1887
Volume 8, Issue 1
  • ISSN 2213-1272
  • E-ISSN: 2213-1280
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to show how intertextuality is exploited as an impoliteness resource in online reader comments on the website of a London-based pan-Arab Arabic-language daily newspaper. Analysis of 140 reader responses containing impolite references shows that readers called upon and appropriated the language and imagery of impolite and culturally salient prior texts from four sources to perform impoliteness: traditional scriptures, historical texts, poetic texts, and popular proverbs. The use and reception of these impolite intertextualities rely on familiarity with the intertextual source in question. The creative recycling of privileged authoritative texts, use of metaphorical language, invoking of gender identity, and reproducing of particular ideologies played a pivotal role in performing this intertextual impoliteness. The perception of such intertextual impoliteness is crucially influenced by culture as a “general text” (Kristeva 1980) that adds to the complexity of impoliteness when analyzed within a culture-specific context.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00027.bad
2019-07-04
2024-10-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Abdulla, Rasha A.
    2007 “Islam, Jihad, and Terrorism in Post-9/11 Arabic Discussion Boards.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication12 (3): 1063–1081. 10.1111/j.1083‑6101.2007.00363.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00363.x [Google Scholar]
  2. Al-Momani, Kawakib, Muhammad A. Badarneh, and Fathi Migdadi
    2010 “Intertextual Borrowings in Ideologically Competing Discourses: The Case of the Middle East.” Journal of Intercultural Communication22. www.immi.se/intercultural/nr22/badarneh.htm (AccessedApril 12, 2019).
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Al-Saggaf, Yeslam
    2006 “The Online Public Sphere in the Arab World: The War in Iraq on the Al-Arabiya Website.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication12 (1): 311–334. 10.1111/j.1083‑6101.2006.00327.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00327.x [Google Scholar]
  4. Al Zidjaly, Najma
    2010 “Intertextuality and Constructing Islamic Identities Online.” InHandbook of Research on Discourse Behavior and Digital Communication: Language Structures and Social Interaction, ed. byRotimi Taiwo, 191–204. New York: IGI Global. 10.4018/978‑1‑61520‑773‑2.ch012
    https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-773-2.ch012 [Google Scholar]
  5. 2012 “What Has Happened To Arabs? Identity and Face Management Online.” Multilingua31: 413–439. 10.1515/multi‑2012‑0019
    https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2012-0019 [Google Scholar]
  6. 2017 “Mental Health and Religion on Islamweb.net.” Linguistik Online. doi:  10.13092/lo.87.4178
    https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.87.4178 [Google Scholar]
  7. Arendholz, Jenny
    2013(In)Appropriate Online Behavior: A Pragmatic Analysis of Message Board Relations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.229
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.229 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bączkowska, Anna
    (ed.) 2017Impoliteness in Media Discourse. Bern: Peter Lang. 10.3726/978‑3‑653‑03511‑7
    https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-03511-7 [Google Scholar]
  9. Badarneh, Muhammad A.
    2009 “Exploring the Use of Rhetorical Questions in Editorial Discourse: A Case Study of Arabic Editorials.” Text & Talk29 (6): 639–659. 10.1515/TEXT.2009.033
    https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2009.033 [Google Scholar]
  10. Badarneh, Muhammad A., and Fathi Migdadi
    2018 “Acts of Positioning in Online Reader Comments on Jordanian News Websites.” Language & Communication58: 93–106. 10.1016/j.langcom.2017.08.003
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2017.08.003 [Google Scholar]
  11. Baden, Christian, and Nina Springer
    2014 “Com(ple)menting the News on the Financial Crisis: The Contribution of News Users’ Commentary to the Diversity of Viewpoints in the Public Debate.” European Journal of Communication29: 529–548. 10.1177/0267323114538724
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114538724 [Google Scholar]
  12. Bakhtin, Mikhail
    1981The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. 1986Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Barnes, Renee
    2018Uncovering Online Commenting Culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑70235‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70235-3 [Google Scholar]
  15. Bauman, Richard, and Charles L. Briggs
    1990 “Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life.” Annual Review of Anthropology19: 59–88. 10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000423
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000423 [Google Scholar]
  16. Bauman, Richard
    2004A World of Others’ Words: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality. London: Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470773895
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470773895 [Google Scholar]
  17. Bazerman, Charles
    2004 “Intertextuality: How Texts Rely on Other Texts.” InWhat Writing Does and How It Does It: An Introduction to Analyzing Texts and Textual Practices, ed. byCharles Bazerman, and Paul Prior, 83–96. New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Bazzi, Samia
    2009Arab News and Conflict. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/dapsac.34
    https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.34 [Google Scholar]
