1887
Volume 7, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2213-1272
  • E-ISSN: 2213-1280

Abstract

Abstract

In this position paper, we provide an overview of what we regard as the most important features of the relationship between the moral order and morality in the context of language conflict and aggression. While in previous pragmatic research the concepts of morality and moral order have been rarely brought together, we illustrate that they are inseparable, in particular in the context of conflict and aggression. We propose an analytic model – with replicability in mind – which captures the dynamic relationship between these phenomena: the model is centred on the idea that perceived (a) violations of the moral order, (b) breaches of moral norms, principles and ideologies, (c) conflict and (d) aggression constitute a cluster. The explanatory power of this dynamics resides in the fact that it can account for a variety of seemingly unrelated scenarios, such as conflicts triggered by the violation of interactional norms vs. rites of moral aggression. Along with detailing the model, we explore the relationship between various methodologies through which one can examine morality and the moral order in the context of language conflict and aggression.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00017.kad
2019-06-12
2024-10-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Allman, William F.
    1995The Stone Age Present: How Evolution Has Shaped Modern Life – From Sex, Violence, and Language to Emotions, Morals, and Communities. New York: Touchstone.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Archer, Dawn
    2002 “‘Can innocent people be guilty?’: A sociopragmatic analysis of examination transcripts from the Salem witchcraft trials.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics3(1): 1–29. 10.1075/jhp.3.1.02arc
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.3.1.02arc [Google Scholar]
  3. Bandura, Albert
    1978 “Social learning theory of aggression.” Journal of Communication28(3): 12–29. 10.1111/j.1460‑2466.1978.tb01621.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x [Google Scholar]
  4. Baratta, Alex
    2014 “Military impoliteness as an (eventually) unmarked form: A comment on Bousfield (2007).” Journal of Pragmatics60: 17–23. 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.10.006
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.10.006 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bergmann, Jörg
    1998 “Introduction: Morality in discourse.” Research on Language and Social Interaction31(3/4): 279–294.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bhatia, Sunil
    2010 “Language socialisation and the construction of socio-moral meanings.” Journal of Moral Education29(2): 149–166. 10.1080/713679343
    https://doi.org/10.1080/713679343 [Google Scholar]
  7. Boltanski, Luc , and Laurent Thévenot
    2000 “The reality of moral expectations: A sociology of situated judgement.” Philosophical Explorations: An International Journal for the Philosophy of Mind and Action3(3): 208–231. 10.1080/13869790008523332
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13869790008523332 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bou-Franch, Patricia , and Pilar Garcés-Conejos Blitvich
    2014 “Gender ideologies social identity processed in online aggression against women.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict2(2): 226–248. 10.1075/jlac.2.2.03bou
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.2.2.03bou [Google Scholar]
  9. Bousfield, Derek
    2010 “Researching impoliteness and rudeness: Issues and definitions.” In: Interpersonal Pragmatics, Handbooks of Pragmatics. ed. by Miriam Locher , and Sage Lambert Graham , 101–134. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Boxer, Paul , Amanda Sheffield Morris , Andrew M. Terranova , Mumbe Kithakye , Sarah C. Savoy , and Adrienne F. McFaul
    2008 “Coping with exposure to violence: Relatopns to emotional symptoms and aggression in three urban samples.” Journal of Child and Family Studies17(6): 881–893. 10.1007/s10826‑008‑9196‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9196-z [Google Scholar]
  11. Braverman, Irus
    2009 “Loo law: The public washroom as a hyper-regulated place.” Hastings Women’s Law Journal20(1): 45–71.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bull, Peter, and Maurice Waddle
    2019 “‘Let me now answer, very directly, Marie’s question’: The impact of quoting members of the public in Prime Minister’s Questions” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (present Special Issue).
