1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
  4. Volume 32, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 32, Issue 2
  • ISSN 0920-9034
  • E-ISSN: 1569-9870
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Theories about the origin of the Spanish-lexified creoles of the Philippines known as Chabacano have been based on scarce historical samples. This article presents two early Chabacano texts that are more than twenty years older than the ones that have been available so far: ‘’, from 1859, and ‘’, from 1860. Based on a comparison with historical and contemporary sources pertaining to Philippine-Spanish contact varieties, the texts are placed in their linguistic and sociohistorical context. A linguistic analysis of the texts reveals a clear pattern of creole features and suggests that there was probably sociolinguistically motivated variation in different settings where the Chabacano varieties emerged. The results of the analysis confirm that Chabacano existed as a crystallized variety by at least the mid-19th century and was not restricted to interactions between servants and Spanish-speaking masters or to commercial contexts. Rather, it was already a language used for social and intimate relations and daily interactions in diverse neighborhoods of Manila.

© No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
2017-12-04
2023-12-11

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Balmori, Jesús
    1917 Na Maldito Arena (Poema Ermitense). Philippine Review/Revista FilipinaII(4April). 71–73.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Broad, H. P
    1929 Chabacano. Philippine MagazineXXVI. 142–160.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Cardoso, Hugo
    2014 Factoring sociolinguistic variation into the history of Indo-Portuguese. Revista de Crioulos de Base Lexical Portuguesa e Espanhola5. 87–114.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Diario de Manila 1884 April30. Manila.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. English, Leo James
    (C.Ss.R.) 1986 Tagalog-English Dictionary. Quezon City: National Book Store.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Escalante, Enrique
    2010 Learning Chabacano: A handbook. Manila: Baby Dragon Printing Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Fernández, Mauro A
    2007 Sobre el origen de con en chabacano. In Martina Schrader-Kniffki & Laura Morgenthaer García (eds.), La Romania en interacción: entre historia, contacto y política. Ensayos en homenaje a Klaus Zimmermann, 457–478. Frankfurt/Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 2009 La partícula con y la organización de la transitividad en chabacano. In Montserrat Veyrat Rigat & Enrique Serra Alegre (eds.), La lingüística como reto epistemológico y como acción social. Estudios dedicados al profesor Ángel López García con ocasión de su sexagésimo aniversario, 423–436. Madrid: Arco Libros SL.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 2010a La particula ‘con’ en el español de Filipinas, el Chabacano y el ‘taglish’. In Maria Iliescu , Heidi Siller-Runggaldier & Paul Danler (eds.), Actes du XXV Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes (Innsbruck, 3–8 September, 2007), Vol. 1, 305–313. Berlin: De Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110231922.1‑305
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110231922.1-305 [Google Scholar]
  10. 2010b Las cartas de Pardo de Tavera a Schuchardt sobre el ‘español de cocina’ de las Islas Filipinas. Grazer Linguistische Studien74. 239–272.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Fernández, Mauro
    2011 Chabacano en Tayabas: implicaciones para la historia de los criollos hispano-filipinos. Revista internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana17. 189–218.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 2012a El chabacano de Cotabato: el documento que Schuchardt no pudo utilizar. In Juliá Tomás Jiménez , Belén López Meirama , Victoria Vázquez Rozas & Alexandre Veiga (eds.), Cum corde et in nova grammatica. Estudios ofrecidos a Guillermo Rojo. Santiago de Compostela. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 2012b Leyenda e historia del chabacano de Ermita. UniverSOS: Revista de Lenguas Indígenas y Universos Culturales9. 9–46 & 65–70. www.uv.es/~calvo/amerindias/numeros/n9.pdf. (1 November, 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
  14. 2013a La correspondencia de Jacinto Juanmartí con Hugo Schuchardt. In Bernhardt Hurch (ed.), Hugo Schuchardt Archiv. schuchardt.uni-graz.at/id/person/1857. (15 August, 2017).