  19. Becker, Alton L.
    1995Beyond Translation: Essays Towards a Modern Philology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 10.3998/mpub.13805
    https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.13805 [Google Scholar]
  20. Bhatia, Vijay Kumar
    2004Worlds of Written Discourse. London: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Bousfield, Derek
    2007 “Beginnings, Middles and Ends: A Biopsy of the Dynamics of Impolite Exchanges.” Journal of Pragmatics39 (12): 2185–2216. 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.11.005 [Google Scholar]
  22. 2008Impoliteness in Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.167
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.167 [Google Scholar]
  23. Bousfield, Derek, and Miriam A. Locher
    (eds.) 2008Impoliteness in Language. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Boutz, Jennifer, Claudia Brugman, and Alia Lancaster
    2017 “Quoting the Prophet Online: Communicative Functions of Hadith Quotations in Web-Based Arabic Discourse.” Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research10 (1): 3–23. 10.1386/jammr.10.1.3_1
    https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr.10.1.3_1 [Google Scholar]
  25. Briggs, Charles L., and Richard Bauman
    1992 “Genre, Intertextuality, and Social Power.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology2: 131–172. 10.1525/jlin.1992.2.2.131
    https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1992.2.2.131 [Google Scholar]
  26. Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson
    1987Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511813085
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813085 [Google Scholar]
  27. Bucholtz, Mary
    1999 “‘Why Be Normal?’: Language and Identity Practices in a Community of Nerd Girls.” Language in Society28: 203–223. 10.1017/S0047404599002043
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404599002043 [Google Scholar]
  28. Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall
    2005 “Identity and Interaction: A Socio-cultural Linguistic Approach.” Discourse Studies7 (4–5): 585–614. 10.1177/1461445605054407
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407 [Google Scholar]
  29. Carter, Ronald
    2004Language and Creativity. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Crone, Patricia
    2008 ““Barefoot and Naked”: What Did the Bedouin of the Arab Conquests Look Like?” Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic WorldXXV: 1–10.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Culpeper, Jonathan
    1996 “Towards an Anatomy of Impoliteness.” Journal of Pragmatics25: 349–367. 10.1016/0378‑2166(95)00014‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(95)00014-3 [Google Scholar]
  32. Culpeper, Jonathan, Derek Bousfield, and Anne Wichmann
    2003 “Impoliteness Revisited: With Special Reference to Dynamic and Prosodic Aspects.” Journal of Pragmatics35: 1545–1579. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(02)00118‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00118-2 [Google Scholar]
  33. Culpeper, Jonathan
    2005 “Impoliteness and Entertainment in the Television Quiz Show: The Weakest Link.” Journal of Politeness Research1 (1): 35–72. 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35 [Google Scholar]
  34. 2010 “Conventionalised Impoliteness Formulae.” Journal of Pragmatics42 (12): 3232–3245. 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.007
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.007 [Google Scholar]
  35. 2011Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511975752
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975752 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2013 “Impoliteness: Questions and Answers.” InAspects of Linguistic Impoliteness, ed. byDenis Jamet and Manuel Jobert, 2–15. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Dashti, Ali, Ali Al-Kandari, and Hamed Al-Abdullah
    2015 “The Influence of Sectarian and Tribal Discourse in Newspapers Readers’ Online Comments about Freedom of Expression, Censorship and National Unity in Kuwait.” Telematics and Informatics32: 245–253. 10.1016/j.tele.2014.08.007
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.08.007 [Google Scholar]
  38. Deheuvels, Luc-Willy, Barbara Michalak-Pikulska, and Paul Starkey
    (eds.) 2006Intertextuality in Modern Arabic Literature since 1967. Durham: Durham University.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Demjén, Zsófia, and Claire Hardaker
    2016 “Metaphor, Impoliteness, and Offence in Online Communication.” InThe Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language, ed. byElena Semino, and Zsófia Demjén, 353–367. London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Douai, Aziz, and Hala K. Nofal
