1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Journal of Language and Politics
  4. Volume 22, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 22, Issue 3
  • ISSN 1569-2159
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9862
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

The presidential candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil in 2018 was the Populist Radical Right’s (PRR) first one to be electorally successful in Latin America. Although it is possible to assert that Bolsonaro belongs to the PRR given his political career, few studies have focused on the supply-side and Bolsonaro’s ideas and discourses. This article analyzes the relevance of the three defining attributes of the PRR – nativism, authoritarianism, and populism – in Bolsonaro’s ideological and programmatic platform. Based on an analysis of the 2018 electoral manifesto, campaign and government speeches, and social network posts, three arguments will be made: (i) authoritarianism is the primary defining attribute of Bolsonaro; (ii) populism only exists in the country associated with a solid negative political identity, an anti-Workers’ Party sentiment known in Brazil as antipetismo; and (iii) neoliberalism must be considered a fourth ideological element of the Brazilian PRR.

© 2023 John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.22133.tan
2023-05-09
2024-10-03

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/jlp.22133.tan
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Andes
    Andes 2019 “Bolsonaro exclui LGBT de diretrizes de direitos humanos.” Andes, January 3, 2019. Accessed3 June 2022. https://andes.org.br/conteudos/noticia/bolsonaro-exclui-lGBT-de-diretrizes-de-direitos-humanos1
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Santos, Fabiano, and Talita Tanscheit
    2019 “Quando velhos atores saem de cena: a ascensão da nova direita política no Brasil”. Colombia Internacional991: 151–186. 10.7440/colombiaint99.2019.06
     https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint99.2019.06 [Google Scholar]
  3. Bale, Tim, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser
    2021 Riding the Populist Wave: Europe’s Mainstream Right in Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781009006866
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009006866 [Google Scholar]
  4. Betim, Felipe
    2018 “Paulo Guedes: Bolsonaro representa a classe média, agredida e abandonada pela esquerda”. El Pais, August 28, 2018. Accessed13 July 2022. https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/08/23/politica/1534995588_943964.html
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bernardino, Joaze
    2002 “Ações Afirmativas e a Rediscussão do Mito da Democracia Racial no Brasil”. Estudos Afro-Asiáticos24(3): 247–273. 10.1590/S0101‑546X2002000200002
     https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-546X2002000200002 [Google Scholar]
  6. Betz, Hans-Georg
    2017 “The new politics of resentment: radical right-wing populist parties in Western Europe”. InThe populist radical right. A reader, ed. byCas Mudde, 338–51. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bolsonaro, Eduardo
    2022 “Alerta”. Instagram, February 5, 2022. Accessed12 July 2022. https://www.instagram.com/p/CZnOvFMg47A/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=2b2726fd-cff5-4a79-8aad-c253d5178cd9
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bolsonaro, Jair
    2019 Inaugural Address. Accessed15 July 2022. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2019/01/leia-a-integra-do-discurso-de-bolsonaro-na-cerimonia-de-posse-no-congresso.shtml
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 2018 O caminho da prosperidade. Accessed15 July 2022. https://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/candidaturas/oficial/2018/BR/BR/2022802018/280000614517/proposta_1534284632231.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Brasil, Cristina, and Vladimir Platonow
    2018 “Bolsonaro diz que não perdoa agressor e quer que ele mofe na cadeia”. Agencia Brasil, 9 October, 2018. Accessed3 June 2022. https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/bolsonaro-diz-que-nao-perdoa-agressor-e-quer-que-ele-mofe-na-cadeia
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Campello, Daniela
    2019 “Retrospective voting and democratic accountability”. InThe Routledge Handbook of Brazilian Politics, ed. byBarry Ames, 202–215. New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Carta Capital
    Carta Capital 2018 “Bolsonaro em 25 frases polêmicas”. Carta Capital, October 29, 2018. Accessed6 June 2022. https://www.cartacapital.com.br/politica/bolsonaro-em-25-frases-polemicas/
