linguistics and Philosophy27:5.609–658. doi: 10.1023/B:LING.0000033850.15705.94
    https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LING.0000033850.15705.94 [Google Scholar]
  63. Schwarzschild, Roger
    1999 Givenness, Avoid F and Other Constraints on the Placement of Accent. Natural Language Semantics7.144–177. doi: 10.1023/A:1008370902407
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008370902407 [Google Scholar]
  64. Speas, Peggy & Carol Tenny
    2003 Configurational Properties of Point of View Roles. Asymmetry in Grammar, Vol.1ed. by Anna Maria DiSciullo , 315–345. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.57.15spe
    https://doi.org/10.1075/la.57.15spe [Google Scholar]
  65. Stalnaker, Robert
    2002 Common ground. Linguistics and Philosophy25(5/6). 701–721. doi: 10.1023/A:1020867916902
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020867916902 [Google Scholar]
  66. Suñer, Avellina & Ángela di Tullio
    2014 Bare adjectives as syncretic forms. Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics3(1). 23–47. doi: 10.7557/1.3.1.2751
    https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2751 [Google Scholar]
  67. Van der Auwera, Johan & Vladimir A. Plungian
    1998 Modality’s Semantic Map. Linguistic Typology2.79–124. doi: 10.1515/lity.1998.2.1.79
    https://doi.org/10.1515/lity.1998.2.1.79 [Google Scholar]
  68. Van Gelderen, Elly
    2011The Linguistic Cycle. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756056.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756056.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  69. Villa-García, Julio
    2012a Recomplementation and Locality of Movement in Spanish. Probus24.257–314.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. 2012b The Spanish Complementizer System: Consequences for the syntax of dislocations and subjects, locality of movement, and clausal structure. University of Connecticut PhD thesis.
  71. 2015The Syntax of Multiple-que Sentences in Spanish: Along the left periphery. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Zanuttini, Raffaella
    1997Negation and Clause Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Zanuttini, Raffaella & Paul Portner
    2003 Exclamative Clauses: At the syntax-semantics interface. Language79:1.39–81. doi: 10.1353/lan.2003.0105
    https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0105 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.04koc
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.04koc
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error