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Collins, Randall
    2004Interactional Ritual Chains. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 10.1515/9781400851744
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851744 [Google Scholar]
  14. Culpeper, Jonathan
    1996 “Towards an anatomy of impoliteness.” Journal of Pragmatics25(3): 349–367. 10.1016/0378‑2166(95)00014‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(95)00014-3 [Google Scholar]
  15. 2005 Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research1(1): 35–72. 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35 [Google Scholar]
  16. 2011Impoliteness: Using Language to Causing Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511975752
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975752 [Google Scholar]
  17. Douglas, Mary
    1999Implicit Meanings: Selected Essays in Anthropology. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Drew, Paul
    1998 “Complaints about Transgressions and Misconduct.” Research on Language and Social Interaction31(3/4): 295–325. 10.1080/08351813.1998.9683595
    https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.1998.9683595 [Google Scholar]
  19. Flack, Jessica C. , and Frans B. M. de Waal
    2000 “‘Any animal whatever’. Darwinian Building Blocks of Morality in Monkeys and Apes.” Journal of Consciousness Studies7(1/2):1–29.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Fraser, Bruce , and William Nolen
    1981 “The association of deference with linguistic form.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language27: 93–110.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Garcés-Conejos Blitvich
    Garcés-Conejos Blitvich 2009 “Impoliteness and Identity in the American News Media: The ‘Culture Wars’”. Journal of Politeness Research5(2): 273–303.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Garfinkel, Harold
    1964 “Studies of the routine grounds of everyday activities.” Social Problems11(3): 225–250. doi:  10.2307/798722
    https://doi.org/10.2307/798722 [Google Scholar]
  23. 1967Studies in Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Goffman, Erving
    1959Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. 1963Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: Free Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. 1967Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. 1981Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Graham, Jesse , Brian A. Nosek , Jonathan Haidt , Ravi Iyer , Spassena P. Koleva , and Peter H. Ditto
    2011 “Mapping the moral domain.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology101(2): 366–385. 10.1037/a0021847
    https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847 [Google Scholar]
  29. Grimshaw, Allen
    1990 “Introduction”. In: Conflict Talks: Sociolinguistics Investigations of Arguments in Conversations. ed. by Allen Grimshaw , 1–19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Gu, Yueguo
    1990 “Politeness Phenomena in Modern Chinese.” Journal of Pragmatics14(2): 237–257. 10.1016/0378‑2166(90)90082‑O
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90082-O [Google Scholar]
  31. Haidt, Jonathan
    2012The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion. London: Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Haidt, Jonathan , and Kesebir, Selin
    2010 “Morality.” InHandbook of Social Psychology (5th ed.), ed. by Susan Fiske , Daniel Gilbert , and Gardner Lindzey , 797–832. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002022
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002022 [Google Scholar]
  33. Haugh, Michael
    2015Im/Politeness Implicatures. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110240078
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110240078 [Google Scholar]
  34. 2018 “Offence, Public Denunciation and the Blurring of Public and Private Life.” Keynote lecture presented at the1st International Symposium on Internet Pragmatics, Fuzhou, China, September 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Hoffman, Martin
    1979 “Development of Moral Thought, Feeling, and Behaviour.” American Psychologist34(10): 958–966. 10.1037/0003‑066X.34.10.958
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.958 [Google Scholar]
  36. Horgan, Mervyn
    2019 “Everyday Incivility and the Urban Interaction Order: Theorizing Moral Affordances in Ritualized Interaction.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (present Special Issue).
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Kádár, Dániel Z.
    2013In-group Ritual and Communication: Ritual Interaction in Groups. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230393059
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230393059 [Google Scholar]
  38. 2017Politeness, Impoliteness and Ritual: Maintaining the Moral Order in Interpersonal Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781107280465
    https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107280465 [Google Scholar]
  39. Kádár, Dániel Z. , and Michael Haugh
    2013Understanding Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139382717
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382717 [Google Scholar]
  40. Kádár, Dániel Z. , and Juliane House
    . Under review. “Linguistic Forms, Standard Situations and Ritual Frames: A Contrastive Pragmatic Framework”.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Kohlberg, Lawrence
    1963 “The Development of Children’s Orientations toward a Moral Order.” Vita Humana6: 11–33.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. 2008 “The Development of Children’s Orientations toward a Moral Order.” Human Development51(1): 8–20. 10.1159/000112530
    https://doi.org/10.1159/000112530 [Google Scholar]
  43. Kramer, Roderick M. , and David M. Messick
    1998 “Getting by with a Little Help from our Enemies: Collective Paranoia and its role in Intergroup Relations.” InIntergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behaviour. ed. by Constantine Sedikides , John Schopler , and Chester A. Insko , 233–256. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Lagerspetz, Kirsti M. J. , and Martin Westman
    1980 “Moral Approval of Aggressive Acts: A Preliminary Investigation.” Aggressive Behaviour6(2): 119–130. 10.1002/1098‑2337(1980)6:2<119::AID‑AB2480060203>3.0.CO;2‑Y
    https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1980)6:2<119::AID-AB2480060203>3.0.CO;2-Y [Google Scholar]
  45. Leech, Geoffrey
    1983Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Liu, Meng
    2003 “Rebellion and Revenge: The Meaning of Suicide of Women in Rural China.” International Journal of Social Welfare11(4): 300–309.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Lorenz, Konrad
    2002On Aggression. London: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Matsumoto, David
    1996Culture and Psychology. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Miller, Joan
    1994 “Cultural Diversity in the Morality of caring: Individually Oriented versus Duty-based Interpersonal Moral Codes.” Cross-Cultural Research28(1): 3–39. 10.1177/106939719402800101
    https://doi.org/10.1177/106939719402800101 [Google Scholar]
  50. Moulinou, Iphigenia
    2019 “Explicit and Implicit Discursive Strategies and Moral Order in a Trial Process.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (present Special Issue).