    2012 “Commenting in the Online Arab Public Sphere: Debating the Swiss Minaret Ban and the ‘Ground Zero Mosque’ Online.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication17: 266–282. 10.1111/j.1083‑6101.2012.01573.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01573.x [Google Scholar]
  41. Drayson, Elizabeth
    2017The Moor’s Last Stand: How Seven Centuries of Muslim Rule in Spain Came to an End. London: Profile Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Drozdik, Ladislav
    1998 “Functional Variations of the So-called Feminine Marker in Arabic.” Asian and African Studies7: 23–44.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Fairclough, Norman
    1992Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Ferenčik, Milan
    2017 “I’m not Charlie: (Im)politeness Evaluations of the Charlie Hebdo Attack in an Internet Discussion Forum.” Journal of Pragmatics111: 54–71. 10.1016/j.pragma.2017.02.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.02.002 [Google Scholar]
  45. Fromonot, Jacqueline
    2013 “Paradoxes of Impoliteness in Vanity Fair, by W. M. Thackeray.” InAspects of Linguistic Impoliteness, ed. byDenis Jamet and Manuel Jobert, 122–133. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, Pilar
    2009 “Impoliteness and Identity in the American News Media: The “Culture Wars”.” Journal of Politeness Research5 (2): 273–303.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, Pilar, and Maria Sifianou
    2017 “Im/politeness and Identity.” InThe Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)Politeness, ed. byJonathan Culpeper, Michael Haugh and Dániel Kádár, 227–256. London: Palgrave MacMillan. 10.1057/978‑1‑137‑37508‑7_10
    https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_10 [Google Scholar]
  48. Gee, James Paul
    1999An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. 3rd ed.New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Goffman, Erving
    1967Interaction Ritual. Harmonsworth: Penguin Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Gordon, Cynthia
    2006 “Reshaping Prior Text, Reshaping Identities.” Text & Talk26 (4–5): 545–571. 10.1515/TEXT.2006.022
    https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2006.022 [Google Scholar]
  51. Graham, Sage L., and Claire Hardaker
    2017 “(Im)politeness in Digital Communication.” InPalgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness, ed. byJonathan Culpeper, Michael Haugh and Dániel Z. Kádár, 785–814. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/978‑1‑137‑37508‑7_30
    https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_30 [Google Scholar]
  52. Gully, Adrian
    1996 “The Discourse of Arabic Advertising: Preliminary Investigations.” Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies1: 1–49. 10.5617/jais.4544
    https://doi.org/10.5617/jais.4544 [Google Scholar]
  53. Hardaker, Claire, and Mark McGlashan
    2016 “Real Men Don’t Hate Women”: Twitter Rape Threats and Group Identity.” Journal of Pragmatics91: 80–93. 10.1016/j.pragma.2015.11.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.11.005 [Google Scholar]
  54. Harlow, Summer
    2015 “Story-chatterers Stirring up Hate: Racist Discourse in Reader Comments on U.S. Newspaper Websites.” Howard Journal of Communication26 (1): 21–42. 10.1080/10646175.2014.984795
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2014.984795 [Google Scholar]
  55. Heshmat, Dina
    2011 “Representing Contemporary Urban Space: Cairo Malls in Two Egyptian Novels.” Arabica58 (6): 545–560. 10.1163/157005811X587921
    https://doi.org/10.1163/157005811X587921 [Google Scholar]
  56. Hodges, Adam
    2015 “Intertextuality in Discourse.” InThe Handbook of Discourse Analysis, ed. byDeborah Tannen, Heidi E. Hamilton and Deborah Schiffrin, 42–60. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Holes, Clive
    2007 ““Hello, I Say, and Welcome! Where from, These Riding Men?” Arabic Popular Poetry and Political Satire: A Study in Intertextuality from Jordan.” InApproaches to Arabic Linguistics, ed. byHarald Motzki and Everhard Ditters, 543–563. Leiden: Brill. 10.1163/ej.9789004160156.i‑762.151
    https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004160156.i-762.151 [Google Scholar]
  58. Hughey, Matthew W., and Jessie Daniels
    2013 “Racist Comments at Online News Sites: A Methodological Dilemma for Discourse Analysis.” Media, Culture & Society35 (3): 332–347. 10.1177/0163443712472089
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443712472089 [Google Scholar]
  59. Johansson, Marjut
    2017 “Everyday Opinions in News Discussion Forums: Public Vernacular Discourse.” Discourse, Context & Media19: 5–12. 10.1016/j.dcm.2017.03.001
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2017.03.001 [Google Scholar]
