Abstract
Abstract
Overt constructions of discrimination in political discourse towards immigrants are easy to detect and have been
traditionally associated with far-right parties. However, mainstream political discourse on immigration delivered by so-called
center or center-left parties has transformed into more subtle forms of discursive discrimination, which might not be obvious and
need a closer analysis in order to be spotted in discourse. Overt discriminatory discourse has been studied by disciplines, such
as political sociology, social psychology and Critical Discourse Studies, but subtle discriminatory constructions have been rather
neglected. By combining these three disciplines, we propose here a multidisciplinary and multitheorical framework to
systematically analyze subtle discriminatory political discourse on immigration. It aims at contributing to the development of a
methodology for a socio-political analysis that allows to detect subtle discriminatory political discourse on immigration. Such
framework is composed by four strategies with different degrees of subtleness: highlighting, diminishing, homogenizing and
normalizing.
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Article metrics loading...
/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.19069.rub
2020-05-04
2024-03-29
-
/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.19069.rub
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Full text loading...
References
-
Allport, Gordon Willard
1977 La Naturaleza del Prejuicio. Buenos Aires: Editorial universitaria de Buenos Aires.
[Google Scholar]
-
Baker, Paul
,
Costas Gabrielatos
,
Majid Khosravinik
,
Michał Krzyzanowski
,
Tony McEnery
, and
Ruth Wodak
2008 “A Useful Methodological Synergy? Combining Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics to Examine Discourses of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK Press.”
Discourse and Society19 (3): 273–306. doi:
10.1177/0957926508088962
https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508088962
[Google Scholar]
-
Bar-Tal, Daniel
1997 “The Monopolization of Patriotism.” InPatriotism in the Lives of Individuals and Nations, edited by
Daniel BarTal
and
Ervin Staub
, 246–270. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
[Google Scholar]
-
Bauman, Zygmunt
2004 Identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Betz, Hans-Georg
2003 “Xenophobia, identity politics and exclusionary populism in Western Europe.” In
Fighting Identities: Race, Religion and Ethno-nationalism, edited by
Leo Panitch
and
Colin Leys
, 193–210. London: Socialist Register, 39.
10.1057/9780230501706
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501706
[Google Scholar]
-
Charteris-Black, Jonathan
2016 Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor. Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor. doi:
10.1111/j.1749‑5687.2012.00162.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2012.00162.x
[Google Scholar]
-
Chauvin, Sébastien
,
Garcés-Mascareñas, Blanca
2012 Beyond Informal Citizenship: The New Moral Economy of Migrant Illegality.
International Political Sociology, 6(3): 241–259. doi:
10.1177/07399863970194001
https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863970194001
[Google Scholar]
-
Chilton, Paul
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_10
[Google Scholar]
-
Cowan, Gloria
,
Livier Martinez
, and
Stephanie Mendiola
1997 “Predictors of Attitudes toward Illegal Latino Immigrants.”
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences19: 403–15. doi:
10.1177/07399863970194001
https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863970194001
[Google Scholar]
-
Dandoy, Régis
2014 “Regionalist Parties and Immigration in Belgium.” In
The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States, 200–222. Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:
10.1057/9781137358530_10
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137358530_10
[Google Scholar]
-
De la Fuente, Mario
2007 “De La Argumentación e Inmigración. Reflexiones Sobre Algunas Estrategias Empleadas en los Medios de Comunicación.” In
Discurso Periodístico y Procesos Migratorios, edited by
Antonio M. Bañón
, 343–374. Donostia: Tercera Prensa.
10.1111/0022‑4537.00220
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00220
[Google Scholar]
-
Deaux, Kay
, and
Gina Philogène
2001 Representations of the Social. Brigging Theoretical Traditions. Massachussetts: Blackwell.
[Google Scholar]
-
Dovidio, John F.
, and
Samuel L. Gaertner
2004 “Aversive racism”. In
Advances in experimental social psychology 36, edited by
Mark Zanna
, 1–52. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. doi:
10.1016/S0065‑2601(04)36001‑6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(04)36001-6
[Google Scholar]
-
Esses, Victoria M.
,
John F. Dovidio
,
Lynne M. Jackson
, and
Tamara L. Armstrong
2001 “The Immigration Dilemma: The Role of Perceived Group Competition, Ethnic Prejudice, and National Identity.”
Journal of Social Issues57: 389–412. doi:
10.1111/0022‑4537.00220
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00220
[Google Scholar]
-
Esses, Victoria M.
,
Scott Veenvliet
,
Gordon Hodson
and
Liljana Mihic
2008 “Justice, Morality, and the Dehumanization of Refugees”.
