1887
Volume 20, Issue 1
  • ISSN 0257-3784
  • E-ISSN: 2212-9731

Abstract

Abstract

This paper examines the linguistic features of Korean-language publications issued in the Russian Far East (RFE) between 1922 and 1937, the year all Koreans in the RFE were deported to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, and tries to answer the questions “Can we speak of a separate ‘Soviet’ Korean written language, and if so, what were its defining characteristics?” Moreover, “If there a ‘Soviet’ Korean written language, or at least the appearances of such, was this by design or by accident?” In order to answer these questions, the paper examines published materials in Korean from the RFE alongside metalinguistic statements the Korean language and Korean language policy penned by relevant Korean intellectuals and Soviet commentators.

The main argument is that we can indeed detect an incipient case of ‘language making’ and the beginnings of a distinct ‘Soviet Korean’ written language congealing in the years leading up to the deportation of 1937. But this was more by accident than by design, and owed on the one hand to the peculiar constellation of language policies, Soviet Korean language and orthographic ideologies, and Korean dialect facts in the RFE, and on the other hand to the relative shallowness of Korean language standardization on the peninsula itself.

Any further developments in the way of Soviet Korean ‘language making’ were nipped in the bud by the deportation of 1937 and the discontinuation of Korean language education in schools from 1938. As a result, written Soviet Korean ceased to exist, and Soviet Korean – Koryŏmal – became completed “unroofed”; the Soviet Koreans became a “rag doll nation” within the USSR, and spoken Soviet Korean/Koryŏmal became a “rag doll language.”

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    Rossiia Kongsandang Yŏnhae-do Kanbu Nyŏja-bu (ed.) 1925Nyŏja Taep’yo (Chaeryo Sujip) [Woman Representative (A Collection of Materials)]. 279pages. Vladivostok. Back cover missing. (“NT25”).
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    Yŏnhaedo Hangmugukto Chŏngch’i Munhwabu [Maritime Region Department of Education, Section for Politics and Culture] (eds.) 1925Musik ŭl eps.i hanŭn charan.i ŭi tokpon [A reader for adults to banish ignorance]. One-page translator’s preface (p. 3) + original preface (pp. 4–6) then pages 7–48. Uses sinographs. Haesamwi/Vladivostok ᅄᅳᆯ라지ᅄᅩ스똨: Tirazh: 15,000. Translation ofDoloi negramotnost’: Bukvar’ dlia vsroslykh [Down with illiteracy: A primer for adults]. (“M25”).
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    Yŏnhaedo Kyoyukpu [Maritime Region Department of Education] (eds.) 1926Pulgŭn ai: Sae tokpon. Tye 1 kwŏn, tye 1 p’yŏn [Red child: New reader. Volume 1, part 1]. Second edition. [Russian title on back cover: Krasnoe Ditia: Koreiskii bukvar’]. Top of page reads: Wŏndong Roryŏk Hakkyo [Far East Labor Schools]. 61 pages + Preface (緖言, pp.62–64). Sinographs in preface only. Hapalopssŭkhŭ/Vladivostok ᅄᅳᄙᅡ지ᅄᅩ쓰또크: Tosŏ Chusik Hoesa/Akt. O-vo Knizhnoe Delo. Tirazh: 5,000. Price: 80 kopecks. (“PA26”)
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    Yŏnhaedo Kyoyukpu [Maritime Region Department of Education] (eds.) 1926Pulgŭn ai: Sae tokpon. Tye 3 kwŏn [Red child: New reader. Volume 3]. [Russian title on back cover: Krasnoe Ditia: Kniga dlia chteniia na Koreiskom iazyke. God III]. Top of page reads: Wŏndong Roryŏk Hakkyo [Far East Labor Schools]. 265 pages. Sinographs throughout. Hapalopssŭkhŭ/Vladivostok ᅄᅳᄙᅡ지ᅄᅩ쓰또크: Tosŏ Chusik Hoesa/Akt. O-vo Knizhnoe Delo. Tirazh: 5,000. Price: 1 ruble 50 kopecks. (“PA26”).
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    Kongch’yŏnghoe Haesam-hyŏn Kanbu and Wŏndong Kanbu 1926Ppioneri chidoja: Tokpon [Pioneer leader: A reader]. Photo of Lenin(p. 1) + Preface (p. 3) + 5–70. Tirazh: 500. (“PC26”).
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    ] 1929Sae Hakkyo. Tokpon. Tye 1-kwŏn, tye 1-p’yŏn [New school: A reader. Volume one, part one] [R. title: Novaia shkola: Pervaia kniga Koreiskogo shkol’nika]. Khabarovsk: Tosŏ Chusikhoesa/”Knizhnoe Delo.” 79 pages + “From the authors” at the back (p. 80). Tirazh: 10,000. Price: 50 kop. “From the authors” on page 80 and dated “August 1929” is full of sinographs. (“SH29”).
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