1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
  4. Volume 33, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 33, Issue 2
  • ISSN 0920-9034
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9870
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Abstract

Published literature on Lingua Franca contains divergent views regarding its place in the taxonomy of contact language types. While this language is traditionally regarded as a pidgin, some scholars consider it more accurate to view it as a koine. This paper shows that Lingua Franca exhibits features that are consistent with both pidginization and koineization, and proposes to view it as located on the pidgin/koine continuum.

© John Benjamins
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
2018-10-19
2025-04-21

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Anonymous
    Anonymous 1830a Dictionnaire de la langue franque ou petit mauresque, suivi de quelques dialogues familiers et d’un vocabulaire de mots arabes les plus usuels, a l’usage des français en Afrique. Marseille: Typographie de Feissat ainé et Demonchy.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Anonymous
    Anonymous 1830b Alger. Topographie, population, forces militaires de terre et de mer, acclimatement et resources que le pays peut offrir à l’armée d’expédition, precede d’un résumé historique; suivi d’un précis sur le service des troupes pendant un siège et orné d’un plan très exact de la ville et de ses environs. Par un Français qui a résidé à Alger. Marseille: Typographie de Feissat ainé et Demonchy.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Anonymous
    Anonymous 1852 La lanque sabir. L’Algérien, 11May 1852.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Arends, Jacques
    1997 The Lingua Franca hypothesis: A review of the evidence. Paper presented atthe meeting of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, London, June 1997.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 1998 A bibliography of Lingua Franca. The Carrier Pidgin26. 4–5, 33–35.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 2005 Lingua Franca. In Philipp Strazny (ed.), Encyclopedia of linguistics, Vol.1, 625–626. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Aslanov, Cyril
    2006 Le français au Levant, jadis et naguère: À la recherche d’une langue perdue. Paris: Honoré Champion.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 2010 Débat sur l’ouvrage de Jocelyne Dakhlia, Lingua franca: Histoire d’une langue métisse en Méditerranée. Langage et Société134. 103–113.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 2014 Lingua Franca in the Western Mediterranean: Between myth and reality. In Juliane Besters-Dilger , Cynthia Dermarkar , Stefan Pfänder , & Achim Rabus (eds.), Congruence in contact-induced language change: Language families, typological resemblance, and perceived similarity, 122–136. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110338454.122
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110338454.122 [Google Scholar]
  10. Bernini, Giuliano
    1987 Le preposizioni nell’italiano lingua seconda. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica e Letterature Comparate3. 129–152.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 1989 Strategie di costruzione dei paradigmi verbali in lingua seconda. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica e Letterature Comparate5. 195–208.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 2010 Italiano come pidgin. In Raffaele Simone (ed.), Enciclopedia dell’italiano, vol.1. Rome: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/italiano-come-pidgin_(Enciclopedia-dell’Italiano)/ (13 February, 2017.)
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Berretta, Monica
    1986 Per uno studio dell’apprendimento dell’italiano in contesto naturale: Il caso dei pronomi personali atoni. In Anna Giacalone Ramat (ed.), L’apprendimento spontaneo di una seconda lingua, 329–353. Bologna: Il Mulino.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. 1988 “Che sia ben chiaro ciò di cui parli”: Riprese anaforiche tra chiarificazione e semplificazione. Annali della Facoltà di Lettere dell’Universita di Cagliarin.s.8. 367–389.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 1990 Sull’accusativo preposizionale in italiano. In Monica Berretta , Piera Molinelli , & Ada Valentini (eds.), Parallela 4. Morfología / Morphologie, 179–189. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 1991 Note sulla sintassi dell’accusativo preposizionale in italiano. Linguistica31. 211–232.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1992 Marcatezza in morfologia e apprendimento di lingue seconde. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica e Letterature Comparate8. 129–156.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Berruto, Gaetano
    1983 L’italiano popolare e la semplificazione linguistica. Vox Romanica42. 38–79.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. 1991  Fremdarbeiteritalienisch: Fenomeni di pidginizzazione dell’italiano nella Svizzera tedesca. Rivista di Linguistica3. 333–367.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 1993 Italiano in Europa oggi: Foreigner talk nella Svizzera tedesca. InOmaggio a Gianfranco Folena, 2275–2290. Padova: Programma.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. 2012 Sociolinguistica dell’italiano contemporaneo. 2nd ed.Rome: Carocci.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Berruto, Gaetano , Bruno Moretti , & Stephan Schmid