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Ning, Puyu , and Dániel Z. Kádár
    . “Ritual Public Humiliation – A Case Study of Chinese Adulterous Couples.” (forthcoming in Acta Linguistica Academica).
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Parvaresh, Vahid
    2019 “Moral Impoliteness.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (present Special Issue).
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Parvaresh, Vahid , and Tahmineh Tayebi
    2018 “Impoliteness, Aggression, and the Moral Order.” Journal of Pragmatics132: 91–107. 10.1016/j.pragma.2018.05.010
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.05.010 [Google Scholar]
  54. Piaget, Jean
    1950The Psychology of Intelligence. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Rai, Tage Shakti , and Alan Fiske
    2011 “Moral Psychology is Relationship Regulation: Moral Motives for Unity, Hierarchy, Equality, and Proportionality.” Psychological Review118(1): 55–75. 10.1037/a0021867
    https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021867 [Google Scholar]
  56. Sacks, David N. , Yaacov Petscher , Christopher T. Stanley , and Gershon Tenenbaum
    2003 “Aggression and Violence in Sport: Moving beyond the Debate.” International Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychology1(2): 167–179. 10.1080/1612197X.2003.9671710
    https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2003.9671710 [Google Scholar]
  57. Santrock, John W.
    2012A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York: McGraw Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Schegloff, Emanuel
    1988 “Goffman and the Analysis of Conversation.” InErving Goffman: Exploring the Interactional Order. ed. by Paul Drew and Anthony Wootton , 89–135. Cambridge: Polity.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. van Schie, Emil G. M. , and Oene Wiegman
    2006 “Children and Videogames: Leisure Activities, Aggression, Social Integration, and School Performance.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology27(13): 1175–1194. 10.1111/j.1559‑1816.1997.tb01800.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01800.x [Google Scholar]
  60. Sell, Roger
    1992 “Literary Texts and the Diachronic Aspects of Politeness.” InPoliteness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice. ed. by Richard J. Watts , Konrad Ehlich , and Sachiko Ide , 109–130. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Spencer-Oatey, Helen , and Dániel Z. Kádár
    2016 “The Bases of (Im)politeness Evaluations: Culture, the Moral Order and the East-West Debate.” East Asian Pragmatics1(1): 73–106. 10.1558/eap.v1i1.29084
    https://doi.org/10.1558/eap.v1i1.29084 [Google Scholar]
  62. Sutton, Jon , Peter K. Smith , and John Swettenham
    1999 “Bullying and ‘Theory of Mind’: A Critique of the ‘Social Skills Deficit’ View of Antisocial Behaviour.” Social Development8(1): 117–127. 10.1111/1467‑9507.00083
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00083 [Google Scholar]
  63. Terkourafi, Marina
    2011 “From Politeness1 to Politeness2: Tracking Norms of Im/Politeness across Time and Space.” Journal of Politeness Research7(2): 159–185. 10.1515/jplr.2011.009
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2011.009 [Google Scholar]
  64. Tracy, Karen
    2008 “‘Reasonable hostility’: Situation-appropriate Face Attack”. Journal of Politeness Research4(2): 169–191. 10.1515/JPLR.2008.009
    https://doi.org/10.1515/JPLR.2008.009 [Google Scholar]
  65. Tsang, Jo-Ann
    2002 “Moral Rationalization and Integration of Situational Factors and Psychological Processes in Immoral Behavior.” Review of General Psychology6(1): 25–50. 10.1037/1089‑2680.6.1.25
    https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.1.25 [Google Scholar]
  66. Vaske, Jerry J. , Maureen P. Donnelly , Karin Whittmann , and Susan Laidlaw
    1995 “Interpersonal vs. Social-values Conflict.” Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal17(3): 205–222. 10.1080/01490409509513257
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409509513257 [Google Scholar]
  67. Watts, Richard J.
    2003Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511615184
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184 [Google Scholar]
  68. White, Geoffrey M.
    2010 “Moral Discourse and the Rhetoric of Emotion.” InPsychological Anthropology: A Reader of Self in Culture. ed. by Robert A. LeVine , 68–82. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Wuthnow, Robert
    1989Meaning and Moral Order: Explorations in Cultural Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00017.kad
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00017.kad
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): aggression; ethnomethodology; moral order; morality; pragmatics; ritual
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error