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Casado, José
    2022 “Na pandemia, cortes de 79% na saúde e até 85% na educação”. Veja, 14 April, 2022. Accessed3 June 2022. https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/jose-casado/na-pandemia-cortes-de-79-na-saude-e-de-ate-85-na-educacao/
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Castanho Silva, Bruno, Mario Fuks, and Eduardo Tamaki
    2022 “So thin it’s almost invisible: Populist attitudes and voting behavior in Brazil”. Electoral Studies751 (Feb): 102434. 10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102434
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102434 [Google Scholar]
  15. Chaib, Julia
    2020 “Bolsonaro ignora norte de Beto Freitas e diz que lugar de quem prega discórdia é no lixo”. Folha, November 21, 2020. Accessed15 July 2022. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2020/11/bolsonaro-ignora-morte-de-beto-freitas-e-diz-que-quem-prega-discordia-tem-de-ir-para-o-lixo.shtml
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Farias, Lindbergh
    2016 Relatório Final da CPI – Assassinato de Jovens. Senado, August 6, 2016. Accessed15 July 2022. https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/arquivos/2016/06/08/veja-a-integra-do-relatorio-da-cpi-do-assassinato-de-jovens
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fuks, Mario, and Pedro Henrique Marques
    2020 “Contexto e voto: o impacto da reorganização da direita sobre a consistência ideológica do voto nas eleições de 2018”. Opinião Pública26(3): 401–430. 10.1590/1807‑01912020263401
     https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912020263401 [Google Scholar]
  18. Fuks, Mario, Ednaldo Ribeiro, and Julian Borba
    2021 “From Antipetismo to Generalized Antipartisanship: The Impact of Rejection of Political Parties on the 2018 Vote for Bolsonaro”. Brazilian Political Science Review15(1), e0005. 10.1590/1981‑3821202100010003
     https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-3821202100010003 [Google Scholar]
  19. G1
    G1 2022 “Bolsonaro admite casos isolados, mas diz que corrupção no seu governo não é endêmica”. G1, June 29, 2022. Accessed11 July 2022. https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/06/29/bolsonaro-admite-casos-isolados-mas-diz-que-corrupcao-no-governo-nao-e-endemica.ghtml
     [Google Scholar]
  20. G1
    G1 2020 “Bolsonaro diz que acabou com operação Lava Jato porque governo não tem mais corrupção”. G1, October 7, 2020. Accessed11 July 2022. https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/10/07/bolsonaro-diz-que-acabou-com-a-operacao-lava-jato-porque-governo-nao-tem-mais-corrupcao.ghtml
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Gortázar, Naiara
    2021 “Nem um centímetro a mais para os indígenas e para a biodiversidade no Brasil de Bolsonaro”. El Pais, August 20, 2021. Accessed3 June 2022. https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2021-08-20/nem-um-centimetro-a-mais-para-os-indigenas-e-para-a-biodiversidade-no-brasil-de-bolsonaro.html
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Goodel, Jeff
    2021 “What to do about Jair Bolsonaro, the world’s most dangerous climate denier”. Rolling Stone, June 9, 2021. Accessed26 January 2023. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/jair-bolsonaro-rainforest-destruction-1180129/. Accessed13 March 2023.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Guimarães, Antonio
    2002 “Democracia Racial: o Ideal, o Pacto e o Mito”. Novos Estudos611(Feb.): 305–333.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Hunter, Wendy, and Timothy Power
    2019 “Bolsonaro and Brazil’s Illiberal Backlash”. Journal of Democracy30(1): 68–82. 10.1353/jod.2019.0005
     https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0005 [Google Scholar]
  25. Lacerda, Marina
    2019 O Novo Conservadorismo Brasileiro. Porto Alegre: Editora Zouk.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Layton, Matthew, Amy Erica Smith, Mason Moseley, and Mollie Cohen
    2021 “Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right: Brazil’s 2018 presidential election”. Research & Politics (Jan.-Mar.): 1–7. 10.1177/2053168021990204
     https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168021990204 [Google Scholar]
  27. Lisboa, Vinicius
    2018 “Bolsonaro diz ter firmado compromisso em defesa da família”. Agência Brasil, October 17, 2018. Accessed15 July 2022. https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/bolsonaro-diz-ter-firmado-compromisso-em-defesa-da-familia
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Marinho, Will