    1990 Interlingue italiane nella Svizzera tedesca. Osservazioni generali e note sul sistema dell’articolo. In Emanuele Banfi & Patrizia Cordin (eds.), Storia dell’italiano e forme dell’italianizzazione, 203–228. Rome: Bulzoni.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Bilous, Rostyslav
    2011 Transitivité et marquage d’objet différentiel. Toronto: The University of Torontodissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Bossong, Georg
    1991 Differential object marking in Romance and beyond. In Dieter Wanner & Douglas A. Kibbee (eds.), New analyses in Romance linguistics, 143–170. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.69.14bos
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.69.14bos [Google Scholar]
  25. Broughton, Mrs
    1840 Six years residence in Algiers. 2nd ed.London: Saunders and Otley.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Butt, John & Carmen Benjamin
    2004 A new reference grammar of Modern Spanish. 4th ed.New York: McGraw-Hill.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Camamis, George
    1977 Estudios sobre el cautiverio en el Siglo de Oro. Madrid: Gredos.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Castellanos, Carles
    2007 La lingua franca, una revolució lingüística mediterrània amb empremta catalana. Paper presented atthe XII International Colloquium of the North American Catalan Society, Halifax, Canada, May 2007. www.uab.cat/Document/439/403/castellanos_linguafranca2007.pdf (14 February, 2017.)
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Chitoran, Ioana
    2002 The phonology of Romanian: A constraint-based approach. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110889185
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110889185 [Google Scholar]
  30. Cifoletti, Guido
    1978  Lingua franca e sabir: Considerazioni storiche et terminologiche. Incontri Linguistici4. 205–212.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 1989 La lingua franca mediterranea. Padua: Unipress.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 2000 La lingua franca a Venezia nel settecento. In Vincenzo Orioles (ed.), Documenti letterari del plurilinguismo, 9–18. Rome: Il Calamo.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 2004 La lingua franca barbaresca. Rome: Il Calamo.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1996 Genitivo e genitivi pronominali nel DP italiano. In Baola Benincà , Guglielmo Cinque , Tullio de Mauro , & Nigel Vincent (eds.), Italiano e dialetti nel tempo: Saggi di gramática per Giulio C. Lepschy, 67–84. Rome: Bulzoni.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Clements, J. Clancy
    2003 The tense-aspect system in pidgins and naturalistically learned L2. Studies in Second Language Acquisition25. 245–281.10.1017/S0272263103000111
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263103000111 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2009 The linguistic legacy of Spanish and Portuguese: Colonial expansion and language change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511576171
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511576171 [Google Scholar]
  37. 2012 The Spanish-based creoles. In José Ignacio Hualde , Antxón Olarréa , & Erin O’Rouke (eds.), Handbook of Hispanic linguistics, 27–46. Oxford: Blackwell.10.1002/9781118228098.ch2
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118228098.ch2 [Google Scholar]
  38. 2014 Form selection in contact languages: Evidence from some Portuguese- and Spanish-lexified contact varieties. In Patricia Amaral & Ana Maria Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese-Spanish interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, 377–401. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Clissold, Stephen
    1977 The Barbary slaves. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Coates, William A.
    1971 The Lingua Franca. In Frances Ingemann (ed.), Papers from the Fifth Annual Kansas Linguistics Conference, 25–34. Lawrence, Kansas: The Linguistics Department, University of Kansas.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Cornelissen, Ralf
    1992 Zur Lingua Franca des Mittelmeers. In Gabriele Birken-Silverman & Gerda Rössler (eds.), Beiträge zur sprachlichen, literarischen und kulturellen Vielfalt in der Philologien, 217–228. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Coutelle, Louis
    1977 Grec, greghesco, lingua franca. In Hans-Georg Beck , Manoussos Manoussacas , & Agostino Pertusi (eds.), Venezia: Centro di mediazione tra Oriente e Occidente (secoli XV-XVI). Aspetti e problemi, Vol.2, 537–544. Florence: Leo S. Olschki.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Couto, Hildo Honório do
    2002 A língua franca mediterrânea: Histórico, textos e interpretação. Brasilia: Editora Plano.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Cremona, Joseph
    1996 L’italiano in Tunisi. La lingua di alcuni testi del tardo 500 e del 600. In Baola Benincà , Guglielmo Cinque , Tullio de Mauro , & Nigel Vincent (eds.), Italiano e dialetti nel tempo: Saggi di gramática per Giulio C. Lepschy, 85–97. Rome: Bulzoni.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 2002 Italian-based Lingua Francas around the Mediterranean. In Anna Laura Lepschy & Arturo Tosi (eds.), Multilingualism in Italy: Past and present, 24–30. Oxford: Legenda.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Da Tos, Martina
    2012 The intramorphological meanings of thematic vowels in Italian verbs. Padua: The University of Paduadissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Davis, Robert C.
