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Abstract

Abstract

A 1681 letter written by Jørgen Iversen (1638–1682), the first governor of Danish St. Thomas, unearthed from the Danish National Archives, contains a quote in incipient Virgin Islands Dutch Creole (VIDC). The quote, , lit. ‘I die/dead, I go, in my country’ (free translation: ‘If/when I die, I will go back to my own country’), predates other early VIDC sources by over half a century. This finding shows that a Dutch-related contact variety was in use on St. Thomas a mere decade after the island’s colonization in 1672. Assessing historical-demographic evidence alongside the linguistic evidence, the most plausible scenario, we argue, is one in which VIDC formed locally on St. Thomas rather than having been imported before the 1680s. The quote is among the earliest fragments of a European-lexifier contact language in the Caribbean, and among the earliest in any Dutch-related contact language.

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2025-02-06
2026-03-10

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“Mij dodte, mij loppe, in mijn lande”
John Benjamins ; https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24004.bxe
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keywords: historical textual evidence ; demography ; St. Thomas ; Jørgen Iversen ; Danish West Indies ; Virgin Islands Dutch Creole

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