What does and doesn’t affect L2 overt pronoun production

References

1. ACTFL
   ACTFL (2012) ACTFL proficiency guidelines – speaking. www.actfl.org, accessedDecember, 2018.
2. Bates, D. M. , Machler, M. , Bolker, B. , & Walker, S.
   (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. 10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 [Google Scholar]
3. Chang, H. , & Zheng, L.
   (2018) Asymmetries of null subjects and null objects in L1-English and L1-Japanese learners’ Chinese. Linguistics, 56(5), 1141–1166. 10.1515/ling‑2018‑0021
   https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0021 [Google Scholar]
4. Chierchia, G.
   (1998) Reference to kinds across languages. Natural Language Semantics, 6, 339–405. 10.1023/A:1008324218506
   https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008324218506 [Google Scholar]
5. Gundel, J. , Hedberg, N. , & Zacharski, R.
   (1993) Cognitive status and the form of referring expressions in discourse. Language, 69(2), 274–307. 10.2307/416535
   https://doi.org/10.2307/416535 [Google Scholar]
6. Han, N. R.
   (2006) Korean zero pronouns: Analysis and resolution. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Huang, C. T.
   (1984) On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry, 15(4), 531–574.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Huang, C. T.
   (1989) Pro-drop in Chinese: A generalized control theory. In O. Jaeggli , & K. Safir (Eds.), The null subject parameter (pp.185–214). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 10.1007/978‑94‑009‑2540‑3_6
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_6 [Google Scholar]
9. Huang, C. T. , Li, Y. H. , & Li, Y.
   (2009) The syntax of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139166935
   https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166935 [Google Scholar]
10. Jaeggli, O. , & Safir, K.
    (1989) The null subject parameter and parametric theory. In O. Jaeggli , & K. Safir (Eds.), The null subject parameter (pp.1–44). Dordrecht: Kluwer. 10.1007/978‑94‑009‑2540‑3_1
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_1 [Google Scholar]
11. Jia, L. , & Bayley, R.
    (2002) Null pronoun variation in Mandarin Chinese. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 8(3), 103–116.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Jin, H. G.
    (1994) Topic-prominence and subject-prominence in L2 acquisition: Evidence of English-to-Chinese typological transfer. Language learning, 44(1), 101–122.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Jung, E. H.
    (1999) A look at interlanguage development: The case of acquiring topic-prominence in spoken Korean by English L2 learners. InProceedings of the 24th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Kamada, O.
    (2006) KY-koopasu to nihongo kyooiku kenkyuu [KY corpus and Japanese language education research]. Nihongo Kyooiku [Journal of Japanese Language Teaching], 130, 42–51.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Kim-Renaud, Y. K.
    (2012) Modern Korean. in N. Tranter (Ed.), The languages of Japan and Korea (pp.123–167). New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Kuroda, S. Y.
    (1965) Generative grammatical studies in Japanese. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). MIT, Boston.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Lardiere, D.
    (2008) Feature assembly in second language acquisition. In J. M. Liceras , H. Zobl and H. Goodluck (Eds.), The role of formal features in second language acquisition (pp.106–40). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lee, S.
    (2014) Language learners’ retrieval strategies as shown in topic-controlled deletion in topic chains: A comparison between Chinese and Korean native speakers’ interlanguages. Language Research, 50(1), 91–119.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Lee, I. , & Ramsey, S. R.
    (2000) The Korean Language. Albany: SUNY Press.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Lee, D. , & Yonezawa, Y.
    (2008) The role of the overt expression of first and second person subject in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 40, 733–767. 10.1016/j.pragma.2007.06.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.06.004 [Google Scholar]
21. Li, C. N. , & Thompson, S. A.
    (1989) Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Li, X.
    (2014) Variation in subject pronominal expression in L2 Chinese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36(1), 39–68. 10.1017/S0272263113000466
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263113000466 [Google Scholar]
23. Li, Y. A.
    (1999) Plurality in a classifier language. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 8(1), 75–99. 10.1023/A:1008306431442
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008306431442 [Google Scholar]
24. Nakahama, Y.
    (2009) Cross-linguistic influence on referent introduction and tracking in Japanese as a second language. The Modern Language Journal, 93(2), 241–260. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2009.00859.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00859.x [Google Scholar]
25. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics
    National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2010) Nihongo Gakushuusha Kaiwa Deetabeesu [Japanese Learners’ Conversation Database]. https://nknet.ninjal.ac.jp/nknet/ndata/opi/, accessedNovember, 2017.
26. Noguchi, T.
    (1997) Two types of pronouns and variable binding. Language, 73(4), 770–797. 10.1353/lan.1997.0021
    https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1997.0021 [Google Scholar]
27. Norman, J.
    (1988) Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Obana, Y.
    (2003) The use of kare/kanojo in Japanese society today. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 5(1), 139–155.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Oh, S. Y.
    (2007) Overt reference to speaker and recipient in Korean. Discourse Studies, 9(4), 462–492. 10.1177/1461445607079163
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445607079163 [Google Scholar]
30. Ono, T. , & Thompson, S.
    (2003) Japanese (w)atashi/ore/boku “I”: They’re not just pronouns. Cognitive Linguistics, 14(4), 321–347. 10.1515/cogl.2003.013
    https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2003.013 [Google Scholar]
31. Polio, C.
    (1995) Acquiring nothing?: The use of zero pronouns by nonnative speakers of Chinese and the implications for the acquisition of nominal reference. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17(3), 353–377. 10.1017/S0272263100014248
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100014248 [Google Scholar]
32. R Core Team
    R Core Team (2017) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URLhttps://www.R-project.org/
    [Google Scholar]
33. Russell, R.
    (2004) Acquisition and attrition of -wa and -ga in Japanese as a second language. In J. Cohen , K. McAlister , K. Rolstad & J. MacSwan , (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp.2020–2036). Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Saito, Mamoru , Lin, T. H. , & Murasugi, K.
    (2008) N’-ellipsis and the structure of noun phrases in Chinese and Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 17, 247–271. 10.1007/s10831‑008‑9026‑8
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10831-008-9026-8 [Google Scholar]
35. Slabakova, R.
    (2016) Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Sorace, A.
    (2011) Pinning down the concept of interface in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1(1), 3–33. 10.1075/lab.1.1.01sor
    https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.1.1.01sor [Google Scholar]
37. Uemura, R.
    (1997) Deetabeesu de siraberu [Research using databases]. Nihongo-gaku [Japanese Linguistics], 16(12), 60–68.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Watanabe, A.
    (2008) The Structure of DP. In Miyagawa, S. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Linguistics.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Xie, T.
    (1992) Topic-Controlled Deletion in Topic Chains in Chinese: A comparison between native speakers and foreign language learners. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 28(3), 21–31.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Yanagimachi, T.
    (2000) JFL learners’ referential-form choice in first-through third-person narratives. Japanese Language Education around the Globe, 109–128.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Zushi, M.
    (2003) Null arguments: the case of Japanese and Romance. Lingua, 113: 559–604. 10.1016/S0024‑3841(02)00085‑2
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3841(02)00085-2 [Google Scholar]