    2003 Christian slaves, Muslim masters: White slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800. Hampshire/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Epalza, Míkel de & Abdel-Hakim Slama-Gafsi
    2010 El español hablado en Túnez por los moriscos o andalusíes y sus descendientes (siglos XVII-XVIII). Material léxico y onomástico documentado, siglos XVII-XXI. Valencia: Universitat de València, Granada: Universidad de Granada, & Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Fagard, Benjamin & Alexandru Mardale
    2014 Non, mais tu l’as vu à lui? Analyse(s) du marquage différentiel de l’objet en français. Verbum26. 145–170. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01121653/document (14 February, 2017.)
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Ferguson, Charles A.
    1971 Absence of copula and the notion of simplicity: A study of normal speech, baby talk, foreigner talk, and pidgins. In Dell Hymes (ed.), Pidginization and creolization of languages, 141–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Ferguson, Charles A. & Charles E. DeBose
    1977 Simplified registers, broken language, and pidginization. In Albert Valdman (ed.), Pidgin and creole linguistics, 99–125. Bloomington/ London: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Fiorentino, Giuliana
    2010 Accusativo preposizionale. In Raffaele Simone (ed.), Enciclopedia dell’italiano, vol.1. Rome: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/accusativo-preposizionale_(Enciclopedia-dell’Italiano)/ (10 February, 2017.)
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Foltys, Christian
    1984–1985 Die Belege der Lingua Franca. Neue Romania1. 1–37, 2. 133–134.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. 1987 Das ‘Dictionnaire de la langue franque’ von 1830 und die Frage der sprachlichen Expansion in der Lingua Franca. Neue Romania5. 60–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Gardani, Francesco
    2016 Allogenous exaptation. In Muriel Norde & Freek Van De Velde (eds.), Exaptation and language change, 227–260. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.336.08gar
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.336.08gar [Google Scholar]
  56. Geeslin, Kimberly L. & Pedro Guijarro-Fuentes
    2008 Variation in contemporary Spanish: Linguistic predictors of estar in four cases of language contact. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition11. 365–380.10.1017/S1366728908003593
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003593 [Google Scholar]
  57. Grion, Giusto
    1890–1892 Farmacopea e lingua franca del dugento. Archivio Glottologico Italiano12. 181–186.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Habte-Mariam, Marcos
    1976 Italian. In M. L. Bender , J. D. Bowen , R. L. Cooper , & C. A. Ferguson (eds.), Language in Ethiopia, 170–180. London: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Haedo, Fray Diego de
    1612 Topographia e historia general de Argel. Valladolid.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Harris-Northall, Ray
    1996 The Old Spanish participle in -udo: Its origin, use, and loss. Hispanic Review64. 31–56.10.2307/475037
     https://doi.org/10.2307/475037 [Google Scholar]
  61. Heath, Jeffrey
    2002 Jewish and Muslim dialects of Moroccan Arabic. London/New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Johanson, Lars
    2012 Mood meets mood: Turkic versus Indo-European. In Martine Vanhove , Thomas Stolz , Aina Urdze , & Hitomi Otsuka (eds.), Morphologies in contact, 195–203. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Kabatek, Johannes & Claus D. Pusch
    2011 The Romance languages. In Bernd Kortmann & Johan van der Auwera (eds.), The languages and linguistics of Europe: A comprehensive guide, 69–96. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9783110220261.69
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110220261.69 [Google Scholar]
  64. Kahane, Henry & Renée Kahane
    1985 A case of glossism: Greghesco and Lingua Franca in Venetian literature. In M. Deanovíc et al. (eds.), Mélanges de linguistique dédiés à la mémoire de Petar Skok (1881–1956), 223–228. Zagreb: Djela Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Kerswill, Paul
    2010 Contact and new varieties. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), The handbook of language contact, 230–251. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.10.1002/9781444318159.ch11
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318159.ch11 [Google Scholar]
  66. Kerswill, Paul & Peter Trudgill
    2005 The birth of new dialects. In Peter Auer , Frans Hinskens , & Paul Kerswill (eds.), Dialect change: Convergence and divergence in European languages, 196–220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Klein, Wolfgang & Clive Perdue
    1997 The Basic Variety (or: Couldn’t natural languages be much simpler?)Second Language Research13. 301–347.10.1191/026765897666879396
     https://doi.org/10.1191/026765897666879396 [Google Scholar]
  68. Korletjanu, Nikolai Grigorievich
    1974 Issledovanie narodnoj latyni i ee otnoshenij s romanskimi jazykami [A study of Vulgar Latin and its relationship with Romance languages]. Moscow: Nauka.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Labov, William
    2007 Transmission and diffusion. Language83. 344–387.10.1353/lan.2007.0082
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2007.0082 [Google Scholar]
  70. Lapesa, Rafael
    1980 Historia de la lengua española. 8th ed.Madrid: Gredos.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Lipski, John M.