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 2013b La correspondencia de Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera con Hugo Schuchardt. In Bernhardt Hurch (ed.), Hugo Schuchardt Archiv. schuchardt.uni-graz.at/id/person/2349. (15 August, 2017).
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 2013c Los marcadores TMA y el origen de los criollos hispano-filipinos: el caso de de / di / ay. In Emili Casanova Herrero & Cesareo Calvo Rigual (eds.), Actas del XXVI Congreso Internacional de Lingüística y de Filología Románicas, 6–11 septiembre 2010, Valencia, 559–570. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: 10.1515/9783110300031.559
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110300031.559 [Google Scholar]
  17. 2014 Una carta de Francisco J. Baranera en el legado de Hugo Schuchardt. In Bernhardt Hurch (ed.), Hugo Schuchardt Archiv. https://schuchardt.uni-graz.at/id/person/1081. (15 August, 2017).
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 2015 La emergencia del chabacano en Filipinas: pruebas, indicios, conjeturas. In José María Santos-Rovira (ed.), Armonía y contrastes. Estudios sobre variación dialectal, histórica y sociolingüística del español, 175–196. Lugo: Axac.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. . In press. El pidgin chino-español de Manila a principios del siglo XVIII. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie134.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Forman, Michael
    1972 Zamboangueño text with Grammatical Analysis: A Study of Creole Spanish. Ithaca: Cornell University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. German, Alfredo B
    1932 Caviteño. The Spanish dialect of Cavite. Manila: University of the Philippines MA thesis.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Hazaël-Massieux, Marie-Christine
    2008 Textes anciens en créole français de la Caraïbe. Histoire et analyse. Paris: Éditions Publibook.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Lesho, Marivic
    2013 The sociophonetics and phonology of the Cavite Chabacano vowel system. Columbus: Ohio State University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Lipski, John
    1988 Philippine Creole Spanish: Assessing the Portuguese Element. Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie104. 25–45. doi: 10.1515/zrph.1988.104.1‑2.25
     https://doi.org/10.1515/zrph.1988.104.1-2.25 [Google Scholar]
  25. 2001 The Place of Chabacano in the Philippine Linguistic Profile. In Mauro Fernández (ed.), Shedding Light on the Chabacano Language [Estudios de Sociolingüística 2/2], 119–164.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. 2010 El chabacano y el español, resolviendo las ambiguedades. Lengua y Migración/Language and Migration2. 5–41.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Lozano, José Honorato
    1847 Album: Vistas de las Yslas Filipinas y trages de sus abitantes. Biblioteca Nacional de España. bdh.bne.es. (20 January, 2015).
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Martínez de Zúñiga, Joaquín
    1893 [ca. 1806] Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas, 2 vols. Madrid: Viuda de M. Minuesa de los Ríos.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Mas y Sanz, Sinibaldo de
    1843 Informe sobre el estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1842, 3 vols. Madrid: F. Sánchez.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. McKaughan, Howard
    1954 Notes on Chabacano Grammar. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies3. 205–226.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Meza, Arturo
    1993 Ansina como endenantes. Mexico: Oficio.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Molony, Carol
    1973 Sound changes in Chabacano. In Andrew Gonzalez (ed.), Parangal kay Cecilio Lopez: Essays in Honor of Cecilio Lopez on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday, 38–50. Quezon City: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 1977a Semantic changes in Chabacano. In Jürgen M. Meisel (ed.), Langues en contact-Pidgins-Creoles –Languages in Contact, 153–166. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 1977b Recent relexification processes in Philippine Creole Spanish. In Ben Blount & Mary Sanches (eds.), Sociocultural dimensions of language change, 131–160. New York: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑107450‑0.50014‑0
     https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-107450-0.50014-0 [Google Scholar]
  35. Montero y Gay, Claudio
    1876 Conferencias sobre las Filipinas, pronunciados en 3 de Junio y 7 de Octubre de 1876. Boletin de Sociedad geográfica de Madrid1. 297–338.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Montero y Vidal, José