Social Justice Research, 21, 4–25. doi:
10.1007/s11211‑007‑0058‑4
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0058-4
[Google Scholar]
-
Fairclough, Norman
2010 Critical Discourse Analysis. (Second Edition). London: Pearson Education.
[Google Scholar]
-
Fairclough, Norman
2000 New Labour, New Language?London: Routledge.
[Google Scholar]
-
Fekete, Liz
https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.1995.9970147
[Google Scholar]
-
Feldman, John
2007 Framing the Debate: Famous Presidential Speeches and How Progressives Can Use Them to Control the Conversation (and Win Elections). Brooklyn, NY: IG Publishing.
10.1111/1468‑5914.00062
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00062
[Google Scholar]
-
Fenton, Steve
2010 Ethnicity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Goffman, Ervin
1974 Frame Analysis. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Graumann, Carl F.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.893
[Google Scholar]
-
Graumann, Carl F.
1998 “Verbal Discrimination: Chapter in the Social Psychology of Aggression.” In
Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 28:48–61. doi:
10.1111/1468‑5914.00062
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00062
[Google Scholar]
-
Hamilton, David L.
, and
K. Trolier Tina
1986 “Stereotypes and Stereotyping, an Overview of the Cognitive Approach.” InPrejudice, Discrimination and Racism, edited by
John F. Dovidio
and
Samuel L. Gaertner
, 127–57. San Diego: Academic Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Henry, John P.
, and
David O. Sears
https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00281
[Google Scholar]
-
Katz, Irwin
, and
Glen Hass
1988 “Racial Ambivalence and American Value Conflict: Correlational and Priming Studies of Dual Cognitive Structures.”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology55 (6): 893–905. doi:
10.1075/jlp.17028.krz
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17028.krz
[Google Scholar]
-
Klemperer, Victor
2002 The Language of the Third Reich. London: Continuum.
[Google Scholar]
-
Krzyżanowski, Michal
and
Per Ledin
2017 “Un-Civility on the Web: Populism in/and the Borderline Discourses of Exclusion”.
Journal of Language & Politics16(4) doi:
10.1075/jlp.17028.krz
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17028.krz
[Google Scholar]
-
Krzyżanowski, Michal
2020a “Normalization and the Discursive Construction of ‘New’ Norms and ‘New’ Normality: Discourse in/and the Paradoxes of Populism and Neoliberalism”.
Social Semiotics30:4.
10.1002/ejsp.2420250106
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250106
[Google Scholar]
-
Krzyżanowski, Michal
2020b “Discursive Shifts and the Normalisation of Racism: Imaginaries of Immigration, Moral Panics and the Discourse of Contemporary Right-Wing Populism”.
Social Semiotics30:4.
10.1111/0022‑4537.00225
https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00225
[Google Scholar]
-
McConahay, John
1986 “Modern Racism, Ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale.” In
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, edited by
John F. Dovidio
and
Samuel L. Gaertner
, 91–125. New York: Academic Press.
10.4324/9780203993712
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203993712
[Google Scholar]
-
Miles, Robert
and
Brown, Malcolm
2003 Racism. Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
[Google Scholar]
-
Moscovici, Serge
2001 Social Representations. Explorations in Social Psychology. New York: New York University Press.
[Google Scholar]
-
Munro, Neil
https://doi.org/10.6035/CLR.2011.9.8
[Google Scholar]
-
Pettigrew, Tomas. F.
2009 “Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups?”
Social Psychology, 40(2): 55–65. doi:
10.1027/1864‑9335.40.2.55
https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55
[Google Scholar]
-
Pettigrew, Tomas F.
, and
Roel W. Meertens
1995 “Subtle and Blatant Prejudice in Western Europe.”
European Journal of Social Psychology25: 57–75. doi:
10.1002/ejsp.2420250106
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250106
[Google Scholar]
-
Phinney, Jean S.
,
Gabriel Horenczyk
,
Karmela Liebkind
, and
Paul Vedder
2001 “Ethnic Identity, Immigration and Well-Being: An Interactional Perspective.”
Journal of Social Issues57: 493–510. doi:
10.1177/0957926516685464
https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926516685464
[Google Scholar]
-
Reisigl, Martin
, and
Ruth Wodak
2005 Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism. London New York: Routledge. doi:
10.4324/9780203079546
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203079546
[Google Scholar]
-
Reisigl, Martin
, and
Ruth Wodak
2009 “The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA)”.” InMethods of Critical Discourse Analysis, edited by
Ruth Wodak
, 0–87. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
[Google Scholar]
-
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema
2010 “Los Discursos Políticos del Partido Popular sobre Inmigración.” Barcelona: Universidad Pompeu Fabra.
-
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema
2011 “Representación Social de La Inmigración en el Discurso del Partido Popular.”