    2002 ‘Partial Spanish’: Strategies of pidginization and simplification (from Lingua Franca to ‘Gringo Lingo’). In Caroline R. Wiltshire & Joaquim Campts (eds.), Romance phonology and variation: Selected papers from the 30th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages, Gainesville, Florida, February 2000, 117–143. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.217.11lip
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.217.11lip [Google Scholar]
  72. n.d.On the source of the infinitive in Romance-derived pidgins and creoles. www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/infinitive.pdf (11 February, 2017.)
  73. Maiden, Martin
    2011 Morphological persistence. In Martin Maiden , John Charles Smith , & Adam Ledgeway (eds.), The Cambridge history of the Romance languages, vol.1, Structures, 155–214. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. 2016 Inflectional morphology. In Adam Ledgeway & Martin Maiden (eds.), The Oxford guide to the Romance languages, 497–512. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.003.0027
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.003.0027 [Google Scholar]
  75. Minervini, Laura
    1996 La lingua franca mediterranea: Plurilinguismo, mistilinguismo, pidginizzazione sulle coste del mediterraneo tra tardo medioevo e prima età moderna. Medioevo Romanzo20. 231–301.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Morsly, Dalila
    1996 Alger plurilingue. Plurilinguismes12. 47–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Mufwene, Salikoko S.
    1997 Jargons, pidgins, creoles and koines: What are they?In Arthur K. Spears & Donald Winford (eds.), The structure and status of pidgins and creoles, 35–70. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.19.05muf
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.19.05muf [Google Scholar]
  78. 2001 The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511612862
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612862 [Google Scholar]
  79. Napoli, Donna Jo & Irene Vogel
    1990 The conjugations of Italian. Italica67. 479–502.10.2307/479093
     https://doi.org/10.2307/479093 [Google Scholar]
  80. Neuburger, Kathrin A. & Elisabeth Stark
    2014 Differential object marking in Corsican. Regularities and triggering factors. Linguistics52. 365–389.10.1515/ling‑2013‑0066
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2013-0066 [Google Scholar]
  81. Obediente y Sosa, Enrique
    1997 Biografía de una lengua: Nacimiento, desarrollo y expansión del español. Merida-Venezuela: Universidad de los Andes, Consejo de Publicaciones CDCHT.
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Oltra Massuet, Maria Isabel
    1999 On the notion of theme vowel: A new approach to Catalan verbal morphology. Boston, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of Technologythesis.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Operstein, Natalie
    1998 Was Lingua Franca ever creolized?Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages13. 377–380.10.1075/jpcl.13.2.11nat
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.2.11nat [Google Scholar]
  84. 2007 On the status and transmission of Lingua Franca. In Wolfgang Hock & Michael Meier-Brügger (eds.), Darъ slovesьny: Festschrift für Christoph Koch zum 65. Geburtstag, 235–249. Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner.
     [Google Scholar]
  85. 2017a The Spanish component in Lingua Franca. Language Ecology1. 105–136.10.1075/le.1.2.01ope
     https://doi.org/10.1075/le.1.2.01ope [Google Scholar]
  86. 2017b Syntactic structures of Lingua Franca in the Dictionnaire de la langue franque. Italian Journal of Linguistics29(2). 87–130.