  60. Kádár, Dániel Z.
    2017 “Indirect Ritual Offence – A Study on Elusive Impoliteness”. InImplicitness: From Lexis to Discourse, ed. byPiotr Cap and Marta Dynel, 177–199. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.276.08kad
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.276.08kad [Google Scholar]
  61. Kádár, Dániel Z., and Michael Haugh
    2013Understanding Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139382717
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139382717 [Google Scholar]
  62. Kecskes, Istvan
    2015 “Intercultural Impoliteness.” Journal of Pragmatics86: 43–47. 10.1016/j.pragma.2015.05.023
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.05.023 [Google Scholar]
  63. Kienpointner, Manfred
    2018 “Impoliteness Online: Hate Speech in Online Interactions.” Internet Pragmatics1 (2): 329–351. 10.1075/ip.00015.kie
    https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00015.kie [Google Scholar]
  64. Kristeva, Julia
    1980Desire in Language. New York: Columbia University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. 1986The Kristeva Reader. New York: Columbia University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Ksiazek, Thomas, Limor Peer, and Andrew Zivic
    2015 “Discussing the News: Civility and Hostility in User Comments.” Digital Journalism3 (6): 850–870. 10.1080/21670811.2014.972079
    https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.972079 [Google Scholar]
  67. Leppänen, Sirpa, Samu Kytölä, Henna Jousmäki, Saija Peuronen, and Elina Westinen
    2014 “Entextualization and Resemiotization as Resources for Identification in Social Media.” InThe Language of Social Media, ed. byPhilip Seargeant and Caroline Tagg, 112–136. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137029317_6
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137029317_6 [Google Scholar]
  68. Locher, Miriam A.
    2010 “Introduction: Politeness and Impoliteness in Computer-Mediated Communication.” Journal of Politeness Research6: 1–5. 10.1515/jplr.2010.001
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2010.001 [Google Scholar]
  69. Locher, Miriam A., and Richard J. Watts
    2005 “Politeness Theory and Relational Work.” Journal of Politeness Research1: 9–33. 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.9
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.9 [Google Scholar]
  70. Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria, Pilar Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, and Patricia Bou-Franch
    2011 “On-line Polylogues and Impoliteness: The Case of Postings Sent in Response to the Obama Reggaeton Youtube Video.” Journal of Pragmatics43 (10): 2578–2593. 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.03.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.03.005 [Google Scholar]
  71. Marley, Carol
    2008 “Assuming Identities: The Workings of Intertextual Metaphors in a Corpus of Dating Ads.” Journal of Pragmatics40: 559–576. 10.1016/j.pragma.2007.09.005
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.09.005 [Google Scholar]
  72. Mazraani, Nathalie
    1997Aspects of Language Variation in Arabic Political Speech-Making. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. McCluskey, Michael, and Jay Hmielowski
    2011 “Opinion Expression during Social Conflict: Comparing Online Reader Comments and Letters to the Editor.” Journalism13 (3): 303–319. 10.1177/1464884911421696
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911421696 [Google Scholar]
  74. Mills, Sara
    2005 “Gender and Impoliteness.” Journal of Politeness Research1: 263–280. 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.2.263
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.2.263 [Google Scholar]
  75. 2009 “Impoliteness in a Cultural Context.” Journal of Pragmatics41: 1047–1060. 10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.014
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.014 [Google Scholar]
  76. Moreton, John Evelyn
    2010 Translating Saddam: Ideology, Intertextuality and Communicative Equivalence in Arabic-English Translation. PhD thesis, University of Leeds, UK.
