1887
  1. Home
  2. e-Journals
  3. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
  4. Volume 6, Issue 5
  5. Article
Volume 6, Issue 5
  • ISSN 1879-9264
  • E-ISSN: 1879-9272
USD
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes

Abstract

Bilingualism is reported to re-structure executive control networks, but it remains unknown which aspects of the bilingual experience cause this modulation. This study explores the impact of three code-switching types on executive functions: (1) , (2) , and (3) or . Current models hypothesise that different code-switching types challenge different aspects of the executive system because they vary in the extent and scope of language separation. Two groups of German-English bilinguals differing in dense code-switching frequency participated in a flanker task under conditions varying in degree of trial-mixing and resulting demands to conflict-monitoring. Bilinguals engaging in more dense code-switching showed inhibitory advantages in the condition requiring most conflict-monitoring. Moreover, dense code-switching frequency correlated positively with monitoring skills. This suggests that dense code-switching is a key experience shaping bilinguals’ executive functioning and highlights the importance of controlling for participants’ code-switching habits in bilingualism research.

© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
2016-06-24
2025-04-24

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Abutalebi, J. , Green, D.W.
    (2008) Control mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence from language switching studies. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 557–582. doi: 10.1080/01690960801920602
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960801920602 [Google Scholar]
  2. Backus, A.
    (2015) A usage-based approach to codeswitching: The need for reconciling structure and function. In: G. Stell , K. Yapko eds. (Eds). Code-switching at the crossroads between structural and sociolinguistic perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  3. Bhatt, R. , Bolonyai, A.
    (2011) Code-switching and the optimal grammar of bilingual language use. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 522–546. doi: 10.1017/S1366728910000295
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728910000295 [Google Scholar]
  4. Bialystok, E.
    (2009) Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 3–11. doi: 10.1017/S1366728908003477
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003477 [Google Scholar]
  5. (2010) Global-Local and Trail-Making Tasks by Monolingual and Bilingual children: Beyond Inhibition. Developmental Psychology, 46, 93–105. doi: 10.1037/a0015466
     https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015466 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bialystok, E. , Craik, F.I.G. , Luk, G.
    (2012) Bilingualism: Consequences for Mind and Brain. Trends in Cognitive Science, 16, 240–250. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001 [Google Scholar]
  7. Botvinick, M. , Carter, C.S. , Braver, T.S. , Barch, D.M. , Cohen, J.D.
    (2001) Conflict-monitoring and Cognitive Control. Psychological Review, 108, 624–652. doi: 10.1037/0033‑295X.108.3.624
     https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624 [Google Scholar]
  8. Clyne, M.
    (2003) Dynamics of Language Change. Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact, Cambridge University Press.
  9. Costa, A. , Hernandez, M. , Sebastian-Galles, N.
    (2008) Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: Evidence from the ANT task. Cognition, 106, 59–86. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013 [Google Scholar]
  10. Costa, A. , Hernandez, M. , Costa-Faidella, J. , Sebastian-Galles, N.
    (2009) On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, 113, 135–149. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001 [Google Scholar]
  11. De Groot, A.M.B. , Christoffels, I.K.
    (2006) Language Control in bilinguals: Monolingual tasks and simultaneous interpreting. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 189–201. doi: 10.1017/S1366728906002537
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728906002537 [Google Scholar]
  12. Deuchar, M. , Muysken, P. & Wang, S.
    (2008) Structured Variation in Codeswitching: Towards an Empirically Based Typology of Bilingual Speech Patterns. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10, 298–34. doi: 10.2167/beb445.0
     https://doi.org/10.2167/beb445.0 [Google Scholar]
  13. Eppler, E.
    (2005) The Syntax of German-English code-switching. PhD Thesis, UCL.
  14. Gardner-Chloros, P.
    (2009) Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511609787
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609787
  15. Green, D.W.
    (1998) Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67–81. doi: 10.1017/S1366728998000133
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728998000133 [Google Scholar]
  16. Green, D.W. , Abutalebi, J.
    (2013) Language Control in Bilinguals: The Adaptive Control Hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 515–530. doi: 10.1080/20445911.2013.796377
     https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.796377 [Google Scholar]
  17. Green, D.W. , Wei, L.
    (2014) A control process model of CS. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 24, 499–511. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2014.882515
     https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2014.882515 [Google Scholar]
  18. Guo, T. , Liu, H. , Misra, M. , Kroll, J.F.
    (2011) Local and global inhibition in bilingual word production: fMRI evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals. Neuroimage, 56, 2300–2309. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.049
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.049 [Google Scholar]
  19. Li, P. , Zhang, F. , Tsai, E. , Puls, B.
    (2013) Language history questionnaire (LHQ 2.0): A new dynamic web-based research tool. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 673–680. doi: 10.1017/S1366728913000606
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000606 [Google Scholar]
  20. Morales, J. , Yudes, C. , Gomez-Ariza, C.J. , Teresa Bajo, M.
    (2015) Bilingualism modulates dual mechanisms of cognitive control: Evidence from ERPs. Neuropsychologia, 66, 157–169. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.014
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.014 [Google Scholar]
  21. Muysken, P.
    (2000) Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  22. Paap, K.R. , Greenberg, Z.I.
    (2013) There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing, Cognitive Psychology, 66, 232–258. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002 [Google Scholar]
  23. Prior, A. , Gollan, T.H.
    (2011) Good language-switchers are good task-switchers: evidence from Spanish-English and Mandarin-English bilinguals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 682–691. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711000580
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617711000580 [Google Scholar]
  24. Raven, J. , Raven, J.C. , & Court, J.H.
    (1998) Manual for Raven’s progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
  25. Soveri, A. , Rodriguez-Fornells, A. , Laine, M.
    (2011) Is there a relationship between language switching and executive functions in bilingualism? Introducing a within-group analysis approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article183.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Treffers-Daller, J.
    (1998) The IC model and code-switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 98–99.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. (2009) Code-switching and transfer: an exploration of similarities and differences. In: Bullock, B.E. and Almeida, J.T. (Eds). The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Codeswitching. Cambridge University Press, pp.58–74. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511576331.005
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511576331.005 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
Loading
Effects of dense code-switching on executive control
Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 6, 648 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
/content/journals/10.1075/lab.15052.hof
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Code-switching; executive functions; flanker task

Most Cited

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error