     [Google Scholar]
  87. 2018a Inflection in Lingua Franca: From Haedo’s Topographia to the Dictionnaire de la langue franque. Morphology. doi: 10.1007/s11525‑018‑9320‑8.
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-018-9320-8 [Google Scholar]
  88. 2018b Toward a typological profile of Lingua Franca: A view from the lexicon and word formation. Language Sciences66. 60–82.10.1016/j.langsci.2017.12.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2017.12.007 [Google Scholar]
  89. Orozco, Rafael
    2010a A sociolinguistic study of Colombian Spanish in Colombia and New York City. New York, NY: The New York Universitydissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  90. 2010b Variation in the expression of nominal possession in Costeño Spanish. Spanish in Context7. 194–220.10.1075/sic.7.2.03oro
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.03oro [Google Scholar]
  91. Parkvall, Mikael & Peter Bakker
    2013 Pidgins. In Peter Bakker & Yaron Matras (eds.), Contact languages: A comprehensive guide, 15–64. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9781614513711.15
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614513711.15 [Google Scholar]
  92. Penny, Ralph
    2002 A history of the Spanish language. 2nd ed.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511992827
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511992827 [Google Scholar]
  93. Pineda, Anna
    2012 Double object constructions and dative/accusative alternations in Spanish and Catalan: A unified account. Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics2. 57–115.10.7557/1.2.1.2524
     https://doi.org/10.7557/1.2.1.2524 [Google Scholar]
  94. Plag, Ingo
    2008a Creoles as interlanguages: Inflectional morphology. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages23. 109–130.
     [Google Scholar]
  95. 2008b Creoles as interlanguages: Syntactic structures. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages23. 307–328.10.1075/jpcl.23.2.06pla
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.23.2.06pla [Google Scholar]
  96. 2009a Creoles as interlanguages: Phonology. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages24. 119–138.10.1075/jpcl.24.1.06pla
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.1.06pla [Google Scholar]
  97. 2009b Creoles as interlanguages: Word-formation. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages24. 339–362.10.1075/jpcl.24.2.05pla
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.05pla [Google Scholar]
  98. Pountain, Christopher
    1982 *ESSERE/STARE as a Romance phenomenon. In Nigel Vincent & Martin Harris (eds.), Studies in the Romance verb. Essays offered to Joe Cremona on the occasion of his 60th birthday, 139–160. London: Croom Helm.
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Rainer, Franz
    2016a Spanish. In Peter O. Müller , Ingeborg Ohnheiser , Susan Olsen , & Franz Rainer (eds.), Word formation: An international handbook of the languages of Europe, Vol.4, 2620–2640. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9783110379082‑012
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110379082-012 [Google Scholar]
  100. 2016b Italian. In Peter O. Müller , Ingeborg Ohnheiser , Susan Olsen , & Franz Rainer (eds.), Word formation: An international handbook of the languages of Europe, Vol.4, 2712–2731. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9783110379082‑017
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110379082-017 [Google Scholar]
  101. Roberts, Sarah J. & Joan Bresnan
    2008 Retained inflectional morphology in pidgins: A typological study. Linguistic Typology12. 269–302.10.1515/LITY.2008.039
     https://doi.org/10.1515/LITY.2008.039 [Google Scholar]
  102. Rohlfs, Gerhard
    1968 Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti: Morfologia. Turin: Giulio Einaudi.
     [Google Scholar]
  103. 1971 Autour de l’accusatif prépositionnel dans les langues romanes. Revue de Linguistique Romane35. 312–334.
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Sayahi, Lotfi
    2014 Diglossia and language contact: Language variation and change in North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139035576
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035576 [Google Scholar]
  105. Schepens, Job , Frans van der Slik , & Roeland van Hout
    2013 The effect of linguistic distance across Indo-European mother tongues on learing Dutch as a second language. In Lars Borin & Anju Saxena (eds.), Approaches to measuring linguistic differences, 199–229. Berlin/ Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9783110305258.199
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110305258.199 [Google Scholar]
  106. Schmid, Stephan
    1992 Le interlingue di ispanofoni nella Svizzera tedesca: Un tipo di italiano popolare?In Bruno Moretti , Dario Petrini , & Sandro Bianconi (eds.), Linee di tendenza dell’italiano contemporaneo, 285–301. Rome: Bulzoni.