    2020 “Governo lança plano anticorrupção para os próximos 5 anos”. CNN, December 9, 2020. Accessed15 July 2022. https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/governo-lanca-plano-anticorrupcao-para-os-proximos-cinco-anos/
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Meléndez , Carlos, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser
    2017 “Political identities: the missing link in the study of populism”. Party Politics25(4): 1–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Mões, Malu
    2022 “Ações de armas disparam sob Bolsonaro”. Poder 360, January 23, 2022. Accessed3 June 2022. https://www.poder360.com.br/governo/importacao-porte-e-registro-de-armas-disparam-sob-bolsonaro/
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Mudde, Cas
    2004 “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition39(4): 541–563. 10.1111/j.1477‑7053.2004.00135.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x [Google Scholar]
  32. 2007 Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511492037
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492037 [Google Scholar]
  33. Mudde, Cas, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser
    2017 Populism: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  34. Nadir, Patricia
    2022 “Bolsonaro diz que solução para economia está nas mãos de Deus”. Poder 360, May 28, 2022. Accessed4 June 2022. https://www.poder360.com.br/governo/bolsonaro-diz-que-solucao-para-economia-esta-nas-maos-de-deus/
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Ötsch, Walter, and Stephan Pühringer
    2017 “Right-wing populism and market fundamentalism”. Journal of Language and Politics16(3): 497–509. 10.1075/jlp.17027.ots
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17027.ots [Google Scholar]
  36. Rennó, Lucio
    2020 “The Bolsonaro Voter: Issue Positions and Vote Choice in the 2018 Brazilian Presidential Elections”. Latin American Politics and Society62(4): 1–23. 10.1017/lap.2020.13
     https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.13 [Google Scholar]
  37. Reuters
    Reuters 2021 “Bolsonaro diz que tem vontade de privatizar a Petrobrás e vai avaliar com a equipe econômica”. Infomoney, October 14, 2021. Accessed3 June 2022. https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/bolsonaro-diz-que-tem-vontade-de-privatizar-a-petrobras-e-vai-avaliar-com-equipe-economica/
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Samuels, David, and Cesar Zucco
    2018 Partisans, antipartisans, and nonpartisans. Voting behavior in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108553742
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108553742 [Google Scholar]
  39. Said, Flavia
    2022 “Bolsonaro: casamento homoafetivo atacou coração dos cristãos do país”. Metrópoles, 17 January, 2022. Accessed12 July 2022. https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/politica-brasil/bolsonaro-casamento-homoafetivo-atacou-coracao-dos-cristaos-do-pais
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Silva, Francisco
    2020 “O racismo de Jair Bolsonaro: origens e consequências”. Nexo, November 17, 2020. Accessed3 June 2022. https://www.nexojornal.com.br/ensaio/2020/O-racismo-de-Jair-Bolsonaro-origens-e-consequ%C3%AAncias
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Soares, Felipe
    2018 “Os discursos de Bolsonaro e Haddad no Primeiro e no Segundo Turno”. MIDIARSOctober 26, 2018. Accessed18 July 2022. https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/midiars/2018/10/26/os-discursos-de-bolsonaro-e-haddad-no-primeiro-e-segundo-turno/
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Tamaki, Eduardo, and Mario Fuks
    2020 “Populism in Brazil’s 2018 general elections: an analysis of Bolsonaro’s campaign speeches”. Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política1091: 103–127. 10.1590/0102‑103127/109
     https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-103127/109 [Google Scholar]
  43. Tarouco, Gabriela, and Rafael Madeira
    2013 “Partidos, programas e o debate sobre esquerda e direita no Brasil”. Revista de Sociologia e Política21 (45): 149–165. 10.1590/S0104‑44782013000100011
     https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782013000100011 [Google Scholar]
  44. Zanotti, Lisa, and Kenneth Roberts
    2021 “(Aún) la excepción y no la regla: la derecha populista radical en América Latina”. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política30(1): 23–48.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.22133.tan
Loading
  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): authoritarianism; Brazil; Jair Bolsonaro; neoliberalism; Populist Radical Right

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error