  77. Neurauter-Kessels, Manuela
    2011 “Im/polite Reader Responses on British Online News Sites.” Journal of Politeness Research7: 187–214. 10.1515/jplr.2011.010
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2011.010 [Google Scholar]
  78. Ott, Brian, and Cameron Walter
    2000 “Intertextuality: Interpretive Practice and Textual Strategy.” Critical Studies in Media Communication17 (4): 429–436. 10.1080/15295030009388412
    https://doi.org/10.1080/15295030009388412 [Google Scholar]
  79. Perelmutter, Renee
    2018 “Globalization, Conflict Discourse, and Jewish Identity in an Israeli Russian-Speaking Online Community.” Journal of Pragmatics134: 134–148. 10.1016/j.pragma.2018.03.019
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.03.019 [Google Scholar]
  80. Sinkeviciute, Valeria
    2015 “‘There’s Definitely Gonna Be Some Serious Carnage in This House’ or How to be Genuinely Impolite in Big Brother UK.” Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict3 (2): 317–348. 10.1075/jlac.3.2.04sin
    https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.3.2.04sin [Google Scholar]
  81. Spencer-Oatey, Helen
    2002 “Managing Rapport in Talk: Using Rapport Sensitive Incidents to Explore the Motivational Concerns Underlying the Management of Relations.” Journal of Pragmatics34: 529–545. 10.1016/S0378‑2166(01)00039‑X
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(01)00039-X [Google Scholar]
  82. 2007 “Theories of Identity and the Analysis of Face.” Journal of Pragmatics39 (4): 639–656. 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004 [Google Scholar]
  83. Stowasser, Barbara Freyer
    2004 “The End is Near: Minor and Major Signs of the Hour in Islamic Texts and Contexts.” InApocalypse and Violence, ed. byAbbas Amanat and John J. Collins, 45–67. New Haven: Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Tan, Peter K. W.
    1993A Stylistics of Drama. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Thurlow, Crispin, and Kristine Mroczek
    (eds.) 2011Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  86. Toddington, Rachel S.
    2015 Impoliteness as a Vehicle for Humour in Dramatic Discourse. Ph.D. thesis, University of Central Lancashire.
  87. Tracy, Karen
    2008 “‘Reasonable Hostility’: Situation-appropriate Face-attack”. Journal of Politeness Research4: 169–191. 10.1515/JPLR.2008.009
    https://doi.org/10.1515/JPLR.2008.009 [Google Scholar]
  88. Tutaş, Nazan, and Nihal Demirkol Azak
    2014 “Direct-Indirect Impoliteness and Power Struggles in Harold Pinter’s Plays”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences158: 370–376. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.102
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.102 [Google Scholar]
  89. Upadhyay, Shiv R.
    2010 “Identity and Impoliteness in Computer-Mediated Reader Responses.” Journal of Politeness Research6 (1): 105–127. 10.1515/jplr.2010.006
    https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2010.006 [Google Scholar]
  90. Van Gelder, Geert Jan
    1988The Bad and the Ugly: Attitudes towards Invective Poetry (Hijāʼ) in Classical Arabic Literature. Leiden: Brill.
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Vásquez, Camilla
    2016 “Intertextuality and Authorized Transgression in Parodies of Online Consumer Reviews.” Language@internet13: Article 6.
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Watts, Richard J.
    2003Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511615184
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184 [Google Scholar]
  93. Wynhoff Olsen, Allison, Jennifer VanDerHeide, Brenton Goff, and Mandie B. Dunn
    2018 “Examining Intertextual Connections in Written Arguments: A Study of Student Writing as Social Participation and Response.” Written Communication35 (1): 58–88. 10.1177/0741088317739557
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088317739557 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00027.bad
Loading
/content/journals/10.1075/jlac.00027.bad
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Arab politics; face; identity; impoliteness; intertextuality; online reader responses
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error