     [Google Scholar]
  107. 1994 L’italiano degli spagnoli. Interlingue di immigrati nella Svizzera tedesca. Milan: FrancoAngeli.
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Schuchardt, Hugo
    1909 Die Lingua franca. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie33. 441–461.10.1515/zrph.1909.33.4.441
     https://doi.org/10.1515/zrph.1909.33.4.441 [Google Scholar]
  109. Schwarze, Christoph
    1999 Inflectional classes in lexical functional morphology: Latin -sk- and its evolution. In Miriam Butt & Tracy Holloway King (eds.), Proceedings of the LFG 99 Conference, The University of Manchester. CSLI Publications. web.stanford.edu/group/cslipublications/cslipublications/LFG/4/lfg99schwarze.pdf (14 February, 2017.)
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Schwegler, Armin
    1990 Analyticity and syntheticity: A diachronic perspective with special reference to Romance languages. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110872927
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110872927 [Google Scholar]
  111. Schwenter, Scott A.
    2014 Two kinds of differential object marking in Portuguese and Spanish. In Patricia Amaral & Ana Maria Carvalho (eds.), Portuguese-Spanish interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact, 237–260. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Siegel, Jeff
    1985 Koines and koineization. Language in Society14. 357–378.10.1017/S0047404500011313
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500011313 [Google Scholar]
  113. 1997 Mixing, leveling, and pidgin/creole development. In Arthur K. Spears & Donald Winford (eds.), The structure and status of pidgins and creoles, 111–149. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.19.09sie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.19.09sie [Google Scholar]
  114. 2001 Koine formation and creole genesis. In Norval Smith & Tonjes Veenstra (eds.), Creolization and contact, 175–197. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/cll.23.08sie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.23.08sie [Google Scholar]
  115. Silva-Corvalán, Carmen
    1986 Bilingualism and language change: The extension of estar in Los Angeles Spanish. Language62. 587–608.10.1353/lan.1986.0023
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1986.0023 [Google Scholar]
  116. Stovicek, Thomas William
    2010 A developmental history of the Hispano-Romance verb conjugations. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State Universitydissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Tagliavini, Carlo
    1932 Divagazioni semantiche rumene e balcaniche. Archivum Romanicum16. 333–383.
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Thomason, Sarah Grey & Terrence Kaufman
    1988 Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Thompson, Roger
    1991 Copula deletion in Spanish foreigner-talk: Using questionnaires as a research tool. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages6. 89–106.10.1075/jpcl.6.1.06tho
     https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.1.06tho [Google Scholar]
  120. Trudgill, Peter
    2004 New-dialect formation: The inevitability of colonial Englishes. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Valentini, Ada
    1994 Un caso di comunicazione esolingue: Il foreigner talk. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica e Letterature Comparate10. 397–411.
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Vanelli, Laura
    1997 Personal pronouns and demonstratives. In Martin Maiden & Mair Parry (eds.), The dialects of Italy, 106–115. London/New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Varela, Soledad
    2011 Derivation and compounding. In José Ignacio Hualde , Antxon Olarrea , & Erin O’Rourke (eds.), Handbook of Spanish linguistics, 207–226. Wiley-Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Vedovelli, Massimo
    1989 Gli immigrati stranieri in Italia: Note sociolinguistiche. Studi Emigrazione93. 68–94.
     [Google Scholar]
  125. 1991a Apprendimento linguistico nel contesto dell’immigrazione. Scuola Democratica3–4. 119–130.
     [Google Scholar]
  126. 1991b L’immigrazione straniera in Italia: Note tra sociolinguistica e educazione linguistica. Studi Italiani di Linguistica Teorica ed Applicata20. 411–435.
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Vincent, Bernard
    2004 La langue espagnole en Afrique du Nord: XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. In Jocelyne Dakhlia (ed.), Trames de langues: Usages et métissages linguistiques dans l’histoire du Maghreb, 105–111. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose.10.4000/books.irmc.1459
     https://doi.org/10.4000/books.irmc.1459 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
Loading
Lingua Franca between pidginization and koineization
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 33, 307 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.00018.ope
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): contact languages; Fremdarbeiteritalienisch; Italian; koine; language contact; Maghreb; Mediterranean; pidgin; simplified Italian of Ethiopia; Spanish

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error