    1876 Cuentos filipinos. Madrid: Imprenta, Estereotipia y Galvanoplastia de Aribau y Compañía.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Murillo Velarde, Pedro SI
    1749 Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas de la Compañía de Jesús. Imprenta de la Compañía de Jesús, por D. Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Née, Luis
    1803 Del buyo. Anales de Ciencias Naturales6(18). 289–297.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Nigoza, Evangelino
    2007 Bahra: the history, legends, customs and traditions of Ternate. Cavite: Cavite Historical Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Ocampo, Esteban A. de
    2007 [1943] The Ternateños: Their history, language, customs and traditions. Manila: National Historical Institute.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Ordóñez Rodríguez, José Ignacio
    2010 Apuntes de endenantes. Coatzacoalcos: Instituto Veracruzano de la Cultura.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Real Academia Española
    2001 Diccionario de la lengua española, 22nd ed. Madrid: Espasa.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. 2014 Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed. Madrid: Espasa.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Reinecke, John E
    1937 Marginal Languages. A sociological survey of the creole languages and trade jargons. New Haven: Yale University dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Rizal, José
    1891 El Filibusterismo. Gent: F. Meyer-Van Loo.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Rodríguez Sampedro, Joaquín
    (ed.) 1865 Legislación ultramarina, Tomo II. Madrid: Imprenta de Viota, Cubas y Vicente.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. San Buenaventura, Pedro de
    1613 Vocabvlario de Lengua Tagala. Pila: Thomas Pinpin Dominco Loag.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Santos y Gómez, Antonio
    1924 The Caviteño dialect. Manila: National Library of the Philippines (BEY37/12 Tagalog Ethnography Paper No. 448 5/66/6. 1–49), ms.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Schuchardt, Hugo
    1883 Kreolischen Studien IV: Über das Malaiospanische der Philippines. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien1883. 111–150.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Sippola, Eeva
    2011 Una gramática descriptiva del chabacano de Ternate. Helsinki: University of Helsinki dissertation.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 2013 Cavite Chabacano structure dataset. In Susanne Maria Michaelis , Philippe Maurer , Martin Haspelmath & Magnus Huber (eds.), Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. apics-online.info/contributions/45. (27 November, 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Steinkrüger, Patrick O
    2008 The puzzling case of Chabacano: creolization, substrate, mixing and secondary contact. Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17-20 January 2006, Palawan, Philippines. Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL International. www.sil.org/asia/philippines/ical/papers.html. (4 May, 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  53. 2013 Zamboanga Chabacano structure dataset. In Susanne Maria Michaelis , Philippe Maurer , Martin Haspelmath , Magnus Huber (eds.), Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. apics-online.info/contributions/46. (27 November, 2014).
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Tirona, Tomas T
    1924 An account of the Ternate dialect of Cavite. Manila: National Library of the Philippines (BEY37/13 Tagalog Ethnography Paper No. 487 4/55/5. 1–50), ms.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Tobar, Eduardo
    2015 Los pronombres personales sujeto en chabacano zamboangueño contemporáneo. In José María Santos-Rovira (ed.), Armonía y contrastes. Estudios sobre variación dialectal, histórica y sociolingüística del español, 197–212. Lugo: Axac.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Tombo, Juan Manuel
    1859 La buyera. Ilustración FilipinaI(8). 61–63.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 1860a La caza de gangas: cuadro al daguerrotipo de costumbres manileñas. Ilustración FilipinaII(22). 257–259.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. 1860b Juancho. Ilustración FilipinaII(23&24). 270–272 & 283–285.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Whinnom, Keith
    1956 Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippine Islands. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
Loading
A new window into the history of Chabacano
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, 304 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.04fer
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Chabacano; Chinese-Spanish Pidgin; early texts; formation period; variation

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error