Cultura Lenguaje y Representació. Número Especial Sobre Discurso Político IX, 173–99. doi:
10.6035/CLR.2011.9.8
https://doi.org/10.6035/CLR.2011.9.8
[Google Scholar]
-
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema
2013 “Spanish Political Discourse on Immigration in Times of Economic Crisis.” In
Discourses on Immigration in Times of Economic Crisis: A Critical Perspective, edited by
María Martínez Lirola
, 260–87. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars publishing.
10.16995/olh.405
https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.405
[Google Scholar]
-
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema
, and
Teunis Adrianus Van Dijk
2015 “Marco Discursivo: Hacia la Construcción de un Discurso Anti-Racista.” InLas Condiciones de la Interculturalidad: Gestión Local de la Diversidad En España, edited by
Ricard Zapata-Barrero
, 111–36. Valencia: Tirant lo blanc.
[Google Scholar]
-
Rubio-Carbonero, Gema
, and
Ricard Zapata-Barrero
2017 “Monitoring Discriminatory Political Discourse on Immigration: A Pilot Study in Catalonia.”
Discourse & Society28, 204–25. doi:
10.1057/9780230390898.0014
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230390898.0014
[Google Scholar]
-
Rydgren, Jens
2005 Movements of Exclusion. Radical Rightwing Populism in the Western World. New York: Nova Science.
[Google Scholar]
-
Rydgren, Jens
2012 Class Politics and the Radical Right. Edited by
Jen Rydren
. London: Routledge. doi:
10.4324/9780203079546
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203079546
[Google Scholar]
-
Sharma, Sanjay
2017 “Theorizing Online Racism: The Stream, Affect & Power Laws”. Paper presented atAoIR Conference, 19–21. October, University of Tartu, Estonia.
[Google Scholar]
-
Siapera, Eugenia
2019 “Organised and Ambient Digital Racism: Multidirectional Flows in the Irish Digital Sphere”.
Open Library of Humanities, 5(1), 13 doi:
10.16995/olh.405
https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.405
[Google Scholar]
-
Titley, Gavan
[Google Scholar]
-
Triandafyllidou, Anna
2013 National Identity and Diversity: Towards Plural Nationalism. Edited by
Jan Dobbernack
and
Tariq Modood
.
Tolerance Intolerance and Respect Hard to Accept. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:
10.1057/9780230390898.0014
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230390898.0014
[Google Scholar]
-
Van der Valk, Ineke
2002 Difference, Deviance, Threat? Mainstream and Right-extremist Political Discourse on Ethnic Issues in the Netherlands and France (1990–1997). Amsterdam: Aksant.
[Google Scholar]
-
Van Dijk, Teunis Adrianus
1995 “Elite Discourse and the Reproduction of Racism.” In
Hate Speech, edited by
Rita Kirk Whillock
and
David Slayden
, 0–1. London: Sage.
10.1177/0018726711409263
https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726711409263
[Google Scholar]
-
Van Dijk, Teunis Adrianus
2002 “Discourse and Racism”.
The Blackwell Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, edited by
David Goldberg
and
John Solomos
, 145–159. Oxford: Blackwell.
10.1007/s11615‑018‑0079‑7
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-018-0079-7
[Google Scholar]
-
Van Dijk, Teunis Adrianus
2003a Ideología y Discurso. Barcelona: Ariel.
[Google Scholar]
-
Van Dijk, Teunis Adrianus
2003b Dominación Étnica y Racismo Discursivo en España y Latino América. Barcelona: Gedisa.
[Google Scholar]
-
Van Dijk, Teunis Adrianus
2003c Racismo y Discurso de las Élites. Barcelona: Gedisa.
[Google Scholar]
-
Laer, Koen van
, and
Maddy Janssens
2011 “Ethnic Minority Professionals’ Experiences with Subtle Discrimination in the Workplace.”
Human Relations. doi:
10.1037/a0018674
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018674
[Google Scholar]
-
Wodak, Ruth
2002 “Discourse and Politics: The Rhetoric of Exclusion.” InThe Haider Phenomenon in Austria, edited by
Ruth Wodak
, 0–33. New Brunswick: Transaction publishers.
[Google Scholar]
-
Wodak, Ruth
2018 Vom Rand in die Mitte – “Schamlose Normalisierung”.
Politische Vierteljahresschrift59(2): 323–335. doi:
10.1007/s11615‑018‑0079‑7
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-018-0079-7
[Google Scholar]
-
Wodak, R.
, &
Van Dijk, T. A.
2000 Racism at the Top. Parliamentary Discourses on Ethnic Issues in six European States. Austria: Drava.
[Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.19069.rub